Chemical conversion treatments to protect biodegradable magnesium in applications as temporary implants for bone repair

7 páginas, 7 figuras, 1 tabla.[ES] El presente estudio se desarrolló para mejorar la resistencia a la corrosión del magnesio puro, modificando su superficie mediante recubrimientos de conversión química. Se generaron capas de carbonato y fluoruro por inmersión en soluciones de NaHCO3 al 9 % y de HF al 48 %, respectivamente. La resistencia a la corrosión de las muestras con recubrimiento se evaluó en comparación con la del sustrato desnudo mediante técnicas electroquímicas en una solución fisiológica (PBS). Los resultados obtenidos han mostrado que el recubrimiento de carbonato no es capaz de proteger de la degradación al sustrato de magnesio. Por el contrario, el recubrimiento de fluoruro ha demostrado aumentar, significativamente, la resistencia a la corrosión del magnesio en medio fisiológico. La alta compacidad y adherencia al sustrato metálico de la capa de MgF2 generada mediante este sencillo tratamiento de conversión química confieren al recubrimiento buenas propiedades protectoras.[EN] The present study was developed to improve the corrosion resistance of pure magnesium by applying chemical conversion coatings. Carbonate and fluoride layers were generated by immersion in solutions of NaHCO3 of concentration 9 wt.%and HF of concentration 48 wt.%, respectively. Corrosion resistance of the coated samples was evaluated in comparison with that of the uncoated substrate by electrochemical techniques in a physiological solution (PBS). Results have shown that the carbonate coating is not viable to be used for protecting magnesium against corrosion.On the contrary, the fluoridemagnesiumcoating significantly increases the corrosion resistance ofmagnesium in physiological medium. The high compactness and adherence to the base metal of theMgF2 layer produced by this simple chemical conversion treatment confer the protective properties to the coating.Los autores agradecen al MEC la financiación del proyecto con referencia MAT 2008-06719-C03-01. M. Carboneras agradece al CSIC la concesión de un contrato JAE-Doc.Peer reviewe

Suicide of physicians. An ignored reality

Hoy se conoce que la tasa de suicidio entre médicos es más elevada que en la población general, en Estados Unidos una revisión halló que la tasa de suicidio en médicos es de 28 a 40 por 100.000, mayor a la presentada en población general de 12,3 por cada 100.0003. Schernhammer, et al. encontraron que el Riesgo Relativo (RR) para suicidio en los hombres médicos era 1,41 (IC del 95% 1,21 a 1,65) y 2,27 (IC de 95% =1,90 a 2,73) para las mujeres médicas, comparado con la población general4. Situación que puede estar subestimada, dado a las malas codificaciones al momento de los registros, por ejemplo, reportando como muerte por intoxicación los casos de suicidio por sobredosis, esto quizás producido por el estigma social que conlleva.Hoy se conoce que la tasa de suicidio entre médicos es más elevada que en la población general, en Estados Unidos una revisión halló que la tasa de suicidio en médicos es de 28 a 40 por 100.000, mayor a la presentada en población general de 12,3 por cada 100.0003. Schernhammer, et al. encontraron que el Riesgo Relativo (RR) para suicidio en los hombres médicos era 1,41 (IC del 95% 1,21 a 1,65) y 2,27 (IC de 95% =1,90 a 2,73) para las mujeres médicas, comparado con la población general4. Situación que puede estar subestimada, dado a las malas codificaciones al momento de los registros, por ejemplo, reportando como muerte por intoxicación los casos de suicidio por sobredosis, esto quizás producido por el estigma social que conlleva.Hoy se conoce que la tasa de suicidio entre médicos es más elevada que en la población general, en Estados Unidos una revisión halló que la tasa de suicidio en médicos es de 28 a 40 por 100.000, mayor a la presentada en población general de 12,3 por cada 100.0003. Schernhammer, et al. encontraron que el Riesgo Relativo (RR) para suicidio en los hombres médicos era 1,41 (IC del 95% 1,21 a 1,65) y 2,27 (IC de 95% =1,90 a 2,73) para las mujeres médicas, comparado con la población general4. Situación que puede estar subestimada, dado a las malas codificaciones al momento de los registros, por ejemplo, reportando como muerte por intoxicación los casos de suicidio por sobredosis, esto quizás producido por el estigma social que conlleva.&nbsp

