Three-Qubit Gate Realization Using Single Quantum Particle

Using virtual spin formalism it is shown that a quantum particle with eight energy levels can store three qubits. The formalism allows to realize a universal set of quantum gates. Feasible formalism implementation is suggested which uses nuclear spin-7/2 as a storage medium and radio frequency pulses as the gates. One pulse realization of all universal gates has been found, including three-qubit Toffoli gate.Comment: LaTeX, 6 pages, no figures; Submitted to "Pis'ma v Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz.

Change and continuity in German relations with the East

This paper will look at the history of German relations with the East in an attempt to gain insight into the future of German-East European relations. Change and continuity in German relations with the East from the original German colonization of Eastern Europe during the Middle Ages until the present will be examined. Special attention will be paid to the historical, geographical, and economic factors that have influenced German behavior. The paper will attempt to show that the East has always held an attraction and fascination for the Germans, an attraction that has often led to German efforts to dominate the region. These efforts culminated in what was to become World War II. Post-1945 German diplomatic relations with the East will also be examined in an effort to show that despite more limited diplomatic options in a bipolarized Europe, the FRG nevertheless maintained an affinity for the East. Finally, present-day relations, as well as prospects for future relations between Germany and the East will be examined

Residual strain in free-standing CdTe nanowires overgrown with HgTe

We investigate the crystal properties of CdTe nanowires overgrown with HgTe. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) confirm, that the growth results in a high ensemble uniformity and that the individual heterostructures are single-crystalline, respectively. We use high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) to investigate strain, caused by the small lattice mismatch between the two materials. We find that both CdTe and HgTe show changes in lattice constant compared to the respective bulk lattice constants. The measurements reveal a complex strain pattern with signatures of both uniaxial and shear strains present in the overgrown nanowires

Particle acceleration due to shocks in the interplanetary field: High time resolution data and simulation results

Data were examined from two experiments aboard the Explorer 50 (IMP 8) spacecraft. The Johns Hopkins University/Applied Lab Charged Particle Measurement Experiment (CPME) provides 10.12 second resolution ion and electron count rates as well as 5.5 minute or longer averages of the same, with data sampled in the ecliptic plane. The high time resolution of the data allows for an explicit, point by point, merging of the magnetic field and particle data and thus a close examination of the pre- and post-shock conditions and particle fluxes associated with large angle oblique shocks in the interplanetary field. A computer simulation has been developed wherein sample particle trajectories, taken from observed fluxes, are allowed to interact with a planar shock either forward or backward in time. One event, the 1974 Day 312 shock, is examined in detail

Engineering Start-Up Packages: Mixed Methods Analysis of Composition and Implications for Early-Career Professional Formation

This paper is an evidence-based practice paper. In competitive research environments, many universities and engineering colleges utilize start-up or recruitment packages to attract potential candidates. These costs are distributed across multiple cost centers within the university ecosystem. Potential engineering faculty candidates may sign a probationary contract and are provided with role statements during onboarding processes. Within the role statement, research has been the primary area that is catalyzed with start-up funding. Typically, start-up funding has prescribed purposes by category. According to the 2019 American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) Engineering Research Council (ERC) Startup Package Survey, 77.6% of the start-up packages were negotiated by categories. While start-up packages are well-known tools for recruitment in engineering, their composition, categories and cost-center distribution are less well described. Methods: Start-up packages (n=29) for assistant tenure-track engineering faculty hired between 2013-2019 within a midsize college of engineering at an emerging R1 were analyzed. The mixed methods study utilized descriptive analysis, themes and tree map charts to conceptualize and characterize the categories used. The study examined one question: How are the categories of assistant tenure track engineering faculty start-up packages different or similar across multiple departments? Results: The study contributes to the knowledge about early career engineering faculty professional formation. Specifically, the study revealed start-up packages as critical stimuli for the transition from graduate/postdoctoral student to paid assistant tenure track professor. Start-up package negotiations occurred where there are expectations and actions that are formative and not well described a priori. Discussion: Assistant tenure track professors had start-up packages that varied by department between 2013-2019. This study acknowledged that the seven cohorts did not all begin with the same start-ups within their six-year cycle. Some departments provided new candidates with less than $100,000 each while others invested over$430,000 per candidate. Based on the data, the survey and other secondary data examined some general recommendations were identified. Importantly, the data may be seen as a starting point for having informed conversations with others in the ecosystem and engineering faculty who are mentoring students and early career faculty. Limitations: The limitations of the study are that the data were sampled from early career faculty in the western US which may have different costs of living depending on the area. The data were collected as secondary data to demonstrate the significant investments institutions have in early career faculty and that this was a potential motivator and/or variable for grant writing and research

