525 research outputs found
Grip op Mycosphaerella in komkommer
Mycosphaerella is de afgelopen jaren een toenemend probleem geworden en komt breed voor bij alle telers met verschillende teeltsystemen. De schade ten gevolge van Mycosphaerella verschilt per bedrijf, maar kan bij ernstige aantastingen oplopen naar € 1,10 per m2. Chemische bestrijding is lastig door het slinkende middelenpakket en het optreden van resistentieontwikkeling. Sturen op teelt- en klimaatmaatregelen is eveneens beperkt in perioden met een hoge infectiedruk. In opdracht van de landelijke commissie komkommer hebben Wageningen UR Glastuinbouw, Adviesbureau Aleid Dik en DLV Plant in de zomermaanden een kennisinventarisatie uitgevoerd over Mycosphaerella in de teelt van komkommer. Dit project had tevens tot doel om de witte vlekken in kennis op dit gebied aan te geven om hieruit suggesties te formuleren voor vervolgonderzoek. Via een brochure is de verzamelde kennis toegankelijk gemaakt voor telers en adviseurs. Brochure In de brochure zijn de uitkomsten van het onderzoek kort weergegeven met duidelijke en praktische tips om de kans op infectie van Mycosphaerella zoveel mogelijk te voorkomen. Daarin wordt ook antwoord gegeven op de meest actuele vragen die naar voren zijn gekomen uit de gesprekken met telers en adviseurs. Inhoud rapport Dit rapport geeft een compleet en actueel overzicht van alle beschikbare informatie uit de vakbladen en (inter)nationale literatuur. Daarnaast is deze kennis aangevuld met kennis vanuit de praktijk. Hiervoor zijn telefonische interviews gehouden met telers, adviseurs, fabrikanten en veredelaars. In het discussiehoofdstuk wordt afgewogen hoeveel van de beschikbare kennis uiteindelijk wordt gebruikt door telers en adviseurs en waar kansen om infectie te voorkomen nog onbenut blijven. Witte vlekken & vervolgonderzoek Opvallend zijn het grote aantal witte vlekken met betrekking tot factoren die het infectieproces van inwendig vruchtrot beïnvloeden en de tegenstrijdige resultaten tussen onderzoeken. Sturing met klimaatfactoren geeft tussen onderzoekers onderling tegenstrijdige resultaten (bijv. verband tussen plantbelasting en inwendig vruchtrot). Een grote onbekende is verder de invloed van worteldruk, omdat dit tot dusver nooit goed direct te meten was. Vanuit de praktijk leven er vragen als: Wat is de invloed van overgangsmomenten in plantbelasting? Wat is de effectiviteit van gewasbeschermingsmiddelen specifiek tegen Mycosphaerella ? Wat is het juiste klimaat en watergeefstrategie om aantasting te voorkomen? Adviezen voor vervolgonderzoeken zijn ondermeer om te investeren in een waarschuwingssysteem (zodat tijdig bijgestuurd kan worden op teelt- en klimaatfactoren) en om gewasbeschermingsmiddelen gericht te testen op hun effectiviteit tegen Mycosphaerella. Conclusies Op korte termijn zijn er nieuwe middelen ter verwachten tegen Mycosphaerella die weinig gevoelig zijn voor resistentieontwikkeling. Toch blijft het zaak om nog meer aandacht te besteden aan preventie van Mycosphaerella door bijvoorbeeld te kiezen voor een cultivar met kleine bloemen en te letten op een nog effectievere sturing van teelt- en klimaatfactoren
Midgut neuroendocrine tumor patients have a depleted gut microbiome with a discriminative signature
Rationale: When compared to other types of cancer, the prevalence of midgut neuroendocrine tumors (NET) has disproportionally increased over the past decades. To date, there has been very little progress in discovering (epi)genetic drivers and treatment options for these tumors. Recent microbiome research has revealed that enteroendocrine cells communicate with the intestinal microbiome and has provided novel treatment targets for various other cancer types. Hence, our aim was to analyze the role of the gut microbiome in midgut NET patients. Methods: Fecal samples, prospectively collected from patients and control subjects, were analyzed with next generation 16S sequencing. Patients with neuroendocrine carcinomas and recent antibiotics use were excluded. Relevant variables were extracted from questionnaires and electronic health records. Microbial composition was compared between patients and controls as well as between groups within the patient cohort. Results: 87 midgut NET patients and 95 controls were included. Midgut NET patients had a less rich and diverse gut microbiome than controls (p < 0.001). Moreover, we identified 31 differentially abundant species and a gut microbial signature consisting of 17 species that was predictive of midgut NET presence with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.863. Gut microbial composition was not directly associated with the presence of the carcinoid syndrome, tumor grade or multifocality. Nonetheless, we did observe a potential link between microbial diversity and the presence of carcinoid syndrome symptoms within the subset of patients with elevated 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid levels. Conclusion: Midgut NET patients have an altered gut microbiome which suggests a role in NET development and could provide novel targets for microbiome-based diagnostics and therapeutics.</p
