LOCAL PUBLIC GOODS AND ETHNIC DIVERSITY: EVIDENCE FROM THE IMMIGRATION REFORM AND CONTROL ACT

This paper uses county-level data from California to test whether ethnic fragmentation and other measures of diversity and social capital are systematically related to spending on productive local public goods that affect rural quality of life. The specific focus of this paper is the impact of the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) of 1986, which brought about 400,000 new immigrants to California, on demographic composition in that state.Public Economics,

Tangle-bearing neurons survive despite disruption of membrane integrity in a mouse model of tauopathy

Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are associated with neuronal loss and correlate with cognitive impairment in Alzheimer disease, but how NFTs relate to neuronal death is not clear. We studied cell death in Tg4510 mice that reversibly express P301L mutant human tau and accumulate NFTs using in vivo multiphoton imaging of neurofibrillary pathology, propidium iodide (PI) incorporation into cells, caspase activation and DNA labeling. We first observed that in live mice a minority of neurons was labeled with the caspase probe or with PI fluorescence. These markers of cell stress were localized in the same cells and appeared to be specifically within NFT-bearing neurons. Contrary to expectations, the PI-stained neurons did not die over a day of observation; the presence of Hoechst-positive nuclei in them on the subsequent day indicated that the NFT-associated membrane disruption suggested by PI staining and caspase activation do not lead to acute death of neurons in this tauopathy model. This unique combination of in vivo multiphoton imaging with markers of cell death and pathologic alteration is a powerful tool for investigating neuronal damage associated with neurofibrillary pathology

Investigating and managing neonatal seizures in the UK: an explanatory sequential mixed methods approach

Background Neonatal seizures are difficult to diagnose and, when they are, tradition dictates first line treatment is phenobarbital. There is little data on how consultants diagnose neonatal seizures, choose when to treat or how they choose aetiological investigations or drug treatments. The purpose of this study was to assess the variation across the UK in the management of neonatal seizures and explore paediatricians’ views on their diagnosis and treatment. Methods An explanatory sequential mixed methods approach was used (QUAN→QUAL) with equal waiting between stages. We collected quantitative data from neonatology staff and paediatric neurologists using a questionnaire sent to neonatal units and via emails from the British Paediatric Neurology Association. We asked for copies of neonatal unit guidelines on the management of seizures. The data from questionnaires was used to identify16 consultants using semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis was used to interpret qualitative data, which was triangulated with quantitative questionnaire data. Results One hundred questionnaires were returned: 47.7% thought levetiracetam was as, or equally, effective as phenobarbital; 9.2% thought it was less effective. 79.6% of clinicians had seen no side effects in neonates with levetiracetam. 97.8% of unit guidelines recommended phenobarbital first line, with wide variation in subsequent drug choice, aetiological investigations, and advice on when to start treatment. Thematic analysis revealed three themes: ‘Managing uncertainty with neonatal seizures’, ‘Moving practice forward’ and ‘Multidisciplinary team working’. Consultants noted collecting evidence on anti-convulsant drugs in neonates is problematic, and recommended a number of solutions, including collaboration to reach consensus guidelines, to reduce diagnostic and management uncertainty. Conclusions There is wide variation in the management of neonatal seizures and clinicians face many uncertainties. Our data has helped reveal some of the reasons for current practice and decision making. Suggestions to improve certainty include: educational initiatives to improve the ability of neonatal staff to describe suspicious events, greater use of video, closer working between neonatologists and neurologists, further research, and a national discussion to reach a consensus on a standardised approach to managing neonatal epileptic seizures

The Epstein-Barr Virus Episome Maneuvers between Nuclear Chromatin Compartments during Reactivation.

The human genome is structurally organized in three-dimensional space to facilitate functional partitioning of transcription. We learned that the latent episome of the human Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) preferentially associates with gene-poor chromosomes and avoids gene-rich chromosomes. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus behaves similarly, but human papillomavirus does not. Contacts on the EBV side localize to OriP, the latent origin of replication. This genetic element and the EBNA1 protein that binds there are sufficient to reconstitute chromosome association preferences of the entire episome. Contacts on the human side localize to gene-poor and AT-rich regions of chromatin distant from transcription start sites. Upon reactivation from latency, however, the episome moves away from repressive heterochromatin and toward active euchromatin. Our work adds three-dimensional relocalization to the molecular events that occur during reactivation. Involvement of myriad interchromosomal associations also suggests a role for this type of long-range association in gene regulation.IMPORTANCE The human genome is structurally organized in three-dimensional space, and this structure functionally affects transcriptional activity. We set out to investigate whether a double-stranded DNA virus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), uses mechanisms similar to those of the human genome to regulate transcription. We found that the EBV genome associates with repressive compartments of the nucleus during latency and with active compartments during reactivation. This study advances our knowledge of the EBV life cycle, adding three-dimensional relocalization as a novel component to the molecular events that occur during reactivation. Furthermore, the data add to our understanding of nuclear compartments, showing that disperse interchromosomal interactions may be important for regulating transcription

