Stock Performance Prior to Federal Holidays

The purpose of this study is to understand the impact of Federal holidays on a stock price. This research analyzed stock performance for the five trading days before each of the ten Federal holidays. Forty data points are found by the difference between a buy price (six days before a holiday) and a selling price (one day before a holiday). A 95% confidence interval is calculated using the difference of two sample means of the buy and sell prices. The mean buy price and sell prices were different enough to show an investible opportunity. This shows Federal holidays impact stock prices

Morphology, growth characteristics and oestrogen-binding capacity of DMBA-induced mammary tumours from ovariectomized rats.

The morphology of 20 mammary adenocarcinomas induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) in Sprague-Dawley rats was compared with their growth characteristics and oestrogen-binding capacity following ovariectomy. The capacity to bind (3H)oestradiol-17B did not appear to be related to the growth characteristics, time of appearance after DMBA administration, or time between ovariectomy and assay for specific oestrogen-binding proteins. Furthermore, different tumours appeared to have oestrogen-binding capacities unrelated to the percentage of neoplastic cells within the tumour, amount of inflammation, mast cell infiltration, or the presence of fluid-filled cysts. The only morphological features which appeared to be correlated with oestrogen-binding capacity were the number of mitoses and the lipid content of the tumour; that is, the oestrogen-binding capacity tended to be lower in tumours with moderate or large numbers of mitoses and in tumours with much lipid in the epithelial cells. Six of the 19 adenocarcinomas found prior to sacrifice either continued growing or remained static following ovariectomy, while the others underwent regression. In 5 of the regressing tumours a new growth phase was observed, usually beginning 2 months after ovariectomy. Tumours other thus osteosarcoma as well as fibroadenomas and Zymbal-gland tumours

Non-existence of Ramanujan congruences in modular forms of level four

Ramanujan famously found congruences for the partition function like p(5n+4) = 0 modulo 5. We provide a method to find all simple congruences of this type in the coefficients of the inverse of a modular form on Gamma_{1}(4) which is non-vanishing on the upper half plane. This is applied to answer open questions about the (non)-existence of congruences in the generating functions for overpartitions, crank differences, and 2-colored F-partitions.Comment: 19 page

Naming the parts: a case-study of a gender equality initiative with academic women

YesThis paper aims to seek to contribute to current debates about the effectiveness of different types of gender equality interventions in the academic context. This paper presents an argument for the need to move beyond an individual-structural dichotomy in how such interventions are perceived. The paper draws on an action-research case-study, the Through the Glass Ceiling project, to challenge the idea that “individual”/single-actor interventions serve only to reinforce underlying inequalities by attempting to “fix the women”.It is suggested that actions that support women in their careers have the potential to achieve a degree of transformation at individual, cultural and structural levels when such actions are designed with an understanding of how individuals embody the gendered and gendering social structures and values that are constantly being produced and reproduced within society and academia. The case study highlights the benefits of supporting individuals as gendered actors in gendering institutions and of facilitating the development of critical gender awareness, suggesting that such interventions are most effective when undertaken as part of an integrated institutional equality agenda. By calling attention to the ongoing mutual construction of actors and practices in organizations, this paper seeks to make both a conceptual contribution to how we understand the (re)production and potential transformation of gender relations in academia and to influence wider policy dialogues on diversity at work.FP

Crocidolite asbestos induces apoptosis of pleural mesothelial cells: role of reactive oxygen species and poly(ADP-ribosyl) polymerase.

Mesothelial cells, the progenitor cells of the asbestos-induced tumor mesothelioma, are particularly sensitive to the toxic effects of asbestos, although the molecular mechanisms by which asbestos induces injury in mesothelial cells are not known. We asked whether asbestos induced apoptosis in mesothelial cells and whether reactive oxygen species were important. Rabbit pleural mesothelial cells were exposed to crocidolite asbestos or control particles (1-10 micrograms/cm2) over 24 hr and evaluated for oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation, loss of membrane phospholipid asymmetry, and nuclear condensation. Asbestos fibers, not control particles, induced apoptosis in mesothelial cells by all assays. Induction of apoptosis was dose dependent; crocidolite (5 micrograms/cm2) induced apoptosis (15.0 +/- 1.1%, mean +/- SE; n = 12) versus control particles (< 4%), as measured by appearance of nuclear condensation. Apoptosis induced by asbestos, but not by actinomycin D, was inhibited by extracellular catalase, superoxide dismutase in the presence of catalase, hypoxia (8% oxygen), deferoxamine, and 3-aminobenzamide (an inhibitor of the nuclear enzyme, poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribosyl) polymerase). We conclude that asbestos induces apoptosis in mesothelial cells via reactive oxygen species. We speculate that escape from this pathway could allow the abnormal survival of mesothelial cells with asbestos-induced mutations

