3,510 research outputs found
Vortex ratchet reversal: The role of interstitial vortices
Triangular arrays of Ni nanotriangles embedded in superconducting Nb films
exhibit unexpected dynamical vortex effects. Collective pinning with a vortex
lattice configuration different from the expected fundamental triangular
"Abrikosov state" is found. The vortex motion which prevails against the
triangular periodic potential is produced by channelling effects between
triangles. Interstitial vortices coexisting with pinned vortices in this
asymmetric potential, lead to ratchet reversal, i.e. a DC output voltage which
changes sign with the amplitude of an applied alternating drive current. In
this landscape, ratchet reversal is always observed at all magnetic fields (all
numbers of vortices) and at different temperatures. The ratchet reversal is
unambiguously connected to the presence of two locations for the vortices:
interstitial and above the artificial pinning sites.Comment: 21 pages, 4 figures, 1 Tabl
Vortex ratchet reversal at fractional matching fields in kagom\'e-like array with symmetric pinning centers
Arrays of Ni nanodots embedded in Nb superconducting films have been
fabricated by sputtering and electron beam lithography techniques. The arrays
are periodic triangular lattices of circular Ni dots arranged in a
kagom\'e-like pattern with broken reflection symmetry. Relevant behaviors are
found in the vortex lattice dynamics : i) At values lower than the first
integer matching field, several fractional matching fields are present when the
vortex lattice moves parallel or perpendicular to the reflection symmetry axis
of the array showing a clear anisotropic character in the magnetoresistance
curves, ii) injecting an ac current perpendicular to the reflection symmetry
axis of the array yields an unidirectional motion of the vortex lattice
(ratchet effect) as a result of the interaction between the whole vortex
lattice and the asymmetric lattice of dots, iii) increasing the input current
amplitudes the ratchet effect changes polarity independently of matching field
values. These experimental results can be explained taking into account the
vortex lattice density.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, 1 tabl
Methodology for Olive Pruning Windrow Assessment Using 3D Time-of-Flight Camera
The management of olive pruning residue has shifted from burning to shredding, laying residues on soil, or harvesting residues for use as a derivative. The objective of this research is to develop, test, and validate a methodology to measure the dimensions, outline, and bulk volume of pruning residue windrows in olive orchards using both a manual and a 3D Time-of-Flight (ToF) camera. Trees were pruned using trunk shaker targeted pruning, from which two different branch sizes were selected to build two separate windrow treatments with the same pruning residue dose. Four windrows were built for each treatment, and four sampling points were selected along each windrow to take measurements using both manual and 3D ToF measurements. Windrow section outline could be defined using a polynomial or a triangular function, although manual measurement required processing with a polynomial function, especially for high windrow volumes. Different branch sizes provided to be significant differences for polynomial function coefficients, while no significant differences were found for windrow width. Bigger branches provided less bulk volume, which implied that these branches formed less porous windrows that smaller ones. Finally, manual and 3D ToF camera measurements were validated, giving an adequate performance for olive pruning residue windrow in-field assessment
The nuclear receptor LXRα controls the functional specialization of splenic macrophages.
Macrophages are professional phagocytic cells that orchestrate innate immune responses and have considerable phenotypic diversity at different anatomical locations. However, the mechanisms that control the heterogeneity of tissue macrophages are not well characterized. Here we found that the nuclear receptor LXRα was essential for the differentiation of macrophages in the marginal zone (MZ) of the spleen. LXR-deficient mice were defective in the generation of MZ and metallophilic macrophages, which resulted in abnormal responses to blood-borne antigens. Myeloid-specific expression of LXRα or adoptive transfer of wild-type monocytes restored the MZ microenvironment in LXRα-deficient mice. Our results demonstrate that signaling via LXRα in myeloid cells is crucial for the generation of splenic MZ macrophages and identify an unprecedented role for a nuclear receptor in the generation of specialized macrophage subsets
Reconstructions of conductivity and permittivity from EIT data on a human chest by D-bar methods
A direct D-bar reconstruction algorithm is presented for reconstructing a complex conductivity from 2-D EIT data. The method is applied to simulated data and archival human chest data. Permittivity reconstructions with this new method and conductivity reconstructions with the fully nonlinear D-bar method based on [1] depicting ventilation and perfusion in the human chest are presented
Control of the chirality and polarity of magnetic vortices in triangular nanodots
Magnetic vortex dynamics in lithographically prepared nanodots is currently a
subject of intensive research, particularly after recent demonstration that the
vortex polarity can be controlled by in-plane magnetic field. This has
stimulated the proposals of non-volatile vortex magnetic random access
memories. In this work, we demonstrate that triangular nanodots offer a real
alternative where vortex chirality, in addition to polarity, can be controlled.