Politics, Voice, and Just Transition: Who has a Say in Climate Change Decision Making, and Who Does Not

The city of Bristol, UK, set out to pursue a just transition to climate change in 2020. This paper explores what happened next. We set out to study how just transition is unfolding politically on the ground, focusing on procedural justice. Over the course of a year, we conducted interviews and observations to study decision making at three levels – public sector, private sector and civil society. We found that not only is it difficult to define what just transition means, even for experts, but that the process of deciding how to pursue such a transition is highly exclusionary, especially to women and ethnic minorities. We therefore argue there is an urgency to revise decision-making procedures and ensure that there is ample opportunity to feed into decision-making processes by those who are typically excluded. Inclusive decision making must be embedded into the process of just transition from the beginning and throughout its implementation – it is not a step that can be ‘ticked off’ and then abandoned, but rather an ongoing process that must be consistently returned to. Finally, we conclude that cities have the unique opportunity to pilot bottom-up participatory approaches and to feed into the process of how a just transition might be pursued at the global level – for example, through their participation in the United Nations Framework for the Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Conference of the Parties (COP) processes

Towards a framework for inter-enterprise architecture to boost collaborative networks

A complete Inter-Enterprise Architecture should be conformed to a framework, a methodology and a modelling language. In this sense, this paper proposes an initial Framework for Inter-Enterprise Architecture (FIEA), which organizes, stores, classifies and communicates in a conceptual level the elements of the Inter-Enterprise Architecture (IEA) and their relationships, ensuring their consistency and integrity. This FIEA provides a clear picture about the elements and perspectives that make up the collaborative network and their inter-relationships, supported for technology base on the Internet for its inter-operation.This research has been carried out for the project “Sistema de ayuda a la toma de decisiones ante decisiones no programadas en la planificación jerárquica de la producción (ADENPRO-PJP)” Ref. SP20120703 Universitat Politècnica de València.Vargas, A.; Boza García, A.; Cuenca, L.; Ortiz Bas, Á. (2013). Towards a framework for inter-enterprise architecture to boost collaborative networks. En On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: OTM 2013 Workshop. Springer Verlag (Germany). 179-188. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41033-8_26S179188Cuenca, L., Boza, A., Ortiz, A.: Enterprise Architecture Framework with Early Business/ICT Alignment for Extended Enterprises. In: Ortiz, Á., Franco, R.D., Gasquet, P.G. (eds.) BASYS 2010. IFIP AICT, vol. 322, pp. 11–18. Springer, Heidelberg (2010a)Vargas, A., Boza, A., Cuenca, L., Sacala, I.: Inter-Enterprise Architecture and Internet of the Future. In: Camarinha-Matos, L.M., Tomic, S., Graça, P. (eds.) DoCEIS 2013. IFIP AICT, vol. 394, pp. 25–32. Springer, Heidelberg (2013)Camarinha-Matos, L., Afsarmanesh, H.: Collaborative networks: Reference Modeling. Media, Springer Science + Business (2008)European Commission European Society and Media: Dygital Business Ecosystems. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg (2007)Future Internet Enterprise Systems (FInES) Cluster: FInES Research Roadmap 2025, http://cordis.europa.eu/Vargas, A., Boza, A., Cuenca, L., Ortiz, A.: The importance of strategic alignment in enterprise collaboration. In: Prado-Prado, J.C. (ed.) Annals of Industrial Engineering 2012, pp. 1–8. Springer, London (2013)Henderson, J., Venkatraman, N.: Strategic alignment: Leveraging information technology for transforming organizations. IBM Systems Journal 32(1), 472–484 (1993)Vargas, A., Boza, A., Cuenca, L.: Lograr la alineación estratégica de negocio y las tecnologías de la información a través de Arquitecturas Empresariales: Revisión de la Literatura. 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Towards the development of the framework for inter sensing enterprise architecture

