Potential of MMP-9 based nanoparticles at optimizing the cow dry period: pulling apart the effects of MMP-9 and nanoparticles

The cow dry period is a non-milking interval where the mammary gland involutes and regenerates to guarantee an optimal milk production in the subsequent lactation. Important bottlenecks such as the high risk of intramammary infections complicate the process. Antibiotics have been routinely used as a preventive treatment but the concerns about potential antibiotic resistance open a new scenario in which alternative strategies have to be developed. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is an enzyme able to degrade the extracellular matrix, triggering the involution and immune function of cow mammary gland. We have studied the infusion into the mammary gland of MMP-9 inclusion bodies as protein-based nanoparticles, demonstrating that 1.2 mg of MMP-9 enhanced the involution and immune function of the cow mammary gland. However, the comparison of the efects triggered by the administration of an active and an inactive form of MMP-9 led to conclude that the response observed in the bovine mammary gland was mainly due to the protein format but not to the biological activity of the MMP-9 embedded in the inclusion body. This study provides relevant information on the future use of protein inclusion bodies in cow mammary gland and the role of MMP-9 at dry-of.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Automated End to End Carrier Ethernet Provisioning over a Disaggregated WDM Metro Network with a Hierarchical SDN Control and Monitoring Platform

This demo shows how a hierarchical control plane of ONOS SDN controllers orchestrates the dynamic provisioning of end-to-end Carrier Ethernet circuits on a composite network, programming the whole data path from the CPE to the core optical equipment

First Experimental Demonstration of ABNO-driven In- Operation Flexgrid Network Re-Optimization

Abstract: The after failure repair optimization problem is used to experimentally validate inoperation planning using the ABNO architecture to control a flexgrid optical network. A backend PCE is used to solve this computationally-intensive planning problem. Introduction In-operation network planning consists in making network resources available by reconfiguring and/or reoptimizing the network on demand and in real-time As a use case of network re-optimization, in this paper we face the after failure repair optimization (AFRO) problem, defined in To implement in-operation planning, a control plane architecture automating connection provisioning is needed. In that regard, the IETF is currently defining the Application-Based Network Operations (ABNO) architecture [5] based on functional elements, such as the active stateful Path Computation Element (PCE

A new approach to obtain pure and active proteins from Lactococcus lactis protein aggregates

The production of pure and soluble proteins is a complex, protein-dependent and time-consuming process, in particular for those prone-to-aggregate and/or difcult-to-purify. Although Escherichia coli is widely used for protein production, recombinant products must be co-purifed through costly processes to remove lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and minimize adverse efects in the target organism. Interestingly, Lactococcus lactis, which does not contain LPS, could be a promising alternative for the production of relevant proteins. However, to date, there is no universal strategy to produce and purify any recombinant protein, being still a protein-specifc process. In this context and considering that L. lactis is also able to form functional protein aggregates under overproduction conditions, we explored the use of these aggregates as an alternative source of soluble proteins. In this study, we developed a widely applicable and economically afordable protocol to extract functional proteins from these nanoclusters. For that, two model proteins were used: mammary serum amyloid A3 (M-SAA3) and metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), a difcult-to-purify and a prone-to-aggregate protein, respectively. The results show that it is possible to obtain highly pure, soluble, LPS-free and active recombinant proteins from L. lactis aggregates through a cost-efective and simple protocol with special relevance for difcult-to-purify or highly aggregated proteins.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

First demonstration of multi-vendor and multi-domain EON with S-BVT and control interoperability over Pan-European testbed

The operation of multi-domain and multi-vendor EONs can be achieved by interoperable Sliceable Bandwidth Variable Transponders, a GMPLS / BGP-LS-based control plane and a planning tool. This paper reports the first full demonstration and validation this end-to-end architecture

Organ-Specific Endothelial Cell Differentiation and Impact of Microenvironmental Cues on Endothelial Heterogeneity

