Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in women with abnormal uterine bleeding in reproductive age

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is one of the commonest presentations encountered in gynecological outpatient department. Menstruation is also regulated by many mechanisms, including thyroid hormone. So, for definitive management of AUB, it becomes imperative to assess thyroid status in those with abnormal uterine bleeding.Methods: Cross sectional study was conducted on all woman attending to OPD at Sri Siddhartha Medical College, Tumukuru, with complaints of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). Thyroid test was done for those who were eligible under inclusion criteria. Incidence of thyroid disorders among AUB and type of abnormal menstrual pattern associated with specific type of thyroid dysfunction were noted in this study.Results: Total of 522 presented with AUB. AUB was most common among woman age >40 years at 49.23% (257 of total 522 cases). AUB was more common in Multipara at 61.49% (321 of 522 cases). Menorrhagia was commonest pattern in AUB accounting for 51.34% (268 of 522cases). Thyroid dysfunction was present in 12.27% (64 of 522) of cases with AUB. Among them hypothyroid was most common accounting for 8.81% (46 of 522 cases). Hyperthyroidism was present in 3.44% (18 of 522 cases). Menorrhagia was most common pattern in Hypothyroidism at 65.21% (30 of 46 cases, followed by polymenorrhea at 17.39% (8 of 46 cases). Oligomenorrhea was most common in hyperthyroid group at 55.54% (10 of 18 cases) closely followed by hypomenorrhea at 44.44% (8 of 18 cases).Conclusions: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is one of the commonest gynecological complaint at gynecological OPD.  Thyroid dysfunction is noted consistently in cases of AUB. So, evaluation of thyroid profile should be part of evaluation of AUB, especially during perimenopause

ANTISNAKE VENOM PROPERTIES OF MEDICINAL PLANTS

Snake envenoming and consequent deaths are of common occurrence in tropical and subtropical regions. Approximately 1,25,000 deaths are witnessed every year and WHO has declared it as a neglected tropical disease in 2009. The immunotheraphy is the only treatment available, but it has side effects like serum sickness, pyrogen reactions moreover the non availability and storage problems has rendered the mankind to look in others sources to treat snake bite deaths. This has led to the investigation of naturally available antidotes or the herbal antidotes. The plants were used by humans from centuries to treat diseases which have become an ancient knowledge which are passed through the generations. Many scientific investigations have been carried out on the grounds of folk knowledge. Some of the plants include Aristolochia indica, Andrographis paniculata, Hemidesmus indicus, Vitis vinifera etc., many metabolites have also been isolated which show promising pharmacological inhibitory effect on the toxic snake venom. Further exploration and characterization of molecules would be able to provide an alternative to the existent Antisnake venom. Â

ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC ROOT EXTRACT OF TABERNAEMONTANA ALTERNIFOLIA L

Objective: The infectious diseases caused by bacteria are a major problem and most of them are resistant to the present antibiotics. Also the free radicals act on structural and functional architecture of the cell in turn lead to cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the cell. In this regard plants would have molecules alternative to antibiotics with higher safety, efficiency and will play a key role in maintaining human health.Methods: In this study antimicrobial activity of methanolic crude extract of Tabernaemontana alternifolia root extract was determined by an agar gel diffusion method against Bacillus flexus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus aureus and E. coli bacteria, Aspergillus terreus and Scopulariopsis sp. fungi. Antioxidant potential of root extract was determined by ABTS assay and DPPH method.Results: The methanolic root extracts of T. alternifolia posses significant antibacterial activity and reducing power. The significant inhibition was observed at 250, 500, 750, 1000µg/ml for Bacillus flexus, Proteus aureus bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus was inhibited at 1000µg/ml concentration of the plant extracts. Crude extract inhibited DPPH with IC50 value 250 µg/ml and ABTS with IC50 value 600 µg/ml. No antifungal activity was observed.Conclusion: The overall result can conclude that T. alternifolia root posses marked antibacterial activity and anti oxidant activity at lower concentration of plant extract.Â

ANTIPROLIFERATIVE, ADME AND POTENTIAL IN SILICO G6PDH INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF NOVEL 2-(1-BENZOFURAN-2-YL)-4-(5-PHENYL-4H-1, 2, 4-TRIAZOL-3-YL) QUINOLINE DERIVATIVES