In the static regime, we show that vortex chirality can be tailored by applying
in-plane magnetic field, which is experimentally imaged by means of
Variable-Field Magnetic Force Microscopy. In addition, the polarity can be also
controlled by applying a suitable out-of-plane magnetic field component. The
experiment and simulations show that to control the vortex polarity, the
out-of-plane field component, in this particular case, should be higher than
the in-plane nucleation field. Micromagnetic simulations in the dynamical
regime show that the magnetic vortex polarity can be changed with
short-duration magnetic field pulses, while longer pulses change the vortex
chirality.Comment: 18 pages, 11 figure
Rocking ratchet induced by pure magnetic potentials with broken reflection symmetry
A ratchet effect (the rectification of an ac injected current) which is
purely magnetic in origin has been observed in a superconducting-magnetic
nanostructure hybrid. The hybrid consists of a superconducting Nb film in
contact with an array of nanoscale magnetic triangles, circular rings or
elliptical rings. The arrays were placed into well-defined remanent magnetic
states by application of different magnetic field cycles. The stray fields from
these remanent states provide a magnetic landscape which influences the motion
of superconducting vortices. We examined both randomly varying landscapes from
demagnetized samples, and ordered landscapes from samples at remanence after
saturation in which the magnetic rings form parallel onion states containing
two domain walls. The ratchet effect is absent if the rings are in the
demagnetized state or if the vortices propagate parallel to the magnetic
reflection symmetry axis (perpendicular to the magnetic domain walls) in the
ordered onion state. On the other hand, when the vortices move perpendicular to
the magnetic reflection symmetry axis in the ordered onion state (parallel to
the domain walls) a clear ratchet effect is observed. This behavior differs
qualitatively from that observed in samples containing arrays of triangular Ni
nanostructures, which show a ratchet of structural origin.Comment: 16 pages, 6 figures and 1 tabl
Debris Flows Occurrence in the Semiarid Central Andes under Climate Change Scenario
This review paper compiles research related to debris flows and hyperconcentrated flows in the central Andes (30°â33° S), updating the knowledge of these phenomena in this semiarid region. Continuous records of these phenomena are lacking through the Andean region; intense precipitations, sudden snowmelt, increased temperatures on high relief mountain areas, and permafrost degradation are related to violent flow discharges. Documented catastrophic consequences related to these geoclimatic events highlight the need to improve their understanding in order to prepare the Andean communities for this latent danger. An amplified impact is expected not only due to environmental changes potentially linked to climate change but also due to rising exposure linked to urban expansion toward more susceptible or unstable areas. This review highlights as well the need for the implementation of preventive measures to reduce the negative impacts and vulnerability of the Andean communities in the global warming context.Fil: Moreiras, Stella Maris. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de NivologĂa, GlaciologĂa y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de NivologĂa, GlaciologĂa y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de NivologĂa, GlaciologĂa y Ciencias Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: SepĂșlveda, Sergio A.. Universidad de Chile; Chile. Universidad de Oâhiggins; ChileFil: Correas Gonzalez, Mariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de NivologĂa, GlaciologĂa y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de NivologĂa, GlaciologĂa y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de NivologĂa, GlaciologĂa y Ciencias Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Lauro, Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de NivologĂa, GlaciologĂa y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de NivologĂa, GlaciologĂa y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de NivologĂa, GlaciologĂa y Ciencias Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Vergara Dal Pont, IvĂĄn Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto Andino PatagĂłnico de TecnologĂas BiolĂłgicas y Geoambientales. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Instituto Andino PatagĂłnico de TecnologĂas BiolĂłgicas y Geoambientales; ArgentinaFil: Jeanneret, Pilar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de NivologĂa, GlaciologĂa y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de NivologĂa, GlaciologĂa y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de NivologĂa, GlaciologĂa y Ciencias Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Junquera Torrado, Sebastian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de NivologĂa, GlaciologĂa y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de NivologĂa, GlaciologĂa y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de NivologĂa, GlaciologĂa y Ciencias Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Cuevas, Jaime G.. Universidad de La Serena; ChileFil: Maldonado, Antonio. Universidad de La Serena; ChileFil: Antinao, JosĂ© L.. Indiana University; Estados UnidosFil: Lara, Marisol. Universidad de Chile; Chil
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