Endothelial cells throughout the body are heterogeneous, and this is tightly linked to the specific functions of organs and tissues. Heterogeneity is already determined from development onwards and ranges from arterial/venous specification to microvascular fate determination in organ-specific differentiation. Acknowledging the different phenotypes of endothelial cells and the implications of this diversity is key for the development of more specialized tissue engineering and vascular repair approaches. However, although novel technologies in transcriptomics and proteomics are facilitating the unraveling of vascular bed-specific endothelial cell signatures, still much research is based on the use of insufficiently specialized endothelial cells. Endothelial cells are not only heterogeneous, but their specialized phenotypes are also dynamic and adapt to changes in their microenvironment. During the last decades, strong collaborations between molecular biology, mechanobiology, and computational disciplines have led to a better understanding of how endothelial cells are modulated by their mechanical and biochemical contexts. Yet, because of the use of insufficiently specialized endothelial cells, there is still a huge lack of knowledge in how tissue-specific biomechanical factors determine organ-specific phenotypes. With this review, we want to put the focus on how organ-specific endothelial cell signatures are determined from development onwards and conditioned by their microenvironments during adulthood. We discuss the latest research performed on endothelial cells, pointing out the important implications of mimicking tissue-specific biomechanical cues in culture

Organ-Specific Endothelial Cell Differentiation and Impact of Microenvironmental Cues on Endothelial Heterogeneity

Endothelial cells throughout the body are heterogeneous, and this is tightly linked to the specific functions of organs and tissues. Heterogeneity is already determined from development onwards and ranges from arterial/venous specification to microvascular fate determination in organ-specific differentiation. Acknowledging the different phenotypes of endothelial cells and the implications of this diversity is key for the development of more specialized tissue engineering and vascular repair approaches. However, although novel technologies in transcriptomics and proteomics are facilitating the unraveling of vascular bed-specific endothelial cell signatures, still much research is based on the use of insufficiently specialized endothelial cells. Endothelial cells are not only heterogeneous, but their specialized phenotypes are also dynamic and adapt to changes in their microenvironment. During the last decades, strong collaborations between molecular biology, mechanobiology, and computational disciplines have led to a better understanding of how endothelial cells are modulated by their mechanical and biochemical contexts. Yet, because of the use of insufficiently specialized endothelial cells, there is still a huge lack of knowledge in how tissue-specific biomechanical factors determine organ-specific phenotypes. With this review, we want to put the focus on how organ-specific endothelial cell signatures are determined from development onwards and conditioned by their microenvironments during adulthood. We discuss the latest research performed on endothelial cells, pointing out the important implications of mimicking tissue-specific biomechanical cues in culture

Factores relacionados con la respuesta inadecuada al tratamiento osteoformador (teriparatida/PTH 1–84) en pacientes con osteoporosis severa. Resultados preliminares

El objetivo de este estudio ha sido analizar la evolución de la masa ósea a largo plazo tras tratamiento osteoformador (teriparatida o PTH 1-84) en pacientes con osteoporosis severa, y determinar la frecuencia y los factores relacionados con una respuesta inadecuada (RI) al tratamiento. Métodos: Se incluyeron 49 pacientes (46 mujeres:3 hombres) con una edad media de 69,5±11,1 años, tratados con teriparatida (41) o PTH1-84 (8) durante 18/24 meses (84% tenían fracturas vertebrales y 84% habían recibido tratamiento previamente). Se analizaron: factores de riesgo y causa de osteoporosis, fracturas y tratamiento antiosteoporótico previo. Se valoraron los marcadores de recambio óseo (MRO), los niveles de 25-OH vitamina D (25OHD) basal y a los 3, 6, 12 y 18/24 meses, radiografías de columna dorso-lumbar y densitometría ósea (DMO) previa, a los 12 y 18/24 meses. Se definió RI cuando el cambio de DMO lumbar era <3% a los 18/24 meses. Resultados: 29% de los pacientes presentaron RI al tratamiento. No se observaron diferencias en la edad, DMO basal, valores de 25OHD y/o MRO entre los pacientes con y sin RI. El 92% de pacientes con RI había seguido tratamiento previo con bisfosfonatos (vs. el 79% de los pacientes sin RI, p=0,34) durante 7±4,8 años (vs. 4,9±4,2 años, p=0,19). No se observaron diferencias significativas en la evolución de los MRO tras iniciar el tratamiento entre ambos grupos de pacientes. Conclusión: El 29% de los pacientes con osteoporosis grave presenta una RI al tratamiento osteoformador. Aunque no se han identificado factores predictores de este tipo de respuesta, es posible que el tratamiento prolongado previo con bisfosfonatos pueda estar relacionado con este hallazgo

