Short and long term treatment of asthma with intravenous nutrients

BACKGROUND: Asthma is an increasing problem in this country and others. Although medications for the treatment of asthma abound and are improving, there are inherent risks and side effects with all of them. Intravenous magnesium has been employed in the treatment of acute asthma, but its use has not become universal, nor has it been studied for the treatment of chronic asthma. It is known to be a safe drug with minimal side effects. In this study, the author investigates the use of magnesium and other nutrients in the treatment of both acute and chronic asthma. METHODS: In this non-blinded outcome study, following informed consent, forty-three (43) randomly selected volunteer patients with both acute and chronic asthma were treated with IV infusions described herein. All patients were observed with spirometry 10 minutes post-infusion; two sub-groups of patients were also observed after multiple infusions over a short period of time (less than one month) and a longer period of time (average 5.8 months). Pulmonary function was analyzed by spirometric testing with pre- and post-infusion spirometric measurements with the pre/post group. For longer term (Trend) patients, baseline spirometry measurements were compared to spirometry measurements after patients had received multiple infusions over a period of time. Eight (8) patients were measured for both pre/post and Trend data. RESULTS: The 38 pre-infusion/post-infusion patients with acute and chronic asthma demonstrated an overall average improvement (percentage improvement in percent predicted) of 45%. The 13 patients measured for improvement over time (Trend data, average duration 5.82 months), demonstrated an overall average improvement (percentage improvement in percent predicted) of 57%. Of the 13 patients in the multiple infusion group, 9 patients who received longer-term therapy (average duration of 12.58 months) for chronic asthma demonstrated an overall average improvement of 95% (percentage improvement in percent predicted). CONCLUSION: The use of intravenous treatment with multiple nutrients, including magnesium, for acute and chronic asthma may be of considerable benefit. Pulmonary function improved progressively the longer patients received treatment

Identifying the connection between Roman Conceptions of ‘Pure Air’ and Physical and Mental Health in Pompeian Gardens (c. 150 BC-AD 79): A Multi-Sensory Approach to Ancient Medicine

Different genres of Roman literature commented on the relationship between the condition of the environment and physical and mental health. They often refer to clear, pure, or good air as a beneficial aspect of the environment. Yet, unlike fetid air, they provide few descriptions of what constituted healthy air quality. Moreover, aside from pointing out the association between the environment and bodily condition, the writers also did not explain precisely how the link between the two was made. This paper utilizes a comparative study of ancient literature and the archaeological remains of Roman gardens in Pompeii: archaeobotanical samples, fresco paintings, location, and surviving features. Three questions are addressed in this study: First, how did the Romans identify and define pure? Second, how did air connect to the body? Third, what were the qualities of pure air and how did they benefit the body? Not only was inhalation a means of linking air to the body, but the two were also related through sensory perception. I argue that sight, sound, and olfaction were used to identify the qualities of pure air. Through the sensory process of identification, the beneficial properties of pure air were, in accordance with ancient perceptions of sensory function, taken into the body and affected health. Thus, sensory perception acted as the bridge between the environment and health

O Tema da liberdade religiosa na política brasileira do século XIX: uma via para a compreensão da secularização da esfera política

A secularização das instituições tem sido um tema muito recorrente nas Ciências Sociais das últimas décadas, sobretudo em razão de sua complexidade conceitual, o que propicia olhares diversos para as relações que ao longo da história estabelecem-se entre religião e outras esferas sociais. Uma dessas relações é a que se pode observar entre religião e política. A "Secularização" consiste na autonomização das esferas da sociedade em relação à religião. Aspectos da autonomização da esfera política em relação à religião são colocados sob análise considerando as discussões sobre liberdade religiosa travadas no cenário político do Brasil do século XIX. Nesse contexto, o padroado e as idéias ultramontanas estiveram intimamente relacionadas com rupturas e permanências identificadas no campo das idéias políticas, considerando-se os temas de natureza religiosa. Embora tenha sido marcante a presença do clero na atividade política do período sob análise, com a extinção do padroado e o advento da República os discursos religiosos deixaram aquela esfera, passando a manifestar-se exclusivamente no âmbito eclesiástico, de forma proselitista. A configuração social que se desenha à luz desse tema permite idenficar sinais da efetivação da secularização da esfera política em fins do século XIX. O argumento presente contribui para esclarecer o tema da secularização no Brasil. Ao separarem-se Igreja e Estado, e ao tornar-se cada vez menos expressiva a presença do clero nos processos decisórios oficiais, a esfera política secularizou-se, permitindo localizar a experiência sociocultural brasileira ao lado de outras experiências socioculturais componentes da modernidade ocidental