[EN] Inter-enterprise architecture (IEA) is a new concept that seeks to apply the tools and methodologies of enterprise architecture (EA) in a collaborative context, in order to model collaborative organizations in an inclusive manner. According to the main enterprise architectures proposed to this point, an EA should be conformed at least for a framework, a methodology and a modelling language. Sensing enterprise (SE) is an attribute of an enterprise or a network that allows it to react to business stimuli originating on the Internet. These fields have come into focus recently, and there is not evidence of the use of IEA for modelling a SE, while finding an interesting gap to work on. Thus, this paper proposes an initial framework for inter sensing enterprise architecture (FISEA), which seeks to classify, organize, store and communicate, at the conceptual level, all the elements for inter-sensing enterprise architectures and their relationships, ensuring their consistency and integrity. This FISEA provides a clear idea about the elements and views that create collaborative network and their inter-relationships, based on the support of Future Internet.This work was supported by the European Commission FP7 UNITE Project, through its Secondment Programme and the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia ADENPRO-PJP project (ref. SP20120703).Vargas, A.; Cuenca, L.; Boza, A.; Sacala, I.; Moisescu, M. (2016). Towards the development of the framework for inter sensing enterprise architecture. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing. 27(1):55-72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10845-014-0901-zS5572271Adaba, G., Rusu, L., & Mekawy, M. (2010). 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International Transactions in Operational Research, 19(5), 633–657.Boza, A., Cuenca, L., Poler, R., Michaelides, Z., & Systems, Enterprise Information. (2014). The interoperability force in the ERP field. Enterprise Information Systems,. doi: 10.1080/17517575.2013.866697Camarinha-Matos, L., & Afsarmanesh, H. (2005). Collaborative networks: A new scientific discipline. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 16(4–5), 439–452.Camarinha-Matos, L., & Afsarmanesh, H. (2008). Collaborative networks: Reference modeling. New York: Springer.Camarinha-Matos, L., Afsarmanesh, H., & Ollus, M. (2008). ECOLEAD and CNO base concepts. In L. M. Camarinha-Matos, H. Afsarmanesh, & M. Ollus (Eds.), Methods and tools for collaborative networked organizations (pp. 35–68). New York: Springer.Chalmeta, R., & Grangel, R. (2003). ARDIN extension for virtual enterprise integration. The Journal of Systems and Software, 67(3), 141–152.Chen, D., Vallespir, B., & Doumeingts, G. (1997). GRAI integrated methodology and its mapping onto generic enterprise reference architecture and methodology. Computers in Industry, 33(2), 387–394.Choi, Y., Kang, D., Chae, H., & Kim, K. (2008). An enterprise architecture framework for collaboration of virtual enterprise chains. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 35(11–12), 1065–1078.CIMOSA Asociation. (1996). CIMOSA Primer on key concepts, purpose and business value.Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals CSCMP. (2010). CSCMP. Glosary of terms. from http://cscmp.org/resources-research/glossary-terms . Accessed 9 February 2013Coutinho, C., Cretan, A., Ferreira, C., Ghodous, P., & Jardim-Goncalves, R. (2014). Service-based negotiation for advanced collaboration in enterprise networks. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing,. doi: 10.1007/s10845-013-0857-4Cuenca, L. (2009). Marco arquitectónico para la propuesta IE-GIP. Extensión de la arquitectura CIMOSA. Aplicación a una empresa del sector cerámico. Tesis Doctoral Universidad Politecnica de Valencia.Cuenca, L., Boza, A., & Ortiz, A. (2011). An enterprise engineering approach for the alignment of business and information technology strategy. International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 24(11), 974–992.Cuenca, L., Ortiz, A., & Boza, A. (2005). Arquitectura de Empresa. Visión General. Gijón: IX Congreso de Ingeniería de Organización.Dong, X., Liu, Q., & Yin, D. (2008). Business performance, business strategy, and information system strategic alignment: An empirical study on Chinese firms. Tsinghua Science and Technology, 13(3), 348–354.Ermilova, E., & Afsarmanesh, H. (2007). Modeling and management of profiles and competencies in VBEs. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 18(5), 561–586.Estimali, H., Gardesh, H., & Sikari, S. (2010). Validating ITIL maturity to strategic business-IT alignment. 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GERAM: Generalised enterprise reference architecture and methodology. International Federation for Information Processing, 1(2), 30.Future Internet Enterprise Systems (FInES) Cluster. (2012). FInES Research Roadmap 2025. From http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/ict/enet/documents/fines-research-roadmap-v30_en.pdf . Accessed 13 October 2013Henderson, J., & Venkatraman, N. (1993). Strategic alignment: Leveraging information technology for transforming organizations. IBM Systems Journal, 32(1), 472–484.Hu, Q., & Huang, D. (2006). Using the balanced scorecard to achieve sustained IT-business alignment: A case study. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 17, 181–204.ISO 15704. (2000). Industrial automation systems–Requirements for enterprise-reference architectures and methodologies.ISO/CEN 19439. (2006). Enterprise integration–Framework for enterprise modelling.Kilger, C., Reuter, B., & Stadtler, H. (2008). Collaborative planning. In H. Stadtler & C. Kilger (Eds.), Supply chain management and advanced planning-concepts, models software and case studies (pp. 263–284). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.Kosanke, K., Vernadat, F., & Zelm, M. (1999). CIMOSA: Enterprise engineering and integration. Computers in Industry, 40(2), 83– 97.Lankhorst, M. (2009). Enterprise architecture at work: Modelling, communication and analysis. New York: Springer.Luftman, J. (2004). Assessing business-IT alignment maturity. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 4, 99.Maes, R. (1999). Reconsidering information management through a generic framework. Amsterdam: Universiteit van Amsterdam, Department of Accountancy & Information Management.Mehandjiev, N., & Grefen, P. (2010). Dynamic business process formation for instant virtual enterprises. London.Mekawy, M., Rusu, L., & Ahmed, N. (2009). Business and IT alignment: An evaluation of strategic alignment models. In best practices for the knowledge society. Knowledge, Learning, Development and Technology for All, 49, 447–455.Moisescu, M., Sacala, I., Stanescu, A., & Serbanescu, C. (2012). Towards integration of knowledge extraction form process interoperability in future internet enterprise systems. Information Control Problems in Manufacturing, 14(1), 1458–1463.Ortiz, A. (1998). Propuesta para el Desarrollo de Programas de Integración Empresarial en Empresas Industriales. Aplicación a una Empresa del Sector Cerámico: Tesis Doctoral Universidad Politécnica de Valencia.Palmer, C., Harding, J., Swarnkar, R., Das, B., & Young, R. (2013). Generating rules from data mining for collaboration moderator services. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 24, 313–330.Pijpers, V., Gordijn, J., & Akkermans, H. (2009). Aligning information system design and business strategy–A starting internet company. In the practice of enterprise modeling. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 15, 47–61.Plaza, J., Burgos, J., & Carmona, E. (2010). Measuring stakeholder integration: Knowledge, interaction and adaptational behavior dimensions. Journal of Business Ethics, 93, 419–442.Romero, D., Galeano, N., & Molina, A. (2010). Virtual organisation breeding environments value system and its elements. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 21(3), 267–286.Sacala, I., Moisescu, M., & Repta, D. (2013). Towards the development of the future internet based enterprise in the context of cyber-physical systems. In 2013 19th International conference on control systems and computer science (CSCS), (pp. 405–412).Santana, R., Daneva, M., van Eck, P., & Wieringa, R. (2008). Towards a business-IT aligned maturity model for collaborative networked organizations. In 12th International conference on advanced information systems engineering.Schekkerman, J. (2004). Enterprise architecture validation. Achieving business-aligned and validated entreprise architectures. 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Holocene geochemical footprint from Semiarid alpine wetlands in southern Spain