Factores relacionados con la respuesta inadecuada al tratamiento osteoformador (teriparatida/PTH 1–84) en pacientes con osteoporosis severa. Resultados preliminares

The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term bone mineral density (BMD) response rate to osteoanabolic treatment in patients with severe osteoporosis and the factors related to “inadequate” response (IR). Methods: 49 patients (46F:3M) with a mean age of 69.5±11.1 years treated with teriparatide (41) or PTH1-84 (8) during 18/24months were included (84% had vertebral fractures and 84% had previously received bisphosphonates). Previous skeletal fractures and antiosteoporotic treatment, risk factors and cause of osteoporosis were recorded in all patients. Bone turnover markers (BTM) and 25-OH vitamin D (25OHD) levels were assessed before and at 3, 6, 12 and 18/24 months. Lumbar and femoral BMD and spinal X-ray were assessed at baseline and at 12 and 18/24 months. IR was defined by a lumbar BMD change <3% at 18/24 months. Results: 29% of patients showed IR to therapy. No significant differences were observed in age, baseline BMD and BTM and 25OHD levels between patients with or without IR. 92% of IR patients had been previously treated with bisphosphonates (vs 79%, p=0.34) during 7±4.8 years (vs 4.9±4.2 years, p=0.19). No significant differences were observed between groups in the magnitude of changes in BTM throughout the study. Conclusions: 29% of patients with severe osteoporosis presented IR to osteoanabolic therapy. Although no predictive factors related to this finding were identified, previous prolonged therapy with bisphosphonates may play a role.El objetivo de este estudio ha sido analizar la evolución de la masa ósea a largo plazo tras tratamiento osteoformador (teriparatida o PTH 1-84) en pacientes con osteoporosis severa, y determinar la frecuencia y los factores relacionados con una respuesta inadecuada (RI) al tratamiento. Métodos: Se incluyeron 49 pacientes (46 mujeres:3 hombres) con una edad media de 69,5±11,1 años, tratados con teriparatida (41) o PTH1-84 (8) durante 18/24 meses (84% tenían fracturas vertebrales y 84% habían recibido tratamiento previamente). Se analizaron: factores de riesgo y causa de osteoporosis, fracturas y tratamiento antiosteoporótico previo. Se valoraron los marcadores de recambio óseo (MRO), los niveles de 25-OH vitamina D (25OHD) basal y a los 3, 6, 12 y 18/24 meses, radiografías de columna dorso-lumbar y densitometría ósea (DMO) previa, a los 12 y 18/24 meses. Se definió RI cuando el cambio de DMO lumbar era <3% a los 18/24 meses. Resultados: 29% de los pacientes presentaron RI al tratamiento. No se observaron diferencias en la edad, DMO basal, valores de 25OHD y/o MRO entre los pacientes con y sin RI. El 92% de pacientes con RI había seguido tratamiento previo con bisfosfonatos (vs. el 79% de los pacientes sin RI, p=0,34) durante 7±4,8 años (vs. 4,9±4,2 años, p=0,19). No se observaron diferencias significativas en la evolución de los MRO tras iniciar el tratamiento entre ambos grupos de pacientes. Conclusión: El 29% de los pacientes con osteoporosis grave presenta una RI al tratamiento osteoformador. Aunque no se han identificado factores predictores de este tipo de respuesta, es posible que el tratamiento prolongado previo con bisfosfonatos pueda estar relacionado con este hallazgo