A case of antibody formation against octreotide visualized with <sup>111</sup>In-octreotide scintigraphy
A case of antibody formation in a patient with carcinoid syndrome is described. The patient was treated with octreotide in dosages up to 1.5 mg/day. Serum samples were analysed for the presence of octreotide antibodies before and after 20 months of octreotide treatment. In-vivo 111In-octreotide scintigraphy was performed before and during therapy, and after antibodies had developed. Before treatment, no serum antibodies against octreotide were detected. After 20 months of treatment, they were detectable up to a 1:115 serum dilution. The serum binding of 125I-Tyr3-octreotide was blocked by adding excess unlabelled Tyr3-octreotide, indicating the presence of specific octreotide antibodies. Before treatment, a normal distribution of radioactivity in the spleen and kidneys, irregular uptake in the liver due to metastases, and a hot spot in the lower abdomen were found during 111In-octreotide scintigraphy. After antibodies had developed, increased radioactivity over the heart and high background radioactivity in the abdomen with only faint visualization of the spleen, liver, and kidneys were found, indicating a prolonged presence of 111In-octreotide in the blood resulting from its being bound to antibodies. Increased radioactivity was also seen at the injection sites of the drug in the upper legs. In-vitro incubation of biopsy tissue from this site with 125I-Tyr3-octreotide revealed diffuse guanosine triphosphate (GTP) independent specific binding non-G-protein linked binding of labelled octreotide. This report describes the characteristic abnormalities during in-vivo 111In-octreotide scintigraphy in a patient with octreotide antibodies. These consisted of high background radioactivity due to prolonged circulation of antibody coupled 111In-octreotide together with visualization of the injection sites, which most probably results from local accumulation of antibodies.</p
A case of antibody formation against octreotide visualized with <sup>111</sup>In-octreotide scintigraphy
A case of antibody formation in a patient with carcinoid syndrome is described. The patient was treated with octreotide in dosages up to 1.5 mg/day. Serum samples were analysed for the presence of octreotide antibodies before and after 20 months of octreotide treatment. In-vivo 111In-octreotide scintigraphy was performed before and during therapy, and after antibodies had developed. Before treatment, no serum antibodies against octreotide were detected. After 20 months of treatment, they were detectable up to a 1:115 serum dilution. The serum binding of 125I-Tyr3-octreotide was blocked by adding excess unlabelled Tyr3-octreotide, indicating the presence of specific octreotide antibodies. Before treatment, a normal distribution of radioactivity in the spleen and kidneys, irregular uptake in the liver due to metastases, and a hot spot in the lower abdomen were found during 111In-octreotide scintigraphy. After antibodies had developed, increased radioactivity over the heart and high background radioactivity in the abdomen with only faint visualization of the spleen, liver, and kidneys were found, indicating a prolonged presence of 111In-octreotide in the blood resulting from its being bound to antibodies. Increased radioactivity was also seen at the injection sites of the drug in the upper legs. In-vitro incubation of biopsy tissue from this site with 125I-Tyr3-octreotide revealed diffuse guanosine triphosphate (GTP) independent specific binding non-G-protein linked binding of labelled octreotide. This report describes the characteristic abnormalities during in-vivo 111In-octreotide scintigraphy in a patient with octreotide antibodies. These consisted of high background radioactivity due to prolonged circulation of antibody coupled 111In-octreotide together with visualization of the injection sites, which most probably results from local accumulation of antibodies.</p
Grip op Mycosphaerella in komkommer : beknopte weergave van beschikbare kennis
Mycosphaerella is de afgelopen jaren een toenemend probleem geworden en komt breed voor bij alle telers met verschillende teeltsystemen. De schade ten gevolge van Mycosphaerella verschilt per bedrijf, maar kan bij ernstige aantastingen oplopen naar € 1,10 per m2. Chemische bestrijding is lastig door het slinkende middelenpakket en het optreden van resistentieontwikkeling. Sturen op teelt- en klimaatmaatregelen is eveneens beperkt in perioden met een hoge infectiedruk. In opdracht van de landelijke commissie komkommer hebben Wageningen UR Glastuinbouw, Adviesbureau Aleid Dik en DLV Plant in de zomermaanden een kennisinventarisatie uitgevoerd over Mycosphaerella in de teelt van komkommer. Dit project had tevens tot doel om de witte vlekken in kennis op dit gebied aan te geven om hieruit suggesties te formuleren voor vervolgonderzoek. Via een brochure is de verzamelde kennis toegankelijk gemaakt voor telers en adviseurs. Brochure In de brochure zijn de uitkomsten van het