Metformin attenuates the exacerbation of the allergic eosinophilic inflammation in high fat-diet-induced obesity in mice

A positive relationship between obesity and asthma has been well documented. The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator metformin reverses obesity-associated insulin resistance (IR) and inhibits different types of inflammatory responses. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of metformin on the exacerbation of allergic eosinophilic inflammation in obese mice. Male C57BL6/J mice were fed for 10 weeks with high-fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity. The cell infiltration and inflammatory markers in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and lung tissue were evaluated at 48 h after ovalbumin (OVA) challenge. HFD obese mice displayed peripheral IR that was fully reversed by metformin (300 mg/kg/day, two weeks). OVA-challenge resulted in higher influx of total cell and eosinophils in lung tissue of obese mice compared with lean group. As opposed, the cell number in BAL fluid of obese mice was reduced compared with lean group. Metformin significantly reduced the tissue eosinophil infiltration and prevented the reduction of cell counts in BAL fluid. In obese mice, greater levels of eotaxin, TNF-α and NOx, together with increased iNOS protein expression were observed, all of which were normalized by metformin. In addition, metformin nearly abrogated the binding of NF-κB subunit p65 to the iNOS promoter gene in lung tissue of obese mice. Lower levels of phosphorylated AMPK and its downstream target acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) were found in lung tissue of obese mice, which were restored by metformin. In separate experiments, the selective iNOS inhibitor aminoguanidine (20 mg/kg, 3 weeks) and the anti-TNF-α mAb (2 mg/kg) significantly attenuated the aggravation of eosinophilic inflammation in obese mice. In conclusion, metformin inhibits the TNF-α-induced inflammatory signaling and NF-κB-mediated iNOS expression in lung tissue of obese mice. Metformin may be a good pharmacological strategy to control the asthma exacerbation in obese individuals.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, 2012/14225-

Il Parco del Vesuvio - Nuovi contributi.

ANIAI Campani

Structural and histochemical investigation of the glandular trichomes of Salvia aurea L. leaves and chemical analysis of the essential oil

Anatomical and histological investigations of the secretory hairs of Salvia aurea leaves, and identification of the main components of the essential oil were carried out. Two types of glandular trichome were found: peltate glands, characterized by a short stalk and a large six to eight-celled head, and capitate trichomes which were further subdivided into two kinds, the first with a short monocellular stalk and two-cellular head (type I), and the second with a multicellular stalk, a neck cell and a small globose unicellular head (type II). Whereas peltate glands and type I capitate trichomes were always present, type II capitate glands were not found in all leaf samples. The histochemical study suggested an 'endodermal' role for the stalk call (peltate and capitate type I) as well as for the neck cell (capitate type II), preventing the loss of essential oil. Histological reactions also revealed the complex nature of the material secreted by all types of S. aurea trichome, including polysaccharides, polyphenols and proteins, in addition to the essential oil. Qualitative and quantitative GC-MS analysis of the essential oil revealed camphor to be the main constituent. The findings are discussed in relation to studies of trichomes from other members of the Lamiaceae

ON THE SUSTAINABILITY OF NOISE MITIGATION MEASURES

In recent years, the issue of sustainability has assumed great importance in every field, including noise mitigation measures, and interested stakeholders have found themselves struggling with still evolving and uncertain techniques to evaluate the related social, economic, and environmental aspects. Indeed, the sustainability assessment can be accomplished with many different methods and countless indicators. To clarify the problem and identify suitable methodologies to assess the sustainability of noise mitigation solutions for roads, the Italian PIARC committee TC 3.4.2 has undertaken an in-depth study on the most ascertained techniques, from Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment to the more recent Envision protocol. This study has involved a broad and focused effort to define the meaning of sustainability, from the perspective of infrastructure managers, users, and the general population. Criteria and indicators to describe the performance of noise mitigation solutions have been identified and a general procedure for assessing the sustainability of noise mitigation measures has been defined. The selected method and indicators have then been applied to a case study, located in a suburban environment, to test their applicability and reliability. In this paper, the main outcomes of this study are reported