Caracterización fisicoquímica del aceite crudo y refinado de la semilla de Proboscidea parviflora (Uña de gato)

Searching for seeds as new sources of oleaginous that can cover the national needs, it was studied the oil of Proboscidea parviflora. This oil was extracted from the seed with hexane in a Soxhlet apparatus, and its physical and chemical properties were determined, as well as the fatty acid composition by gas chromatography, in crude and refined oil. After a simple refining and deodorization process, the extracted oil had good quality with a high percentage of insatured fatty acids.En la búsqueda de semillas que sirvan como nuevas fuentes de oleaginosas para cubrir las necesidades existentes a nivel nacional, se estudió el aceite de Proboscidea parviflora. El aceite se extrajo de la semilla con hexano en un aparato Soxhlet. Se le determinaron sus propiedades físicas y químicas, así como el perfil de ácidos grasos por cromatografía de gases, tanto del aceite crudo como del refinado. Después de un proceso sencillo de refinación y desodorización, el aceite resultó ser de buena calidad con un grado de insaturación relativamente alto

Influence of a football match on landing biomechanics and jump performance in female football players

This study aimed to assess the acute effect of a competitive football match on jump performance and kinematic parameters during jump landing in semiprofessional female football players. Twenty-two semiprofessional players (20 ± 3 years) underwent a drop jump task for a posterior video analysis of the landing phase. These measurements were obtained at (1) baseline, (2) after, and (3) 48 h after a competitive football match. A one-way ANOVA with repeated measures was employed to detect differences over the time. There was a main effect of time for maximal knee flexion angle during drop landing (p = 0.001). In comparison with baseline, maximal knee flexion angle was reduced immediately post-match and was still reduced 48 h after the match (63.4 ± 8.6 vs 57.0 ± 11.7 vs 48.9 ± 19.1, p ≤ 0.038). There was also a main effect of time for drop jump height (p < 0.001). Drop jump height was reduced immediately post-match and remained low 48 h after the match in comparison with baseline (27.3 ± 3.6 vs 24.5 ± 2.8 ~ 25.5 ± 3.0 cm, p ≤ 0.002). There was a main effect of time on hip flexion angle during landing (p = 0.001), but the pairwise comparison revealed that this variable was not affected immediately post-match but was lower 48 h after the match than at baseline (50.1 ± 10.1 ~ 50.8 ± 13.2 vs 38.1 ± 17.8 °, p ≤ 0.005). A competitive football match worsened jump performance and several landing biomechanical parameters in female football players, which were still decreased in comparison with baseline even 48 h after the match

Anti-inflammatory, pro-proliferative and antimicrobial potential of the compounds isolated from Daemonorops draco (Willd.) Blume

Ethno-pharmacological relevance: Daemonorops draco (D. draco) commonly known as “Dragon's blood” is one of the most used plants by Momok, Anak Dalam and Talang Mamak tribes from Indonesia as a remedy for wound healing. Aim of the study: This study aimed to identify the extract, fractions and compounds responsible for the anti-inflammatory and pro-proliferative activities of the D. draco resin. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity against two bacteria and one yeast species was analysed. Materials and methods: Bio-guided isolation of compounds with anti-inflammatory, pro-proliferative and antimicrobial activities from the D. draco resin was carried out by measuring: the inhibition of NF-κB and activation of Nrf2 in THP-1, HaCaT, NIH-3T3 cells; cell proliferation in NIH-3T3 and HaCaT cells; and the antimicrobial effect on E. coli, S. aureus and C. albicans. Results: Guided isolation by bioassay gave rise to the isolation and characterisation by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry of three compounds: 1 (Bexarotene), 2 (Taspine) and 3 (2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone). All compounds showed NF-κB inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 0.10–0.13, 0.22–0.24 and 3.75–4.78 μM, respectively, while the positive control, Celastrol, had an IC50 of 7.96 μM. Likewise, all compounds showed an activating effect of Nrf2 with EC50 values of 5.34–5.43, 163.20–169.20 and 300.82–315.56 nM, respectively, while the positive control, CDDO-Me, had an EC50 of 0.11 nM. In addition, concerning the pro-proliferative activity, compound 1 (IC50 = 8.62–8.71 nM) showed a capacity of 100%, compound 2 (IC50 = 166–171 nM) showed a capacity of 75%, and compound 3 (IC50 = 469–486 nM) showed a capacity of 65%, while FSB 10% (positive control) had a pro-proliferative activity of 100% in the NIH3T3 cell lines (fibroblasts) and HaCaT (keratinocytes). Finally, all the compounds showed antimicrobial activity with MIC values of 0.12–0.16, 0.31–0.39 and 3.96–3.99 μM, respectively, in S. aureus, E. coli and C. albicans strains, while the positive control, Ofloxacin, had a MIC of 27.65 μM. Conclusion: This study managed to isolate, for the first time, three compounds (Bexarotene, Taspine and 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone) from the resin of D. draco, with anti-inflammatory, and pro-proliferative as well as antimicrobial activitie