Objectives: Synthesis of new 2-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-4-(5-phenyl-4H-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl) quinoline and its derivatives for antiproliferative potential against cancer cells.Methods: The general methods were employed for the synthesis and the structures were confirmed by IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and mass spectral analysis. The antiproliferative activity was performed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and molecular docking study were performed by Auto Dock Tools. In silico Absorption-Distribution-Metabolism-Excretion-Toxicity (ADMET) study for the drug, likeliness was carried out on ACD/lab-2.Results: The compound 3l showed 44, 44, 38 and 37 % inhibition against MCF-7, HepG2, Colo205 and HeLa cell lines, respectively; whereas, the compounds 3i and 3j exhibited 49 and 42 % inhibition against MCF-7 cell line. The molecular docking study revealed that the compound 3i has the lowest binding energy (-8.60 Kcal mol-1), suggesting to be potentially best inhibitor of Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH). The in silico ADME analysis also revealed that compound 3i does not violate any of the Lipinski rules of five and has the best stimulative human colonic absorption up to 95 %.Conclusion: The study reveals that the compounds containing benzofuran coupled nitrogen heterocycles are essential for activity as they possess excellent drug-like characteristics.Â

Soil nutrient status as influenced by different micronutrient management practices in pearl millet cultivars

Two field experiments were conducted during Kharif, 2018 and 2019 on clay loam soils at Zonal Agricultural and Horticultural Research Station, Babbur farm, Hiriyur, Karnataka to estimate the post harvest soil nutrient status in pearl millet cultivated plots. Micronutrient (Zn and Fe) management strategies include application of NPK, deficit iron and zinc through soil, foliar application and FYM enriched with iron and zinc along with PGPR in main plots and three pearl millet cultivars ICTP 8203 Fe (Dhanshakti), ICMH 1202 and WCC 75 (local cultivar) as sub plots laid in split plot design replicated thrice. As compared to the initial soil status, the availability of N, P2O5 and K2O was reduced, while Zn and Fe availability increased in micronutrient applied treatments. The study confirmed that after two years of experimentation, the soil available N (242 kg ha-1), P2O5 (27 kg ha-1) and K2O (286 kg ha-1) was higher with RDF alone (F1) than other micronutrient management practices, while enriched FYM + PGPR (F4) and soil application (F2) treatments were on par with each other and retained higher soil available Zn (0.60 and 0.59 ppm) and Fe (4.0 and 3.80 ppm), respectively. Plots with local cultivar WCC 75 (G3) revealed significantly higher availability of nitrogen (243 kg ha-1) and micronutrients (0.47 and 3.70 ppm Zn and Fe, respectively) in the soil over other two pearl millet cultivars

A triple action CDK4/6-PI3K-BET inhibitor with augmented cancer cell cytotoxicity

National Institutes of Health GM125195, GM135671, CA192656, FD00511

Evolution of the deaminase fold and multiple origins of eukaryotic editing and mutagenic nucleic acid deaminases from bacterial toxin systems

The deaminase-like fold includes, in addition to nucleic acid/nucleotide deaminases, several catalytic domains such as the JAB domain, and others involved in nucleotide and ADP-ribose metabolism. Using sensitive sequence and structural comparison methods, we develop a comprehensive natural classification of the deaminase-like fold and show that its ancestral version was likely to operate on nucleotides or nucleic acids. Consequently, we present evidence that a specific group of JAB domains are likely to possess a DNA repair function, distinct from the previously known deubiquitinating peptidase activity. We also identified numerous previously unknown clades of nucleic acid deaminases. Using inference based on contextual information, we suggest that most of these clades are toxin domains of two distinct classes of bacterial toxin systems, namely polymorphic toxins implicated in bacterial interstrain competition and those that target distantly related cells. Genome context information suggests that these toxins might be delivered via diverse secretory systems, such as Type V, Type VI, PVC and a novel PrsW-like intramembrane peptidase-dependent mechanism. We propose that certain deaminase toxins might be deployed by diverse extracellular and intracellular pathogens as also endosymbionts as effectors targeting nucleic acids of host cells. Our analysis suggests that these toxin deaminases have been acquired by eukaryotes on several independent occasions and recruited as organellar or nucleo-cytoplasmic RNA modifiers, operating on tRNAs, mRNAs and short non-coding RNAs, and also as mutators of hyper-variable genes, viruses and selfish elements. This scenario potentially explains the origin of mutagenic AID/APOBEC-like deaminases, including novel versions from Caenorhabditis, Nematostella and diverse algae and a large class of fast-evolving fungal deaminases. These observations greatly expand the distribution of possible unidentified mutagenic processes catalyzed by nucleic acid deaminases