Flavonoids: Important Biocompounds in Food

Flavonoids are secondary metabolites in plants that show some desirable characteristics. These compounds can be grouped in different classes on the basis of their basic structure. It has been reported that flavonoids are important for human health because of their antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, and anti‐inflammatory activities and because they act as free radical scavengers as they are potential reducing agents that protect from oxidative damage, which are conferred by the content of hydroxyl groups. In recent years, flavonoids have been investigated based on their ability to reduce the incidence of many diseases, to inhibit cell damage, to repair DNA process and to reduce oxidative stress. Besides, flavonoids have been demonstrated to have cardioprotective effects, have potential to improve coronary vasodilatation and prevent LDLs from oxidizing and also showed potential neuroprotective effects. Moreover, flavonoids have been used in the food industry due to their ability to preserve foods, to provide colour and flavour and to make dietary supplements, among other important industrial applications

Analgesia during Parturition in Domestic Animals: Perspectives and Controversies on Its Use

This article analyzes the physiological role of pain during parturition in domestic animals, discusses the controversies surrounding the use of opioids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and local analgesics as treatments during labor, and presents the advantages and disadvantages for mother and offspring. Labor is a potentially stressful and painful event, due to the contractions that promote expulsion of the fetus. During labor, neurotransmitters such as the prostaglandins contribute to the sensitization of oxytocin receptors in the myometrium and the activation of nociceptive fibers, thus supporting the physiological role of pain. Endogenously, the body secretes opioid peptides that modulate harmful stimuli and, at the same time, can inhibit oxytocin’s action in the myometrium. Treating pain during the different stages of parturition is an option that can help prevent such consequences as tachycardia, changes in breathing patterns, and respiratory acidosis, all of which can harm the wellbeing of offspring. However, studies have found that some analgesics can promote myometrial contractility, increase expulsion time, affect fetal circulation, and alter mother–offspring recognition due to hypnotic effects. Other data, however, indicate that reducing the number of uterine contractions with analgesics increases their potency, thus improving maternal performance. Managing pain during labor requires understanding the tocolytic properties of analgesics and their advantages in preventing the consequences of pain.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

POLEN ATMOSFÉRICO DE IMPORTANCIA ALERGOLÓGICA EN EL ÁREA METROPOLITANA DE MONTERREY (NUEVO LEÓN, MÉXICO), DURANTE EL PERIODO MARZO 2003-FEBRERO 2005

The amount of atmospheric pollen ofallergological concern was monitored inthe metropolitan area of Monterrey duringthe period from March 2003 to February2005. Pollen collection was made usinga Hirst type trap (Burkard ManufacturingCo. Ltd., Rickmansworth, UK) placed 15m above the ground over the top of twobuildings. The total count registered duringthe sampling period was 68 962 grains. Themonths of maximum pollen incidence wereFebruary and March 2004 with 13 225 and10 384 grains respectively. The averagemonthly value was 2 873 grains. Taxaof major occurrence and perhaps of mainallergological concern for the metropolitanarea of Monterrey were Fraxinus sp (14 312grains), Cupressaceae-Taxodiaceae (12 448grains), Parietaria pensylvanica (12 354grains) Poaceae (4 808 grains), Celtis sp(3 153 grains), Moraceae (1 806 grains),Pinus sp with 2 693 grains, Ambrosia confertiflora (2 132 grains), Ricinus communiswith 1 697 grains, Amaranthaceae-Chenopodiaceae (1 691 grains), Quercus sp(1 360 grains), Prosopis sp (1 227 grains), Platanus occidentalis (725 grains) andCarya sp with 687 grains.Se estudió la cantidad de polen atmosféricode importancia alergológica presente en elárea metropolitana de Monterrey duranteel periodo de marzo del 2003 a febrero del2005. Para la captura del polen se utilizaroncaptadores volumétricos tipo Hirst (BurkardManufacturing Co. Ltd., Rickmansworth,UK), colocados a una altura aproximada de15 metros en dos edificios en el área metropolitana de Monterrey (AMM). La cantidadtotal de polen registrada durante el periodoestudiado fue de 68 962 granos. Los mesesde máxima incidencia de polen fueron febrero y marzo del 2004 con 13 225 y 10 384granos, respectivamente y con un promediomensual de 2 873 granos. Los taxa de mayorocurrencia y posiblemente de importanciaalergológica para el área metropolitana deMonterrey son Fraxinus sp (14 312 granos),Cupressaceae-Taxodiaceae (12 448 granos),Parietaria pensylvanica (12 354 granos),Poaceae (4 808 granos), Celtis sp (3 153 granos), Moraceae (1 806 granos), Pinus sp con2 693 granos, Ambrosia confertiflora (2 132granos), Ricinus communis con 1 697 granos,Amaranthaceae-Chenopodiaceae (1 691 granos), Quercus sp (1 360 granos), Prosopis sp(1 227 granos), Platanus occidentalis (725granos) y Carya sp con 687 granos

