Оценка надежности высоконадежных систем с учетом ЗИП

Предложены приближенные верхние и нижние оценки коэффициента готовности высоконадежной восстанавливаемой системы со структурной избыточностью. Полученные расчетные соотношения могут использоваться для оценки надежности высоконадежных систем с учетом различных стратегий пополнения ЗИП

Non-destructive assessment of the oxidative stability of intact macadamia nuts during the drying process by near-infrared spectroscopy

We have developed a rapid non-destructive method to assess the oxidative stability of intact macadamia nuts using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Intact macadamia nuts of the cultivars HAES 344 ‘Kau’, HAES 660 ‘Keaau’, IAC 4–12 B, and IAC Campinas B were harvested and immediately oven-dried for 4 days at 30 °C, 2 days at 40 °C, and 1 day at 60 °C to achieve 1.5% kernel moisture content. At each drying step nuts were withdrawn and their moisture content, peroxide value (PV), and acidity index (AI) determined. The best partial least square model for PV prediction was obtained using the Savitzky-Golay (SG) second derivative resulting in a standard error of prediction (SEP) of 0.55 meq·kg−1 and a coefficient of determination (R2C) of 0.57. The best AI prediction-model result was obtained using the SG second derivative (SEP = 0.14%, R2C = 0.29). Based on the maximum quality limits of 3 meq·kg−1 for PV and 0.5% for AI, the SEP values represented 18% and 28%, respectively. Therefore, the prediction method can be considered useful since the errors are lower than the quality limits. Thus, NIRS can be used to assess the oxidative stability of intact macadamia kernels

Isolation and identification of phospholipid molecular species in α wild marine shrimp Penaeus kerathurus muscle and cephalothorax

The concentration of TL in Penaeus kerathurus muscle and cephalothorax was 1.03 ± 0.04 (75.9 ± 0.8% of which was PhL) and 2.36 ± 0.07% (45.5 ± 0.8% of which was PhL) of the wet tissue, respectively. The phosphatidylethanolamine represented 26.4 ± 0.6% (85.6% diacyl- and 14.4% alkyl-acyl- or alkenyl-acyl-analogues) of muscle and 24.7 ± 0.2% (90.7% diacyl- and 9.3% alkyl-acyl- or 1-alkenyl-acyl-analogues) of cephalothorax phospholipids while the phosphatidylcholine represented 57.1 ± 0.6% (86.9% diacyl- and 13.1% alkyl-acyl- or alkenyl-acyl-analogues) of muscle and 47.2 ± 0.4% (89.1% diacyl- and 10.9% alkyl-acyl- or 1-alkenyl-acyl-analogues) of cephalothorax phospholipids, respectively. The main fatty acids of phosphatidylethanolamine were C16:0, C18:0, C18:1 ω - 9, C20:4 ω - 6, C20:5 ω - 3, C22:6 ω - 3 and of phosphatidylcholine were C16:0, C18:0, C18:1 ω - 9, C20:4 ω - 6, C20:5 ω - 3. Low percentages of 2-OH C14:0 and cyclo-17:0 fatty acids were also determined. Phosphatidylethanolamine were found to contain a significantly (P < 0.05) higher percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids compared to phosphatidylcholine. The ω - 3/ω - 6 ratio in muscle phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine was significantly (P < 0.05) higher to the ones of cephalothorax. © 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved

Fatty acid profile of Pleurotus ostreatus and Ganoderma australe grown naturally and in a batch bioreactor

Non-polar lipid content and fatty acid (FA) composition of the commercial edible strain of Pleurotus ostreatus and the medicinal wild strain of Ganoderma australe were determined. A comparison of the FA profile was conducted between mycelium grown under optimum bioreactor conditions and naturally occurring fruit bodies in both species. Both strains contained unsaturated FA (UFA), amounting to 55–77% of total FA content, whereas the proportion of essential FA was contributive, permitting their consideration as potential food ingredients. Bioreactor process resulted in a significant total FA content increase accompanied with a considerable effect on ratios of nutritional interest (MUFA/SFA, PUFA/SFA, oleic/linoleic)