Harm avoidance or blame avoidance? The effect of priming on reactions to single and repeat robbery victims

Victims often do not receive the social support they need or expect from their peers. Explanations have focused on the just world hypothesis and defensive attribution, which involve two distinct motivational goals: harm avoidance and blame avoidance. It has been argued that similarity between victim and supporter is what determines which goal the supporter will adopt, but there may be other cues that can activate these motivational goals. The current study made use of mindset priming as a mechanism to increase the accessibility of these goals. Participants (N = 217) were either primed with harm avoidance, blame avoidance, or neutral priming and read vignettes describing a robbery victim who was either robbed once or twice, and either took preventative actions or did not. Results suggested that priming of motivational goals had only marginal effects on participants' attributions, evaluations, and supportive intentions towards the victim. The data provided evidence of a defensive attribution effect, such that victims who took preventative actions were perceived as more similar, and blamed less than victims who took no actions. In addition, repeat victims were blamed more than single victims only when they were dissimilar

Control temperature error analysis

The objectives of this report is to present the results of an analysis of the possible errors in temperature that might accrue depending upon which of several methods of determining temperature for control purposes is used

A Landslide Climate Indicator from Machine Learning

In order to create a Landslide Hazard Index, we accessed rain, snow, and a dozen other variables from the National Climate Assessment Land Data Assimilation System. These predictors were converted to probabilities of landslide occurrence with XGBoost, a major machine-learning tool. The model was fitted with thousands of historical landslides from the Pacific Northwest Landslide Inventory (PNLI)

The drag characteristics of several airships determined by deceleration tests

This report presents the results of deceleration tests conducted for the purpose of determining the drag characteristics of six airships. The tests were made with airships of various shapes and sizes belonging to the Army, the Navy, and the Goodyear-Zeppelin Corporation. Drag coefficients for the following airships are shown: Army TC-6, TC-10, and TE-2; Navy Los Angeles and ZMC-2; Goodyear Puritan. The coefficients vary from about 0.045 for the small blunt airships to 0.023 for the relatively large slender Los Angeles. This variation may be due to a combination of effects, but the most important of these is probably the effect of length-diameter ratio

Maneuverability Investigation of an O3U-1 Observation Airplane

This report presents the results of maneuverability tests of an O3U-1 observation airplane. This investigation is the third in a series of similar investigations requested by the Bureau of Aeronautics (Navy) for the purpose of comparing the maneuverability of different airplane types and to provide quantitative data for use in establishing a criterion or method for rating the maneuverability of an airplane. The two former investigations were conducted with the fighter types designated F6C-3 and F6C-4 and have been reported previously. Measurement of the air speed, the angular velocity, the linear acceleration, and positions of the controls were made during abrupt single-control maneuvers with three stop positions for each control, during steady horizontal turns for the determination of minimum radius, and during 180 degree turns by various methods. Flight-path coordinates in two dimensions were determined for the 180 degree turns by means of a special camera obscura designed for the previous investigation of the F6C-4 airplane. All maneuvers were performed at an altitude of approximately 3,000 feet

Controlling the uncontrolled: Are there incidental experimenter effects on physiologic responding?

The degree to which experimenters shape participant behavior has long been of interest in experimental social science research. Here, we extend this question to the domain of peripheral psychophysiology, where experimenters often have direct, physical contact with participants, yet researchers do not consistently test for their influence. We describe analytic tools for examining experimenter effects in peripheral physiology. Using these tools, we investigate nine data sets totaling 1,341 participants and 160 experimenters across different roles (e.g., lead research assistants, evaluators, confederates) to demonstrate how researchers can test for experimenter effects in participant autonomic nervous system activity during baseline recordings and reactivity to study tasks. Our results showed (a) little to no significant variance in participants' physiological reactivity due to their experimenters, and (b) little to no evidence that three characteristics of experimenters that are well known to shape interpersonal interactions-status (using five studies with 682 total participants), gender (using two studies with 359 total participants), and race (in two studies with 554 total participants)-influenced participants' physiology. We highlight several reasons that experimenter effects in physiological data are still cause for concern, including the fact that experimenters in these studies were already restricted on a number of characteristics (e.g., age, education). We present recommendations for examining and reducing experimenter effects in physiological data and discuss implications for replication

Single electron-phonon interaction in a suspended quantum dot phonon cavity

An electron-phonon cavity consisting of a quantum dot embedded in a free-standing GaAs/AlGaAs membrane is characterized in Coulomb blockade measurements at low temperatures. We find a complete suppression of single electron tunneling around zero bias leading to the formation of an energy gap in the transport spectrum. The observed effect is induced by the excitation of a localized phonon mode confined in the cavity. This phonon blockade of transport is lifted at magnetic fields where higher electronic states with nonzero angular momentum are brought into resonance with the phonon energy.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

The triggering of psychosis and its clinical treatment in substitutive mental health equipment: A theoretical contribution in the Freudian perspective

