13 research outputs found
Complex admixture preceded and followed the extinction of wisent in the wild
Retracing complex population processes that precede extreme bottlenecks may be impossible using data from living individuals. The wisent (Bison bonasus), Europe’s largest terrestrial mammal, exemplifies such a population history, having gone extinct in the wild but subsequently restored by captive breeding efforts. Using low coverage genomic data from modern and historical individuals, we investigate population processes occurring before and after this extinction. Analysis of aligned genomes supports the division of wisent into two previously recognized subspecies, but almost half of the genomic alignment contradicts this population history as a result of incomplete lineage sorting and admixture. Admixture between subspecies populations occurred prior to extinction and subsequently during the captive breeding program. Admixture with the Bos cattle lineage is also widespread but results from ancient events rather than recent hybridization with domestics. Our study demonstrates the huge potential of historical genomes for both studying evolutionary histories and for guiding conservation strategies
The effect of soil moisture and fertilisation on the content of macro-elements in the stubble of spring wheat
W pracy przedstawiono zawartość N, P, K, Ca i Mg w resztkach pożniwnych pszenicy jarej w warunkach różnego uwilgotnienia gleby i zróżnicowanego nawożenia NPK. Podstawę opracowania stanowiły wyniki badań doświadczeń wazonowych, przeprowadzonych w hali wegetacyjnej IMUZ Falenty w latach 1983-1985. Wykorzystano do tego część wyników, dotyczących analizy chemicznej ścierni i korzeni, dotychczas niepublikowanych. Stwierdzono, że uwilgotnienie gleby wpływało istotnie na kumulację azotu, fosforu i potasu w korzeniach roślin oraz wapnia w ścierni. Nawożenie mineralne NPK istotnie zwiększało zawartość w ścierni wszystkich badanych makroelementów z wyjątkiem azotu, a nie miało większego wpływu na kumulację tych składników w korzeniach pszenicy jarej. Na podstawie analizy wariancji wykazano istotny wpływ odmian na kumulację azotu, potasu i wapnia w ścierni i korzeniach, magnezu w ścierni oraz fosforu w korzeniach pszenicy jarej.The content of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in stubble of spring wheat grown at different soil moisture and NPK fertilisation is presented in this paper. The study was based on results of pot experiments carried out in a green house of the IMUZ Falenty in the years 1983-1985. Unpublished results of chemical analyses of stubble and roots were used in this study. Soil moisture significantly affected accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in plant roots and of calcium in stubble. Mineral NPK fertilisation significantly increased the content of all analysed macro-elements (except nitrogen) in stubble but showed insignificant effect on accumulation of these components in roots of spring wheat. Analysis of variance showed a significant effect of plant variety on accumulation of N, P and Ca in stubble and roots, on Mg accumulation in stubble and P in roots of spring wheat
Wpływ parametrów elektrolizy prowadzonej z zastosowaniem okresowej zmiany kierunku przepływu prądu (PRC) na morfologię srebra otrzymywanego na drodze katodowej redukcji chlorku srebra
The aim of this study was to determine the possibility to obtain compact silver deposit during cathodic reduction of AgCl with the use of periodic reversal current (PRC). The influence of the electrolysis parameters (current intensity I = 0.4-1.6 A, the ratio of working to reversal periods tw/trv = 100/10; 100/20; 100/30) on the silver morphology (size and shape of Ag grains). Under the applied electrolysis conditions powder deposits were obtained, but at I = 0.4 A and tw/trv = 100/10 a more compact deposit was produced. Cathode efficiencies of the processes were low and ranged from approx. 52% up to 85%.Celem pracy było zbadanie możliwości uzyskania srebra w postaci litego osadu w procesie elektrolizy z zastosowaniem okresowej zmiany kierunku przepływu prądu (PRC). Badano wpływ parametrów elektrolizy (natężenie prądu I = 0,4-1,6 A oraz stosunek okresów "roboczego" do odwrotnego kierunku przepływu prądu: tw/trw = 100/10, 100/20, 100/30) na morfologię srebra (wielkość i kształt ziaren Ag). W warunkach stosowanych w procesie elektrolizy uzyskano osady srebra w postaci proszków. Srebro w postaci zwartego osadu uzyskano jedynie podczas elektrolizy z zastosowaniem natężenia prądu 0,4 A oraz stosunku tw/trw = 100/10. Katodowe wydajności prądowe są stosunkowo niskie i wynoszą od około 52% do 85%