Baseline to Evaluate Off-Site Suspended Sediment-Related Mining Effects in the Alto Tajo Natural Park, Spain

Mining is a human activity with considerable environmental impact. To evaluate such impacts, international laws require undertaking local studies based on direct sampling to establish baseline conditions of parameters modified by human activities. Mining takes place near the Alto Tajo Natural Park, where a suspended sediment concentration (SSC) baseline is required to determine whether mining affects water quality. To this end, we have monitored the Tajo River and its tributary the Tajuelo following Before–After Control-Impact (BACI) techniques, recommended by Australian and New Zealand laws, requiring a specific method based on continuous monitoring and sampling to enable evaluation of SSCs. An SSC baseline has been defined at stations situated upstream of the mining area and compared with those downstream. The highest detected SSC upstream of the Tajuelo mines was 24 g l−1 whereas the highest simultaneous downstream value was 391 g l−1, more than one order of magnitude higher than the supposed baseline (24 g l−1). Additionally, this value is 1000 times more than the average concentration of 25 mg l−1, used by the European Union until 2015, to guarantee the quality of salmonid waters. Following a BACI approach, a statistically significant SSC impact has been identified. The mined areas are the only source that can explain this increase. This is the first instance that such an increase and baseline have been found using this method. BACI is a simple and reliable method recommended for studying degraded areas rather than an irrelevant, fixed standard as included in most international laws. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This study was funded by: (i) Research Project CGL2010-21754-C02-01 (Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology, and Ministry of Economy); (ii) the Department of Agriculture and Environment of Castile—La Mancha through its socalled “Fondos Verdes” (Green Funding); (iii) the research contract 249/2015 between CAOBAR and UCM; (iv) the Ecological Restoration Network REMEDINAL-3 of the Madrid Community (S2013/MAE-2719); (v) the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) for Ph.D. Grant JAEPredoc to IZAPeer reviewe

Evaluación nutricional y sensorial del aceite de Proboscidea parviflora (uña de gato)

The seed of Proboscidea parviflora (cat´s claw) has shown a great nutritional potential due to the good nutritional quality presented by its flour. In order to integrate the study of the seeds and to know a use for the oil, it was considered of interest to valuate biologically the crude oil and to sensory evaluate the patatoes fried in oil P. parviflora refined. Seeds of Proboscidea parviflora have shown a great potential due to the good nutritional quality of its flour. As part of the integral study, here is presented a crude oil biological evaluation and a sensorial evaluation of potatoes fried in refined P. parviflora oil. Diets were prepared adding 8, 11 and 16 % of crude oil and PER, NPR and the apparent digestibilty were determinated. PER values for each percentage were 2.7, 3.1 and 3 % respectively. While digestibilities were of 97, 98 and 97 % for each level of oil addition (there was not significative difference of P< 0.05). Sensorial analysis of fried potatoes presented enough good acceptability in the scale hedonic (1 to 9 with a value of 8) in flavor, odor, color and to me likes enough, with level of significance of P< 0.05. According to these results, oil of Proboscidea parviflora presented good digestibility and high PER values comparable to the corn oil.La semilla de Proboscidea parviflora (uña de gato) ha mostrado un gran potencial alimenticio debido, a la buena calidad nutricional que ha presentado la harina. Con el fin de integrar más el estudio de la semilla y de conocer el uso del aceite, se consideró de interés valorar biológicamente el aceite crudo y evaluar sensorialmente patatas fritas en aceite refinado de P. parviflora (uña de gato). El aceite de Proboscidea parviflora (uña de gato), fue evaluado con adición de 8, 11 y 16 % de aceite crudo en las dietas, mediante los ensayos de PER, NPR y digestibilidad aparente. Realízándose también el análisis sensorial de las patatas fritas en el aceite refinado. Obteniéndose un PER de 2.7, 3.1 y 3 % para cada nivel de aceite, valores altos con diferencia significativa de P< 0.05; NPR fue de 2.8, 2.7 y 3.4 respectivamente. La digestibilidad del aceite fue de 97, 98 y 97 % no hubo diferencia significativa de P< 0.05. El análisis sensorial de patatas presentó bastante aceptabilidad en la escala hedónica (1 a 9, con 8) en me gusta bastante en cuanto a sabor, olor, color, con un nivel de significación de P< 0.05. De acuerdo a los resultados, el aceite de Proboscidea parviflora (uña de gato) presentó buena digestibilidad, PER alto y comparable a la del aceite de maíz