onderzoek kort weergegeven met duidelijke en praktische tips om de kans op infectie van Mycosphaerella zoveel mogelijk te voorkomen. Daarin wordt ook antwoord gegeven op de meest actuele vragen die naar voren zijn gekomen uit de gesprekken met telers en adviseurs. Inhoud rapport Dit rapport geeft een compleet en actueel overzicht van alle beschikbare informatie uit de vakbladen en (inter)nationale literatuur. Daarnaast is deze kennis aangevuld met kennis vanuit de praktijk. Hiervoor zijn telefonische interviews gehouden met telers, adviseurs, fabrikanten en veredelaars. In het discussiehoofdstuk wordt afgewogen hoeveel van de beschikbare kennis uiteindelijk wordt gebruikt door telers en adviseurs en waar kansen om infectie te voorkomen nog onbenut blijven. Witte vlekken & vervolgonderzoek Opvallend zijn het grote aantal witte vlekken met betrekking tot factoren die het infectieproces van inwendig vruchtrot beïnvloeden en de tegenstrijdige resultaten tussen onderzoeken. Sturing met klimaatfactoren geeft tussen onderzoekers onderling tegenstrijdige resultaten (bijv. verband tussen plantbelasting en inwendig vruchtrot). Een grote onbekende is verder de invloed van worteldruk, omdat dit tot dusver nooit goed direct te meten was. Vanuit de praktijk leven er vragen als: Wat is de invloed van overgangsmomenten in plantbelasting? Wat is de effectiviteit van gewasbeschermingsmiddelen specifiek tegen Mycosphaerella ? Wat is het juiste klimaat en watergeefstrategie om aantasting te voorkomen? Adviezen voor vervolgonderzoeken zijn ondermeer om te investeren in een waarschuwingssysteem (zodat tijdig bijgestuurd kan worden op teelt- en klimaatfactoren) en om gewasbeschermingsmiddelen gericht te testen op hun effectiviteit tegen Mycosphaerella. Conclusies Op korte termijn zijn er nieuwe middelen ter verwachten tegen Mycosphaerella die weinig gevoelig zijn voor resistentieontwikkeling. Toch blijft het zaak om nog meer aandacht te besteden aan preventie van Mycosphaerella door bijvoorbeeld te kiezen voor een cultivar met kleine bloemen en te letten op een nog effectievere sturing van teelt- en klimaatfactoren
Solitary pulmonary metastasis from prostate sarcomatoid cancer
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Pulmonary metastasis from prostate cancer is considered to be a late event, and patients can be treated with chemotherapy or hormonal manipulation. However, there has been only a few reports on surgical resection for pulmonary metastasis from prostate cancer.</p> <p>Case Presentation</p> <p>We present a surgical case of solitary pulmonary metastasis from prostate cancer. A 73-year-old man underwent pelvic evisceration for prostate cancer. Histopathological examination revealed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with a sarcomatoid carcinoma component. During postoperative follow-up, chest computed tomography showed a nodular shadow in the lung, and thoracoscopic wedge resection of the lung was performed. Histopathological examination revealed a histological appearance similar to that of the prostate sarcomatoid carcinoma. This is the first reported case of solitary pulmonary metastasis from prostate sarcomatoid cancer.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Isolated pulmonary metastasis from prostate sarcomatoid cancer is extremely rare, but surgery could be the treatment of choice.</p
Effectiviteitstest van producten tegen Mycosphaerella in komkommer
Wageningen UR Glastuinbouw en DLV Plant hebben in het voorjaar van 2012 de werking van biologische en chemische producten getest tegen Mycosphaerella in komkommer. Dit project is gefinancierd door Productschap Tuinbouw. Een laboratoriumtest op kunstmatige voedingsbodems liet zien dat biologische producten bij een preventieve toepassing even goed als chemische producten in staat zijn om groei van Mycosphaerella (bijna) volledig te voorkomen. De experimentele chemische producten van Certis en BASF geven in een kasproef met Mycosphaerella stengelaantasting een vergelijkbare werking ten opzichte van de chemische referentie (0.1% Rocket) en gaven een sterke remming van de lesiegrootte (resp. 93 en 75%) ten opzichte van de onbehandelde controle. Alle geteste biologische producten en het experimentele product van Syngenta gaven een remmende werking op de lesiegroei ten opzichte van de onbehandelde (besmette) controle, maar waren in deze proef minder effectief dan de chemische producten van Certis en BASF. Vervolgonderzoek is nodig om betrouwbare uitspraken te kunnen doen over de de effectiviteit ter voorkoming van Mycosphaerella bloeminfectie
In active acromegaly, IGF1 bioactivity is related to soluble Klotho levels and quality of life
