Nuevo profesorado de educación secundaria para nuevas realidades. Formación inicial y período umbral.

This research is based on the emerging paradigm, a synthesis of all previous paradigmatic and methodological efforts. The methodology employed was participatory and holistic, and therefore involved the use of various instruments: self-completion questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, group discussions, life histories and SWOT questionnaires. The first step was to establish the needs of teachers at the start of their professional careers and determine the processes involved in the development of the key competences of good teaching practice that are required for them to be good teachers in the future. The information used for rethinking initial training and the threshold period for secondary school teachers was obtained from various sources including students taking the CAP (Certificado de Aptitud Pedagógica – Teaching Aptitude Certificate) and the CPP (Curso de Cualificación Pedagógica – Teaching Qualification Course), secondary school students, teachers, trade unions, parents’ associations and teachers on several initial secondary teacher training courses. //Keywords Initial teacher training; secondary education; threshold period; teaching identity; professional development; competences.Esta investigación se inspira en el paradigma emergente, síntesis de todos los esfuerzos paradigmáticos y metodológicos anteriores. La metodología utilizada ha sido participativa y holística y, para ello, hemos trabajado con diferentes instrumentos: cuestionarios autocumplimentados, entrevistas semiestructuradas, grupos de discusión, historias de vida y cuestionarios DAFO. Primeramente, nos propusimos descubrir las necesidades del profesorado en los inicios profesionales, así como definir los procesos de desarrollo de las competencias claves de los buenos prácticas docentes que son necesarias para afrontar y ejercer en el futuro con una docencia de cualidad. Las aportaciones de los alumnos de los cursos CAP (Certificado de Aptitud Pedagógica) y CCP (Curso de Cualificación Pedagógica), así como del alumnado de educación secundaria, el profesorado, las organizaciones sindicales, las asociaciones de padres y madres y el profesorado de diferentes cursos de formación inicial, son las fuentes de la información desde las que hemos obtenido los datos para recapacitar sobre la formación inicial y el período umbral del profesorado de educación secundaria

A Study of Concurrency Bugs and Advanced Development Support for Actor-based Programs

The actor model is an attractive foundation for developing concurrent applications because actors are isolated concurrent entities that communicate through asynchronous messages and do not share state. Thereby, they avoid concurrency bugs such as data races, but are not immune to concurrency bugs in general. This study taxonomizes concurrency bugs in actor-based programs reported in literature. Furthermore, it analyzes the bugs to identify the patterns causing them as well as their observable behavior. Based on this taxonomy, we further analyze the literature and find that current approaches to static analysis and testing focus on communication deadlocks and message protocol violations. However, they do not provide solutions to identify livelocks and behavioral deadlocks. The insights obtained in this study can be used to improve debugging support for actor-based programs with new debugging techniques to identify the root cause of complex concurrency bugs.Comment: - Submitted for review - Removed section 6 "Research Roadmap for Debuggers", its content was summarized in the Future Work section - Added references for section 1, section 3, section 4.3 and section 5.1 - Updated citation

Analytical methodologies based on LC–MS/MS for monitoring selected emerging compounds in liquid and solid phases of the sewage sludge

In this work, two analytical methodologies based on liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) were developed for quantification of emerging pollutants identified in sewage sludge after a previous wide-scope screening. The target list included 13 emerging contaminants (EC): thiabendazole, acesulfame, fenofibric acid, valsartan, irbesartan, salicylic acid, diclofenac, carbamazepine, 4-aminoantipyrine (4- AA), 4-acetyl aminoantipyrine (4-AAA), 4-formyl aminoantipyrine (4-FAA), venlafaxine and benzoylecgonine. The aqueous and solid phases of the sewage sludge were analyzed making use of Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE) and UltraSonic Extraction (USE) for sample treatment, respectively. The methods were validated at three concentration levels: 0.2, 2 and 20mg L 1 for the aqueous phase, and 50, 500 and 2000mg kg 1 for the solid phase of the sludge. In general, the method was satisfactorily validated, showing good recoveries (70–120%) and precision (RSD < 20%). Regarding the limit of quantification (LOQ), it was below 0.1mg L 1 in the aqueous phase and below 50mg kg 1 in the solid phase for the majority of the analytes. The method applicability was tested by analysis of samples from a wider study on degradation of emerging pollutants in sewage sludge under anaerobic digestion. The key benefits of these methodologies are: SPE and USE are appropriate sample procedures to extract selected emerging contaminants from the aqueous phase of the sewage sludge and the solid residue. LC–MS/MS is highly suitable for determining emerging contaminants in both sludge phases. Up to our knowledge, the main metabolites of dipyrone had not been studied before in sewage sludge. ãFinancial support of Generalitat Valenciana (Prometeo II/2014/023,ISIC/2014/016

Behaviour of emerging contaminants in sewage sludge after anaerobic digestion

Nowadays, there is an increasing concern over the presence of contaminants in the aquatic environment, where they can be introduced from wastewater after their incomplete removal in the treatment plants. In this work, degradation of selected emerging pollutants in the aqueous and solid phases of sewage sludge has been investigated after anaerobic digestion using two different digesters: mesophilic and thermophilic. Initially, sludge samples were screened by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF MS) for identification of emerging contaminants in the samples. In a second step, a target quantitative method based on LC coupled to tandem MS was applied for selected pollutants identified in the previous screening. The behaviour of the compounds under anaerobic conditions was studied estimating the degradation efficiency and distribution of compounds between both sludge phases. Irbesartan and benzoylecgonine seemed to be notably degraded in both phases of the sludge. Venlafaxine showed a significant concentration decrease in the aqueous phase in parallel to an increase in the solid phase. The majority of the compounds showed an increase of their concentrations in both phases after the digestion. Concentrations in the solid phase were commonly higher than in the aqueous for most contaminants, indicating that they were preferentially adsorbed onto the solid particles.The authors are very grateful to the Ecophysiology and Biotechnology group (University Jaume I) and to The Institute of Aquaculture “Torre de la Sal” (IATS) (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC) for using their lyophilizer systems. The financial support of Generalitat Valenciana (Prometeo II/2014/023, ISIC/2014/016) is also acknowledged

Nanosized Sodium-Doped Lanthanum Manganites: Role of the Synthetic Route on their Physical Properties

In this paper we present the results of the synthesis and characterisation of nanocrystalline La1-xNaxMnO3+delta samples. Two synthetic routes were employed: polyacrylamide-based sol-gel and propellant synthesis. Pure, single phase materials were obtained with grain size around 35 nm for the sol-gel samples and around 55 nm for the propellant ones, which moreover present a more broaden grain size distribution. For both series a superparamagnetic behaviour was evidenced by means of magnetisation and EPR measurements with peculiar features ascribable to the different grain sizes and morphology. Preliminary magnetoresistivity measurements show enhanced low-field (< 1 T) magnetoresistance values which suggest an interesting applicative use of these manganites.Comment: 31 Pages 10 Figures to appear in Chem. Mate