Diseño De Una Red Neuronal Artificial Para Asistir La Automatización En Un Taller De Mecanizado

El manejo de la información y la resolución de problemas, presentes en la fabricación de piezas por arranque de viruta, están destinados casi que exclusivamente a los operarios de las máquinas herramientas. Lo anterior representa problemas a la hora de abordar tareas cambiantes, donde la información se presenta masiva, imprecisa y distorsionada. Para solucionar esos problemas, se propone un modelo alternativo que consiste en la utilización de redes neuronales que sirvan como modelos de procesamiento, de control y que ayuden en la toma de decisiones respecto de nuevas piezas a mecanizar que lleguen a un taller. Las redes neuronales mediante un estilo de computación paralelo, distribuido y adaptativo, son capaces de aprender a partir de ejemplos. Una red neuronal artificial puede simularse mediante un programa de computador, o bien realizarse en circuitos electrónicos específicos. Esta tecnología permite incorporar un cierto tipo de sistema experto que emule la capacidad humana para la toma de decisiones o para la resolución de problemas en la industria del mecanizado de piezas por arranque de viruta

Diseño De Una Red Neuronal Artificial Para Asistir La Automatización En Un Taller De Mecanizado

El manejo de la información y la resolución de problemas, presentes en la fabricación de piezas por arranque de viruta, están destinados casi que exclusivamente a los operarios de las máquinas herramientas. Lo anterior representa problemas a la hora de abordar tareas cambiantes, donde la información se presenta masiva, imprecisa y distorsionada. Para solucionar esos problemas, se propone un modelo alternativo que consiste en la utilización de redes neuronales que sirvan como modelos de procesamiento, de control y que ayuden en la toma de decisiones respecto de nuevas piezas a mecanizar que lleguen a un taller. Las redes neuronales mediante un estilo de computación paralelo, distribuido y adaptativo, son capaces de aprender a partir de ejemplos. Una red neuronal artificial puede simularse mediante un programa de computador, o bien realizarse en circuitos electrónicos específicos. Esta tecnología permite incorporar un cierto tipo de sistema experto que emule la capacidad humana para la toma de decisiones o para la resolución de problemas en la industria del mecanizado de piezas por arranque de viruta

Aplicación y selección de ensayos no destructivos para la evaluación de uniones soldadas

La soldadura de materiales metálicos se presenta como uno de los procesos de conformación más importante en el amplio espectro que nos ofrecen los campos de la tecnología industrial. Cualquiera que sea el proceso de soldadura seguido se trata, en realidad, de un proceso metalúrgico y hay que considerar, por lo tanto, los diversos y específicos factores que intervienen en el mismo. El proceso de soldadura deberá ser el más idóneo para los fines perseguidos, que se traducen en una unión reuniendo las condiciones exigidas por los Códigos, las Normas y las especificaciones correspondientes. La aplicación de los ensayos no destructivos (END), para evaluar el estado final de una unión soldada, tienen una finalidad fundamental: asegurar que se cumplen rigurosamente los criterios de aceptación estipulados. Dado que son varios los tipos de END, se pretende dar aquí, algunos apartes para la selección dependiendo de la destinación final del producto

Effects of MDMA on blood glucose levels and brain glucose metabolism

Purpose This study was designed to assess changes in glucose metabolism in rats administered single or repeated doses of MDMA. Methods Two different experiments were performed: (1) A single-dose study with four groups receiving 20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, saline or heat, and (2) a repeated-dose study with two groups receiving three doses, at intervals of 2 h, of 5 mg/kg or saline. Rats were imaged using a dedicated small-animal PET scanner 1 h after single-dose administration or 7 days after repeated doses. Glucose metabolism was measured in 12 cerebral regions of interest. Rectal temperature and blood glucose were monitored. Results Peak body temperature was reached 1 h after MDMA administration. Blood glucose levels decreased significantly after MDMA administration. In the single-dose experiment, brain glucose metabolism showed hyperactivation in cerebellum and hypo-activation in the hippocampus, amygdala and auditory cortex. In the repeated-dose experiment, brain glucose metabolism did not show any significant change at day 7. Conclusion These results are the first to indicate that MDMA has the potential to produce significant hypoglycaemia. In addition, they show that MDMA alters glucose metabolism in components of the motor, limbic and somatosensory systems acutely but not on a long-term basisPublicad

Oil palm monoculture induces drastic erosion of an Amazonian forest mammal fauna

Oil palm monoculture comprises one of the most financially attractive land-use options in tropical forests, but cropland suitability overlaps the distribution of many highly threatened vertebrate species. We investigated how forest mammals respond to a landscape mosaic, including mature oil palm plantations and primary forest patches in Eastern Amazonia. Using both line-transect censuses (LTC) and camera-trapping (CT), we quantified the general patterns of mammal community structure and attempted to identify both species life-history traits and the environmental and spatial covariates that govern species intolerance to oil palm monoculture. Considering mammal species richness, abundance, and species composition, oil palm plantations were consistently depauperate compared to the adjacent primary forest, but responses differed between functional groups. The degree of forest habitat dependency was a leading trait, determining compositional dissimilarities across habitats. Considering both the LTC and CT data, distance from the forest-plantation interface had a significant effect on mammal assemblages within each habitat type. Approximately 87% of all species detected within oil palm were never farther than 1300 m from the forest edge. Our study clearly reinforces the notion that conventional oil palm plantations are extremely hostile to native tropical forest biodiversity, which does not bode well given prospects for oil palm expansion in both aging and new Amazonian deforestation frontiers

Broad-front migration leads to strong migratory connectivity in the lesser kestrel (Falco naumanni)

Aim: Migratory animals regularly move between often distant breeding and non-breeding ranges. Knowledge about how these ranges are linked by movements of individuals from different populations is crucial for unravelling temporal variability in population spatial structuring and for identifying environmental drivers of population dynamics acting at different spatio-temporal scales. We performed a large-scale individual-based migration tracking study of an Afro-Palaearctic migratory raptor, to determine the patterns of migratory connectivity of European breeding populations. Location: Europe, Africa. Methods: Migration data were recorded using different devices (geolocators, satellite transmitters, Global Positioning System dataloggers) from 87 individuals breeding in the three core European populations, located in the Iberian, Italian and Balkan peninsulas. We estimated connectivity by the Mantel correlation coefficient (rM), and computed both the degree of separation between the non-breeding areas of individuals from the same population (i.e. the population spread) and the relative size of the non-breeding range (i.e. the non-breeding range spread). Results: European lesser kestrels migrated on a broad front across the Mediterranean Sea and Sahara Desert, with different populations using different routes. Iberian birds migrated to western Sahel (Senegal, Mauritania, western Mali), Balkan birds migrated chiefly to central-eastern Sahel (Niger, Nigeria, Chad), whereas Italian ones spread from eastern Mali to Nigeria. Spatial differentiation of non-breeding areas led to a strong migratory connectivity (rM =.58), associated with a relatively high population (637 km) and non-breeding range (1,149 km) spread. Main conclusions: Our comprehensive analysis of the non-breeding distribution of European lesser kestrel populations revealed a strong migratory connectivity, a rare occurrence in long-distance avian migrants. The geographical conformation of the species’ breeding and non-breeding ranges, together with broad-front migration across ecological barriers, promoted the differentiation of migratory routes and non-breeding areas. Strong connectivity could then arise because of both high population spread and broad non-breeding range. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons Lt