Współosadzanie cząstek SiC z niklem w procesie elektrolizy
Ni/SiC composite coatings were produced by electrodeposition from chloride-sulphate bath. The effect of SiC concentration on the percentage of embedded particles at two current densities (0.75 and 1.50 Aźdm-2) was determined. SiC content in the nickel matrix was in the range of 13-23 vol%, but lower values were found for higher current density. Increased particles contents in the coatings practically did not change microhardness of deposits (approximately 300 HV), but it increased corrosion resistance. Morphology and particle distribution in the deposits was studied with optical and transmission electron microscopes. Specific surface charge of SiC particles as well as adsorption of Ni2+ions on the powder particles were also determined.Powłoki kompozytowe Ni/SiC otrzymywano na drodze elektrolizy z zastosowaniem kąpieli chlorkowo-siarczanowej. Określono wpływ stężenia SiC na skład osadów katodowych uzyskiwanych przy dwóch gęstościach prądu (0.75 and 1.50 Aźdm-2). Udział SiC w osnowie niklowej wynosił 13-23 %obj., przy czym niższe zawartości stwierdzono w powłokach otrzymanych przy wyższej gęstości prądu. Wzrost zawartości fazy dyspersyjnej w osadach katodowych nie wpływa na mikrotwardość kompozytów (ok. 300 HV), następuje natomiast wzrost ich odporności korozyjnej. Morfologię powierzchni i rozkład cząstek dyspersyjnych w osnowie niklowej określano na podstawie obserwacji mikroskopowych. Wyznaczono ładunek powierzchniowy cząstek SiC oraz wielkość adsorpcji jonów Ni2+
Cerebral arterial time constant calculated from the middle and posterior cerebral arteries in healthy subjects.
The cerebral arterial blood volume changes (∆CaBV) during a single cardiac cycle can be estimated using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) by assuming pulsatile blood inflow, constant, and pulsatile flow forward from large cerebral arteries to resistive arterioles [continuous flow forward (CFF) and pulsatile flow forward (PFF)]. In this way, two alternative methods of cerebral arterial compliance (Ca) estimation are possible. Recently, we proposed a TCD-derived index, named the time constant of the cerebral arterial bed (τ), which is a product of Ca and cerebrovascular resistance and is independent of the diameter of the insonated vessel. In this study, we aim to examine whether the τ estimated by either the CFF or the PFF model differs when calculated from the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and the posterior cerebral artery (PCA). The arterial blood pressure and TCD cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFVa) in the MCA and in the PCA were non-invasively measured in 32 young, healthy volunteers (median age: 24, minimum age: 18, maximum age: 31). The τ was calculated using both the PFF and CFF models from the MCA and the PCA and compared using a non-parametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results are presented as medians (25th-75th percentiles). The cerebrovascular time constant estimated in both arteries using the PFF model was shorter than when using the CFF model (ms): [64.83 (41.22-104.93) vs. 178.60 (160.40-216.70), p < 0.001 in the MCA, and 44.04 (17.15-81.17) vs. 183.50 (153.65-204.10), p < 0.001 in the PCA, respectively]. The τ obtained using the PFF model was significantly longer from the MCA than from the PCA, p = 0.004. No difference was found in the τ when calculated using the CFF model. Longer τ from the MCA might be related to the higher Ca of the MCA than that of the PCA. Our results demonstrate MCA-PCA differences in the τ, but only when the PFF model was applied