Efectos de la radiación no ionizante emitida por dispositivos inalámbricos

The use of portable electronic equipment that emits non-ionizing radiation in the electromagnetic spectrum increases steadily and marks a trend likely to integrate functionality and miniaturization. Particularly, cellular telephony is widely used all around the world by a large number of users, despite little is known about the effects they may have on human health or that provides certainty about the results obtained. Many studies and projects to investigate those have been carried out, some have reached alarming results DNA breaks, genotoxicity, while others found no potential or significant threats and namely the results are not conclusive. The investigation document presents an analysis of previous specialized documentation, developed by recognized organizations in order to promote and enhance the discussion of the topic, considered polemical.El empleo de equipo electrónico portátil que emite radiación no ionizante en el espectro electromagnético se incrementa de manera constante y marca una tendencia proclive a la integración de funcionalidades y la miniaturización. Particularmente, la telefonía celular es usada amplia e intensivamente alrededor del mundo por un extenso número de usuarios, a pesar de que poco se sabe de los efectos que podrían tener en la salud humana o la certeza sobre los resultados obtenidos al investigarlos: algunos han alcanzado resultados alarmantes ruptura del ADN, genotoxicidad–, mientras que otros no han encontrado amenazas potenciales o significativas, es decir, los resultados no son concluyentes. El presente documento de investigación realiza un análisis con enfoque integral de la documentación especializada previa, realizada por organismos reconocidos, para favorecer y enriquecer la discusión de este tema, considerado polémico

Shopping for Ecological Indices? On the Use of Incidence-Based Species Compositional Similarity Measures

β-diversity has been under continuous debate, with a current need to better understand the way in which a new wave of measures work. We assessed the results of 12 incidence-based β-diversity indices. Our results of gradual species composition overlap between paired assemblages considering progressive differences in species richness show the following: (i) four indices (β-2, β-3, β-3.s, and βr) should be used cautiously given that results with no shared species retrieve results that could be misinterpreted; (ii) all measures conceived specifically as partitioned components of species compositional dissimilarities ought to be used as such and not as independent measures per se; (iii) the non-linear response of some indices to gradual species composition overlap should be interpreted carefully, and further analysis using their results as dependent variables should be performed cautiously; and (iv) two metrics (βsim and βsor) behave predictably and linearly to gradual species composition overlap. We encourage ecologists using measures of β-diversity to fully understand their mathematical nature and type of results under the scenario to be used in order to avoid inappropriate and misleading inferences

Shopping for Ecological Indices? On the Use of Incidence-Based Species Compositional Similarity Measures

β-diversity has been under continuous debate, with a current need to better understand the way in which a new wave of measures work. We assessed the results of 12 incidence-based β-diversity indices. Our results of gradual species composition overlap between paired assemblages considering progressive differences in species richness show the following: (i) four indices (β-2, β-3, β-3.s, and βr) should be used cautiously given that results with no shared species retrieve results that could be misinterpreted; (ii) all measures conceived specifically as partitioned components of species compositional dissimilarities ought to be used as such and not as independent measures per se; (iii) the non-linear response of some indices to gradual species composition overlap should be interpreted carefully, and further analysis using their results as dependent variables should be performed cautiously; and (iv) two metrics (βsim and βsor) behave predictably and linearly to gradual species composition overlap. We encourage ecologists using measures of β-diversity to fully understand their mathematical nature and type of results under the scenario to be used in order to avoid inappropriate and misleading inferences

Assessment of Pain and Inflammation in Domestic Animals Using Infrared Thermography: A Narrative Review

Publication history: Accepted - 20 June 22023; Published - 22 June 2023.Pain assessment in domestic animals has gained importance in recent years due to the recognition of the physiological, behavioral, and endocrine consequences of acute pain on animal production, welfare, and animal model validity. Current approaches to identifying acute pain mainly rely on behavioral-based scales, quantifying pain-related biomarkers, and the use of devices monitoring sympathetic activity. Infrared thermography is an alternative that could be used to correlate the changes in the superficial temperature with other tools and thus be an additional or alternate acute pain assessment marker. Moreover, its non-invasiveness and the objective nature of its readout make it potentially very valuable. However, at the current time, it is not in widespread use as an assessment strategy. The present review discusses scientific evidence for infrared thermography as a tool to evaluate pain, limiting its use to monitor acute pain in pathological processes and invasive procedures, as well as its use for perioperative monitoring in domestic animals.This research received no external fundin