Developing trauma-informed teacher education in England

Trauma-informed practice in education is an area of growing interest in England and internationally. Embracing trauma-informed practice in schools requires trauma and related content to be included in teacher education. Over a period of eight years, a short course was developed and incorporated into the teacher preparation programmes at a large university in England. Through methods of teacher educator self-study and autoethnography, we examine the process of the course’s development and identify mechanisms, enablers and barriers to change in the current policy context of teacher education in England. Important factors that supported change were the gradual development, external collaboration, positive outcomes as a warrant and source of motivation, the development of champions and enthusiasts for trauma-informed practice, and departmental leadership support. Barriers to the development were the constraints of prescribed content on initial teacher education courses, prevailing practices in some schools and settings, challenges in adapting material suitably for all education phases, and some beginning teachers’ responses to personally relevant course content. The successful introduction of the short course demonstrates that inclusion of trauma-informed content in initial teacher education is possible even in an unfavourable policy environment

The Scientific Study of Positive Psychology, Religion/Spirituality, and Physical Health

Humans have long been interested in relations among religion/spirituality (R/S), positive psychological constructs, and physical health. Furthermore, many religions attempt to influence behavior through health-related prescriptions about food choices, sexual activity, substance use, and resting. Similarly, positive psychological constructs have been discussed in light of their presumed benefits on both mental and physical health (Ryff & Singer, 1998). However, R/S and positive psychological constructs have only recently become objects of scientific investigation of their associations with physical health.https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/psychology_books/1025/thumbnail.jp

Mergers and Mass Accretion Rates in Galaxy Assembly: The Millennium Simulation Compared to Observations of z~2 Galaxies

Recent observations of UV-/optically selected, massive star forming galaxies at z~2 indicate that the baryonic mass assembly and star formation history is dominated by continuous rapid accretion of gas and internal secular evolution, rather than by major mergers. We use the Millennium Simulation to build new halo merger trees, and extract halo merger fractions and mass accretion rates. We find that even for halos not undergoing major mergers the mass accretion rates are plausibly sufficient to account for the high star formation rates observed in z~2 disks. On the other hand, the fraction of major mergers in the Millennium Simulation is sufficient to account for the number counts of submillimeter galaxies (SMGs), in support of observational evidence that these are major mergers. When following the fate of these two populations in the Millennium Simulation to z=0, we find that subsequent mergers are not frequent enough to convert all z~2 turbulent disks into elliptical galaxies at z=0. Similarly, mergers cannot transform the compact SMGs/red sequence galaxies at z~2 into observed massive cluster ellipticals at z=0. We argue therefore, that secular and internal evolution must play an important role in the evolution of a significant fraction of z~2 UV-/optically and submillimeter selected galaxy populations.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, Accepted for publication in Ap

Conjugation site heterogeneity causes variable electrostatic properties in Fc conjugates

Immunoconjugates, including antibody-drug conjugates and Fc-conjugates, represent a rapidly growing class of therapeutics undergoing clinical development. Despite their growing popularity, the high intrinsic heterogeneity of immunoconjugates often complicates the development process and limits their widespread application. In particular, immunoconjugate charge variants exhibit markedly different colloidal stabilities, solubilities, pharmacokinetics and tissue distributions. Charge variants arise spontaneously due to degradation and, depending on the type of drug, linker and conjugation site, through drug conjugation. Electrostatic changes in naked antibodies often result in poor performance characteristics, and therefore charge alterations due to degradation are critical to control. Charge properties are expected to be equally important to producing well-behaved ADCs. Charge-based methods of analysis, such as isoelectric focusing and ion exchange chromatography, are capable of probing the underlying complexities within immunoconjugate drug products. Despite the utility of these methods, there are only a few published reports of charge-based assays applied to immunoconjugates. In the present study, we sought to identify the effects of chemical conjugation on the electrostatic properties of Fc-conjugates. In order to minimize the effects of post-translational modifications (e.g. deamidation), a single Fc charge variant was isolated prior to conjugation of a fluorescent probe, Alexa Fluor 350, to the side chains of lysine residues. The resulting Fc-conjugates were assessed by a variety of analytical techniques, including isoelectric focusing and ion exchange chromatography, to determine their charge properties