Redes E Observatórios Da Agrobiodiversidade, Como E Para Quem? Uma Abordagem Exploratória Na Região De Cruzeiro Do Sul, Acre

The diversity of cultivated plants that are selected and preserved by traditional farmers attracts local and national interest, and constitutes an important biological and cultural heritage. In the case of the Amazon, besides the existence of a great set of data on agrobiodiversity, the wide range of methods hampers a synthetic view of its dynamics. To understand this, it is essential to have a monitoring system in the long term in specific sites, or to build observatories and indicators to be shared among local populations, researchers and public policy makers. As an example, we propose an exploratory approach to the agrobiodiversity managed by 52 farmers in two communities of the Cruzeiro do Sul region (Acre), from a qualitative (based on the local names of plants) and quantitative approach (based on the measure of richness). The amplitude of the richness is of 338 cultivated plants, mainly landraces, with a high frequency of species or varieties present in only one or two farmers plots. The structure of this diversity is characterized by the presence of a nested pattern, with a core of plants with greater cohesion.11115919

Molecular marker (AFLP)-based Manihot and cassava numerical taxonomy and genetic structure analysis in progress: Implications for their dynamic conservation and genetic mapping.

Producao Cientifica/CENARGEN/199

Participation in biocultural diversity conservation : insights from five Amazonian examples

Unidad de excelencia María de Maeztu CEX2019-000940-MThe past three decades have seen the emergence of myriads of initiatives focused on conserving, revitalizing, and maintaining Indigenous and Local Knowledge (ILK) as part of biocultural approaches to conservation. However, the extent to which these efforts have been participatory has been often overlooked. In this chapter, we focus on five prominent ILK conservation initiatives in the Amazon Basin to examine the participation of Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IPLCs) in ILK conservation. Our review illustrates several examples of ILK conservation initiatives offering substantial opportunities for meaningful IPLC participation over the long term. Overall, our case studies suggest that the development of robust and inclusive decision-making processes is essential to optimize IPLC participation in ILK conservation, thereby increasing the legitimacy of these initiatives. Our review is not an exhaustive account of the breadth and depth of all initiatives promoting participatory biocultural conservation in this region, but it illustrates that there are many strategies that can help foster IPLC engagement and lead the participatory turn in biocultural conservation

High genetic diversity among and within bitter manioc varieties cultivated in different soil types in Central Amazonia

Although manioc is well adapted to nutrient-poor Oxisols of Amazonia, ethnobotanical observations show that bitter manioc is also frequently cultivated in the highly fertile soils of the floodplains and Amazonian dark earths (ADE) along the middle Madeira River. Because different sets of varieties are grown in each soil type, and there are agronomic similarities between ADE and floodplain varieties, it was hypothesized that varieties grown in ADE and floodplain were more closely related to each other than either is to varieties grown in Oxisols. We tested this hypothesis evaluating the intra-varietal genetic diversity and the genetic relationships among manioc varieties commonly cultivated in Oxisols, ADE and floodplain soils. Genetic results did not agree with ethnobotanical expectation, since the relationships between varieties were variable and most individuals of varieties with the same vernacular name, but grown in ADE and floodplain, were distinct. Although the same vernacular name could not always be associated with genetic similarities, there is still a great amount of variation among the varieties. Many ecological and genetic processes may explain the high genetic diversity and differentiation found for bitter manioc varieties, but all contribute to the maintenance and amplification of genetic diversity within the manioc in Central Amazonia. © 2017, Sociedade Brasileira de Genética

Contribuições da natureza para a qualidade de vida.

O capítulo avalia a contribuição da natureza para a qualidade de vida das pessoas, incluindo a inter-relação entre a biodiversidade, o funcionamento de ecossistemas e os serviços ecossistêmicos. Além da situação atual, trabalha com a dinâmica e as tendências futuras dos serviços ecossistêmicos essenciais para o bem-estar humano (como saúde, segurança alimentar, segurança hídrica, segurança energética). O texto aborda também a contribuição do conhecimento e das práticas de populações indígenas e tradicionais para a conservação da biodiversidade, para a diversificação de espécies (gerando novas espécies), bem como para a distribuição de espécies e formação de paisagens nos diversos biomas

Genetic characterization of cassava (Manihot esculenta) landraces in Brazil assessed with simple sequence repeats

Based on nine microsatellite loci, the aim of this study was to appraise the genetic diversity of 42 cassava (Manihot esculenta) landraces from selected regions in Brazil, and examine how this variety is distributed according to origin in several municipalities in the states of Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Mato Grosso do Sul, Amazonas and Mato Grosso. High diversity values were found among the five above-mentioned regions, with 3.3 alleles per locus on an average, a high percentage of polymorphic loci varying from 88.8% to 100%, an average of 0.265 for observed heterozygosity and 0.570 for gene diversity. Most genetic diversity was concentrated within the regions themselves (HS = 0.52). Cluster analysis and principal component based scatter plotting showed greater similarity among landraces from São Paulo, Mato Grosso do Sul and Amazonas, whereas those from Minas Gerais were clustered into a sub-group within this group. The plants from Mato Grosso, mostly collected in the municipality of General Carneiro, provided the highest differentiation. The migration of human populations is one among the possible reasons for this closer resemblance or greater disparity among plants from the various regions