Improved inoculants for lentil

Non-Peer ReviewedThe effectiveness of the available commercial inoculants for lentil, Rhizogen, Enftx-L (Esso), Nitragin 'C', and Grip (Inotec) were compared with three inoculants which contained the rhizobia strains of 99A1, ICAR 20, and 92A3. Lentil inoculated with a sterile inoculant was used as the control. Total dry matter, total grain yield, percent total N and total N was determined At seven sites, an average grain yield for lentil was observed whereas for two sites yield was below average. Inoculant containing 99A1 and ICAR 20 an overall increase in grain yield by 14 % as compared with Nitragin 'C', strain 99A3 with 9 %, and Enftx-L with 7 %. The average grain yield of all nine sites for lentil inoculated with Grip and Rhizogen showed an insignificant decrease of 2 and 3 % as compared with lentil inoculated with Nitragin 'C'

Coherent control of collective spontaneous emission in an extended atomic ensemble and quantum storage

Coherent control of collective spontaneous emission in an extended atomic ensemble resonantly interacting with single-photon wave packets is analyzed. A scheme for coherent manipulation of collective atomic states is developed such that superradiant states of the atomic system can be converted into subradiant ones and vice versa. Possible applications of such a scheme for optical quantum state storage and single-photon wave packet shaping are discussed. It is shown that also in the absence of inhomogeneous broadening of the resonant line, single-photon wave packets with arbitrary pulse shape may be recorded as a subradiant state and reconstructed even although the duration of the wave packets is larger than the superradiant life-time. Specifically the applicability for storing time-bin qubits, which are used in quantum cryptography is analyzed.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures, submitted to PR

Evaluation of the effectiveness of Rhizobium leguminosarum strains for pea under field conditions

Non-Peer ReviewedOne hundred and eight isolates of Rhizobium leguminosarum were screened for effectiveness for pea under controlled environments. Eight superior strains plus the commercially available pea inoculants, Nitragin 'C', Grip-Inotec, and Rhizogen were tested at Waldheim and Brooksby for effectiveness with Tipu and Trapper pea as host plants. The experiment was a RCBD, laid out as a split plot with the two pea varieties as main plot treatments and rhizobia! strain as the subplot treatments, replicated four times. At Waldheim total dry matter ranged from 2429 kg/ha for uninoculated Trapper to 4024 kg/ha for Tipu inoculated with strain 128C79. Grain yield ranged from 1046 kg/ha for Trapper inoculated with strain 175G3 to 1665 kg/ha for Tipu inoculated with strain 175G3. Total grain-N ranged from 33.7 kg/ha for uninoculated Tipu to 55.5 kg/ha for. Trapper inoculated with strain 128C56G. At this site, strain 175G3 appears to be a superior strain for Tipu but is the least effective strain tested for Trapper. At Brooks by, no significant differences due to strain or cultivar were observed. Values for total dry matter, grain yield, and total N were around 75 % of those values found at Waldheim. A survey to assess nodulation was carried out and all uninoculated pea were nodulated. This would indicate the presence of indigenous R. leguminosarum nodulating pea or possible cross contamination from adjacent plots. The below average yield and the absence of a yield response due to inoculation can largely be attributed to the extreme dry weather occurring at both sites. Nodulation of the uninoculated control has also reduced the effect of inoculation on yield