38 research outputs found
Spatial Guilds in the Serengeti Food Web Revealed by a Bayesian Group Model
Food webs, networks of feeding relationships among organisms, provide
fundamental insights into mechanisms that determine ecosystem stability and
persistence. Despite long-standing interest in the compartmental structure of
food webs, past network analyses of food webs have been constrained by a
standard definition of compartments, or modules, that requires many links
within compartments and few links between them. Empirical analyses have been
further limited by low-resolution data for primary producers. In this paper, we
present a Bayesian computational method for identifying group structure in food
webs using a flexible definition of a group that can describe both functional
roles and standard compartments. The Serengeti ecosystem provides an
opportunity to examine structure in a newly compiled food web that includes
species-level resolution among plants, allowing us to address whether groups in
the food web correspond to tightly-connected compartments or functional groups,
and whether network structure reflects spatial or trophic organization, or a
combination of the two. We have compiled the major mammalian and plant
components of the Serengeti food web from published literature, and we infer
its group structure using our method. We find that network structure
corresponds to spatially distinct plant groups coupled at higher trophic levels
by groups of herbivores, which are in turn coupled by carnivore groups. Thus
the group structure of the Serengeti web represents a mixture of trophic guild
structure and spatial patterns, in contrast to the standard compartments
typically identified in ecological networks. From data consisting only of nodes
and links, the group structure that emerges supports recent ideas on spatial
coupling and energy channels in ecosystems that have been proposed as important
for persistence.Comment: 28 pages, 6 figures (+ 3 supporting), 2 tables (+ 4 supporting
Species-specific, pan-European diameter increment models based on data of 2.3 million trees
ResearchBackground: Over the last decades, many forest simulators have been developed for the forests of individual
European countries. The underlying growth models are usually based on national datasets of varying size, obtained
from National Forest Inventories or from long-term research plots. Many of these models include country- and
location-specific predictors, such as site quality indices that may aggregate climate, soil properties and topography
effects. Consequently, it is not sensible to compare such models among countries, and it is often impossible to
apply models outside the region or country they were developed for. However, there is a clear need for more
generically applicable but still locally accurate and climate sensitive simulators at the European scale, which requires
the development of models that are applicable across the European continent. The purpose of this study is to
develop tree diameter increment models that are applicable at the European scale, but still locally accurate. We
compiled and used a dataset of diameter increment observations of over 2.3 million trees from 10 National Forest
Inventories in Europe and a set of 99 potential explanatory variables covering forest structure, weather, climate, soil
and nutrient deposition.
Results: Diameter increment models are presented for 20 species/species groups. Selection of explanatory variables
was done using a combination of forward and backward selection methods. The explained variance ranged from
10% to 53% depending on the species. Variables related to forest structure (basal area of the stand and relative size
of the tree) contributed most to the explained variance, but environmental variables were important to account for
spatial patterns. The type of environmental variables included differed greatly among species.
Conclusions: The presented diameter increment models are the first of their kind that are applicable at the
European scale. This is an important step towards the development of a new generation of forest development
simulators that can be applied at the European scale, but that are sensitive to variations in growing conditions and
applicable to a wider range of management systems than before. This allows European scale but detailed analyses
concerning topics like CO2 sequestration, wood mobilisation, long term impact of management, etcinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Monografia dei Sauri italiani
Volume: 8Start Page: 417End Page: 41