The value of measuring IGF1 bioactivity in active acromegaly is unknown. Soluble Klotho (S-Klotho) level is elevated in active acromegaly and it has been suggested that S-Klotho can inhibit activation of the IGF1 receptor (IGF1R). A cross-sectional study was carried out in 15 patients with active acromegaly based on clinical presentation, unsuppressed GH during an oral glucose tolerance test, and elevated total IGF1 levels (>+2 s.d.). Total IGF1 was measured by immunoassay, IGF1 bioactivity by the IGF1R kinase receptor activation assay and S-Klotho by an ELISA. Quality of Life (QoL) was assessed by Acromegaly QoL (AcroQoL) Questionnaire and Short-Form-36 Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36). Out of 15 patients, nine had IGF1 bioactivity values within the reference range. S-Klotho was higher in active acromegaly compared with controls. Age-adjusted S-Klotho was significantly related to IGF1 bioactivity (r=0.75, P=0.002) and to total IGF1 (r=0.62, P=0.02). IGF1 bioactivity and total IGF1 were inversely related to the physical component summary of the SF-36 (r=−0.78, P=0.002 vs r=−0.60, P=0.03). Moreover, IGF1 bioactivity, but not total IGF1, was significantly inversely related to the physical dimension of the AcroQoL Questionnaire (r=−0.60, P=0.02 vs r=−0.37, P=0.19). In contrast to total IGF1, IGF1 bioactivity was within the reference range in a considerable number of subjects with active acromegaly. Elevated S-Klotho levels may have reduced IGF1 bioactivity. Moreover, IGF1 bioactivity was more strongly related to physical measures of QoL than total IGF1, suggesting that IGF1 bioactivity may better reflect physical limitations perceived in active acromegaly
Adolescent weak decoders writing in a shallow orthography: process and product
It has been hypothesised that students with dyslexia struggle with writing because of a word level focus that reduces attention to higher level textual features (structure, theme development). This may result from difficulties with spelling and/or from difficulties with reading. 26 Norwegian upper secondary students (M = 16.9 years) with weak decoding skills and 26 age-matched controls composed expository texts by keyboard under two conditions: normally and with letters masked to prevent them reading what they were writing. Weak decoders made more spelling errors and produced poorer quality text. Their inter key-press latencies were substantially longer pre-word, at word-end, and within-word. These findings provide some support for the word-level focus hypothesis, although we found that weak decoders were slightly less likely to engage in word-level editing. Masking did not affect differences between weak decoders and controls indicating that reduced fluency was associated with production rather than monitoring what they had produced
The association of diabetes mellitus and insulin treatment with expression of insulin-related proteins in breast tumors
BACKGROUND: The insulin receptor (INSR) and the insulin growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) play important roles in the etiology of both diabetes mellitus and breast cancer. We aimed to evaluate the expression of hormone and insulin-related proteins within or related to the PI3K and MAPK pathway in breast tumors of women with or without diabetes mellitus, treated with or without insulin (analogues). METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was performed on tumor tissue of 312 women with invasive breast cancer, with or without pre-existing diabetes mellitus, diagnosed in 2000-2010, who were randomly selected from a Danish breast cancer cohort. Women with diabetes were 2:1 frequency matched by year of birth and age at breast cancer diagnosis to those without diabetes. Tumor Microarrays were successfully stained for p-ER, EGFR, p-ERK1/2, p-mTOR, and IGF1R, and scored by a breast pathologist. Associations of expression of these proteins with diabetes, insulin treatment (human insulin and insulin analogues) and other diabetes medication were evaluated by multivariable logistic regression adjusting for menopause and BMI; effect modification by menopausal status, BMI, and ER status was assessed using interactions terms. RESULTS: We found no significant differences in expression of any of the proteins in breast tumors of women with (n = 211) and without diabetes (n = 101). Among women with diabetes, insulin use (n = 53) was significantly associated with higher tumor protein expression of IGF1R (OR = 2.36; 95%CI:1.02-5.52; p = 0.04) and p-mTOR (OR = 2.35; 95%CI:1.13-4.88; p = 0.02), especially among women treated with insulin analogues. Menopause seemed to modified the association between insulin and IGF1R expression (p = 0.07); the difference in IGF1R expression was only observed in tumors of premenopausal women (OR = 5.10; 95%CI:1.36-19.14; p = 0.02). We found no associations between other types of diabetes medication, such as metformin, and protein expression of the five proteins evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, breast tumors of women with pre-existing diabetes did not show an altered expression of selected PI3K/MAPK pathway-related proteins. We observed an association between insulin treatment and increased p-mTOR and IGF1R expression of breast tumors, especially in premenopausal women. This observation, if confirmed, might be clinically relevant since the use of IGF1R and mTOR inhibitors are currently investigated in clinical trials
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