The present study goal was to build a framework based on the Freudian psychoanalysis in order to understand the psychosis mode OF production. The methodology consisted of content analysis of terms related to the concept studied, Based on the assumption that the psychotic symptoms are a result of a fixation on the primary narcissism, we conclude that the fusion of life and death pulses, as well as the egoic constitution through identification processes in the oral phase, can keep the individual tied to primitive figures of identification and prevent him(er) from making new libidinal investments, which lead the individual to feel a constant threat and death in life. The attempts made by the psychotic person to escape from this state of death and to relate with external reality are expressed in forms known as symptoms, such as delusions and aggressiveness.15594294

Hair cortisol concentrations in relation to ill-being and well-being in healthy young and old females

Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) provides a retrospective measure of long-term (i.e. over a period of months) cortisol secretion and has been shown to be elevated in relation to chronic stress conditions. However associations in healthy participants with subjective ill-being are less clear and associations with well-being have not been explored. The current study examined HCC in relation to independent comprehensive measures of illbeing (stress, depression, anxiety) and well-being (subjective happiness, life satisfaction, psychological wellbeing) in healthy young and old females (mean ± SD: 19.5 ± 2.2 years and 78.6 ± 6.7 years respectively, total N = 115). The data supported evidence of increased total cortisol secretion with increased age. No association between ill-being and HCC was found in either the young or older group of participants. A positive association between HCC and well-being was found in the older participant group which was independent of ill-being and potential confounds. These findings do not support associations between HCC and ill-being in healthy young or old females. However the results suggest that HCC is able to distinguish levels of well-being in healthy older females

Strawberry cultivars performance in contrasting cropping conditions in Tucumán (Argentina) = Comportamiento de cultivares de fresa en condiciones de cultivo contrastantes en Tucumán (Argentina)

Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) production in Argentina takes place in a wide environmental range, being characterized by the coexistence of different production systems, limitations to technology access by small-scale growers, and by the foreign origin of the cultivars used. In 2021, a study was conducted to evaluate the adaptability of a set of strawberry cultivars to two contrasting cropping conditions in Tucumán, Argentina, in order to increase the current knowledge about genotype response to sub-optimal growing situations. The study included two locations, Padilla (Famaillá, Tucumán) and El Manantial (Lules, Tucumán), that share climate (CWa), soil conditions, and surrounding landscapes. In Padilla, plants were grown under the recommended strawberry farming practices (RSFP), and in El Manantial, plants were subjected to resource-limited cropping conditions (RLCC). The cultivars evaluated were ‘Benicia’, ‘Fronteras’, ‘Monterey’, ‘Petaluma’, ‘Rábida’ and ‘Rociera’. Fruit number (both total and marketable), % of marketable fruit (%MKTF), average marketable fruit weight, and yield were recorded. There were statistical differences between production systems for all the variables, in favor of RSFP. Not all the evaluated cultivars had the same production pattern in both experimental conditions, showing significant cultivar x cropping condition interactions. ‘Rociera’ and ‘Rábida’ had the best performance under RSFP; and ‘Rábida’ and ‘Fronteras’ under RLCC. ‘Rociera’ and ‘Benicia’ were the most affected cultivars under RLCC. In summary, ‘Rábida’ was the cultivar that maintained a high relative performance in both growing conditions.La producción de fresa o frutilla (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) en Argentina se desarrolla en un amplio rango ambiental, caracterizándose por la coexistencia de diferentes sistemas productivos, escaso acceso a tecnología por parte de pequeños productores y por el origen extranjero de los cultivares utilizados. En 2021, se evaluó la adaptabilidad de distintos cultivares de fresa a dos condiciones de cultivo contrastantes en Tucumán (Argentina), procurando incrementar el conocimiento actual sobre la respuesta del genotipo a situaciones de cultivo subóptimas. El trabajo incluyó dos localidades, Padilla (Famaillá) y El Manantial (Lules), que comparten clima (CWa), condiciones de suelo y paisajes circundantes. En Padilla, el ensayo se condujo acorde a prácticas recomendadas para el cultivo de frutilla (RSFP). En El Manantial, las plantas se sometieron a condiciones de cultivo restringidas (RLCC). Los cultivares evaluados fueron: ‘Benicia’, ‘Fronteras’, ‘Monterey’, ‘Petaluma’, ‘Rábida’ y ‘Rociera’, registrándose número de frutos totales y comerciales (% frutos comerciales), peso promedio de frutos comerciales y rendimiento. Hubo diferencias estadísticas entre los sistemas productivos para todas las variables analizadas, a favor de RSFP. No todos los cultivares tuvieron el mismo patrón de producción en ambas condiciones experimentales, mostrando interacciones significativas cultivar x condición de cultivo. Se destacaron por mejor desempeño ‘Rociera’ y ‘Rábida’ bajo RSFP, y 'Rábida' y 'Fronteras' bajo RLCC. ‘Rociera’ y ‘Benicia’ fueron los cultivares más afectados bajo RLCC. En síntesis, ‘Rábida’ sobresalió por mostrar un desempeño relativo alto en ambas condiciones de crecimiento.EEA FamailláFil: Kirschbaum, Daniel Santiago. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; ArgentinaFil: Kirschbaum, Daniel Santiago. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia. Cátedra de Horticultura; ArgentinaFil: Quiroga, Rolando Jose. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; ArgentinaFil: Funes, Claudia Fernanda. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; ArgentinaFil: Villagra, Elizabeth L. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia. Cátedra de Horticultura; Argentin