Here we provide the geochemical dataset that our research group has collected after 10 years of investigation in the Sierra Nevada National Park in southern Spain. These data come from Holocene sedimentary records from four alpine sites (ranging from ∼2500 to ∼3000 masl): two peatlands and two shallow lakes. Different kinds of organic and inorganic analyses have been conducted. The organic matter in the bulk sediment was characterised using elemental measurements and isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (EA-IRMS). Leaf waxes in the sediment were investigated by means of chromatography with flame-ionization detection and mass spectrometry (GC-FID, GC-MS). Major, minor and trace elements of the sediments were analysed with atomic absorption (AAS), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), as well as X-ray scanning fluorescence. These data can be reused by environmental researchers and soil and land managers of the Sierra Nevada National Park and similar regions to identify the effect of natural climate change, overprinted by human impact, as well as to project new management policies in similar protected areas.Universidad de Granada. Departamento de Estratigrafía y PaleontologíaJunta de Andalucía: Grupos de investigación RNM190 y RNM309Junta de Andalucía: Proyecto P11-RNM-7332España, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad: Proyecto CGL2013-47038-RRamón y Cajal Fellowship: RYC-2015-18966Small Research Grant by the Carnegie Trust for the Universities of ScotlandMarie Curie Intra-European Fellowship of the 7th Framework Programme for Research, Technological Development and Demonstration of the European Commission: NAOSIPUK. Grant Number: PIEF-GA-2012-62302