El rol de las vanguardias artísticas en la construcción de los principios del diseño editorial

Existen en el campo del diseño editorial ciertos conceptos o nociones básicas que estructuran el quehacer diario del diseñador, la construcción de grillas, la legibilidad, los criterios de selección tipográfica, aspectos compositivos, entre otros detalles, que tienen su base en el desarrollo  editorial del siglo XX. Por esto mismo la propuesta radica en realizar una revisión de los movimientos más influyentes de las primeras décadas, evaluar las condiciones en las que se dio el diseño editorial y los aportes realizados por dichos movimientos en el campo. También se propone reflexionar sobre los contextos histórico-sociales de cada uno de dichos cambios, a fin de comprender la lógica que lleva a desarrollarlos y entender su aplicación

Heterologous reporter expression in the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea through somatic mRNA transfection

Planarians have long been studied for their regenerative abilities. Moving forward, tools for ectopic expression of non-native proteins will be of substantial value. Using a luminescent reporter to overcome the strong autofluorescence of planarian tissues, we demonstrate heterologous protein expression in planarian cells and live animals. Our approach is based on the introduction of mRNA through several nanotechnological and chemical transfection methods. We improve reporter expression by altering untranslated region (UTR) sequences and codon bias, facilitating the measurement of expression kinetics in both isolated cells and whole planarians using luminescence imaging. We also examine protein expression as a function of variations in the UTRs of delivered mRNA, demonstrating a framework to investigate gene regulation at the post-transcriptional level. Together, these advances expand the toolbox for the mechanistic analysis of planarian biology and establish a foundation for the development and expansion of transgenic techniques in this unique model system

Branching ratio change in K- absorption at rest and the nature of the Lambda(1405)

We investigate in-medium corrections to the branching ratio in K- absorption at rest and their effect on the (positively and negatively) charged pion spectrum. The in-medium corrections are due to Pauli blocking, which arises if the Lambda(1405) is assumed to be a $\bar{K}$-nucleon bound state and leads to a density and momentum dependent mass shift of the Lambda(1405). Requiring that the optical potential as well as the branching ratio are derived from the same elementary T-matrix, we find that the in-medium corrected, density dependent T-matrix gives a better description of the K- absorption reaction than the free, density-independent one. This result suggests that the dominant component of the Lambda(1405) wave function is the $\bar{K}N$ bound state.Comment: 8 Pages, Revtex with epsf, and embedded 8 ps figure

Simplified method of analysis, control and forecast of high water pollution by separate components

Assessing the risks and predicting the increased pollution of natural water bodies is especially important in the industrial regions where the instability of the monitored indicators is most significant. This article proposes methods of this activity with the use of non-parametric and more accurate parametric methods of hydro-monitoring data analysis. The results of using these methods for the Ural region have been obtained, and it has been shown that the analytical description of the “tail” parts of the probability distribution in the studied water quality indicators with the use of the Pareto distribution allows to identify the appropriate indicators for the limited volume samples and to give the projected estimates in the unobserved parts of the distributions. It has been noted that the risk of significant water pollution exists even if the situation is relatively favorable according to the hydro-monitoring. In this regard, a methodology of estimating the upper limit of the confidence interval covering the value of the monitored index with the acceptable reliability has been proposed. Practical examples show the effectiveness of this method. The special significance of the application of the proposed approaches to the predicting aspect is due to the possibility of assessing the small risks of the appearance of extreme unit values of the investigated random variables.Оценка риска и прогноз повышенного загрязнения природных вод особенно важны в промышленных регионах, где нестабильность контролируемых показателей наиболее высока. Поскольку риск является вероятностной характеристикой степени загрязнения воды отдельными компонентами, для решения этой задачи необходимо привлечение статистических методов. В статье предложена практическая методика такой оценки с использованием непараметрических, основанных на теории порядковых статистик, и более точных параметрических методов статистического анализа данных гидромониторинга, требующих аналитического описания функции распределения концентрации загрязняющих веществ. Результаты использования методики апробированы для уральского региона, для чего обосновано и показано, что аналитическое описание «хвостовых» частей функций распределения вероятностей при больших значениях исследуемых показателей качества воды распределением Парето позволяет по выборкам ограниченного объема определять соответствующие показатели в ненаблюдаемых частях распределений, т.е. давать прогнозные оценки. Отмечено, что риск высокого загрязнения воды существует, даже если ситуация по данным гидромониторинга относительно благополучна. В связи с этим предложена методика оценки доверительного интервала, покрывающего значения контролируемого показателя с заданной доверительной вероятностью, в том числе наиболее важной его верхней доверительной границы. На практических демонстрационных примерах показана эффективность разработанной методики. Особая значимость применения предложенных подходов к прогнозной задаче обусловлена возможностью оценивания малых рисков появления экстремальных единичных значений исследуемых случайных величин

Gestão Participativa e a interface com trabalhadores do Sistema Único de Saúde: uma revisão integrativa

Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura com objetivo de integrar o conhecimento produzido acerca da Gestão Participativa e a interface dos trabalhadores do SUS. Para seleção dos artigos foram consultadas três bases de dados – Scielo, LiLACS e MEDLINE  - sendo incluídos doze artigos. Os resultados mostram estudos qualitativos, todos publicados entre 2008 a 2012. Identificou-se nos artigos que a Gestão Participativa é vivenciada por trabalhadores de saúde, muito embora haja dificuldades para a mesma. Os resultados evidenciaram um maior número de estudos nas regiões sul e sudeste brasileiro. Conclui-se que a Gestão Participativa é importante para o desenvolvimento do SUS e que é possível superar desafios e fazer com que o trabalhador de saúde participe mais do processo de decisões

Advancing stem cell technologies for conservation of wildlife biodiversity.

Wildlife biodiversity is essential for healthy, resilient and sustainable ecosystems. For biologists, this diversity also represents a treasure trove of genetic, molecular and developmental mechanisms that deepen our understanding of the origins and rules of life. However, the rapid decline in biodiversity reported recently foreshadows a potentially catastrophic collapse of many important ecosystems and the associated irreversible loss of many forms of life on our planet. Immediate action by conservationists of all stripes is required to avert this disaster. In this Spotlight, we draw together insights and proposals discussed at a recent workshop hosted by Revive & Restore, which gathered experts to discuss how stem cell technologies can support traditional conservation techniques and help protect animal biodiversity. We discuss reprogramming, in vitro gametogenesis, disease modelling and embryo modelling, and we highlight the prospects for leveraging stem cell technologies beyond mammalian species