21 research outputs found

    Absence of neural speech discrimination in preterm infants at term-equivalent age

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    Children born preterm are at higher risk to develop language deficits. Auditory speech discrimination deficits may be early signs for language developmental problems. The present study used functional near-infrared spectroscopy to investigate neural speech discrimination in 15 preterm infants at term-equivalent age compared to 15 full term neonates. The full term group revealed a significantly greater hemodynamic response to forward compared to backward speech within the left hemisphere extending from superior temporal to inferior parietal and middle and inferior frontal areas. In contrast, the preterm group did not show differences in their hemodynamic responses during forward versus backward speech, thus, they did not discriminate speech from non-speech. Groups differed significantly in their responses to forward speech, whereas they did not differ in their responses to backward speech. The significant differences between groups point to an altered development of the functional network underlying language acquisition in preterm infants as early as in term-equivalent age

    Lokalisation von Sprachfunktionen

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    Hintergrund: Zentrales Anliegen der sieben Forschungsarbeiten, die dieser kumulativen Habilitationsschrift zugrunde liegen, ist es, mithilfe verschiedener Ansätze einen Beitrag zum Verständnis der neuronalen Architektur von Sprache bei Gesunden wie auch bei sprachbeeinträchtigten Patienten zu liefern.Material und Methoden: In den sieben Studien der kumulativen Habilitationsschrift wurde deshalb die Lokalisation von Sprache aus drei verschiedenen Blickwinkeln untersucht. Zwei Läsionsstudien weisen auf die linguistische Funktion definierter Hirnareale hin, zwei Syndromstudien stellen die Beziehung zwischen bestimmten linguistischen Defiziten und Läsionen dar, und drei weitere Studien geben mithilfe von verschiedenen Lokalisationsverfahren wie der elektrokortikalen Stimulation und dem fMRT Aufschluss über die individuelle Sprachlokalisation bei Gesunden und Patienten.Ergebnisse: Die vorliegende Habilitationsschrift belegt, dass nicht nur laterale, sondern auch mesiale Anteile des Temporallappens der sprachdominanten Hemisphäre, einschließlich des Hippokampus, am Netzwerk der semantischen Sprachverarbeitung bei Gesunden beteiligt sind. Sie zeigt desweiteren, dass Läsionen in temporomesialen Arealen zu bleibenden semantischen Sprachdefiziten führen können. Zusätzlich stellt sie dar, dass Läsionen in distinkter Lokalisation und sogar in der kontralateralen Hemisphäre ähnliche linguistische Defizite verursachen, und umschriebene Läsionen gleicher Lokalisation zu unterschiedlichen linguistischen Defiziten führen können.Diskussion: Diese Befunde verweisen auf eine große interindividuelle Variabilität der Sprachrepräsentation bei Gesunden und neurologischen Patienten. So betonen sie die Wichtigkeit der individuellen Lokalisation von Sprachfunktionen vor neurochirurgischen Eingriffen

    Genetische und phänotypische Analyse einer Münsteraner Familie mit spezifischer Sprachentwicklungsstörung

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    Hintergrund: Als typische Symptome von spezifischen Sprachentwicklungsstörungen gelten Beeinträchtigungen in den verschiedensten Teilbereichen der Sprache, wobei die Störungsmuster sehr heterogen beschrieben sind. Die Ätiopathogenese ist bisher noch nicht vollständig geklärt. Es wird eine multifaktorielle Ätiologie vermutet.In unserer Studie führten wir in einer Familie, in der wir über mehrere Generationen spezifische Sprachentwicklungsstörungen diagnostiziert hatten, genetische Analysen durch. Ziel dieser Studie war es, einen definierten Genotyp für die phänotypischen Erscheinungen in der Familie zu bestimmen.Material und Methoden: Im ersten Schritt haben wir mit einer linguistischen Testbatterie die Familienmitglieder getestet.Im zweiten Schritt führten wir eine Kopplungsanalyse durch. Wir verwendeten Mikrosatellitenmarker von 9 DYX-Loci: DYX 1, 15q21; DYX2, 6p21, DYX3, 2p16-p15; DYX 4, 6q13-q16; DYX5, 3p12-q12; DYX6, 18p11; DYX 7, 11p15; DYX8, 1p34-p36 und DYX9, Xp27.Ergebnisse: Die phänotypischen Erscheinungen der Familie ließen sich in vier Gruppen einteilen: "Unauffällig", "SLI", "Dyslexie/Isolierte Rechtschreibstörung" und "Isolierte Arbeitsgedächtnisschwäche". Bei keinem der verwendeten Marker ergab sich eine Kopplung mit dem Phänotyp.Diskussion: Das Verteilungsmuster der Sprachschwächen innerhalb der Familie zeigte eine ausgeprägte Heterogenität. Mit den bisher verwendeten Markern konnte kein definierter Genotyp bestimmt werden. Wir vermuten, dass das Zusammenspiel von mehreren Genen, unter dem Einfluss der Umweltfaktoren zu Ausprägungen von spezifischen Sprachentwicklungsstörungen führt. Weitere genetische Analysen mit dem New Generation Sequenzer laufen

    The duration of intrauterine development influences discrimination of speech prosody in infants

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    Auditory speech discrimination is essential for normal language development. Children born preterm are at greater risk of language developmental delays. Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy at term-equivalent age, the present study investigated early discrimination of speech prosody in 62 neonates born between week 23 and 41 of gestational age (GA). We found a significant positive correlation between GA at birth and neural discrimination of forward versus backward speech at term-equivalent age. Cluster analysis identified a critical threshold at around week 32 of GA, pointing out the existence of subgroups. Infants born before week 32 of GA exhibited a significantly different pattern of hemodynamic response to speech stimuli compared to infants born at or after week 32 of GA. Thus, children born before the GA of 32\ua0weeks are especially vulnerable to early speech discrimination deficits. To support their early language development, we therefore suggest a close follow-up and additional speech and language therapy especially in the group of children born before week 32 of GA

    Sex differences in neural processing of speech in neonates

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    The large majority of studies shows that girls develop their language skills faster than boys in the first few years of life. Are girls born with this advantage in language development? The present study used fNIRS in neonates to investigate sex differences in neural pro-cessing of speech within the first days of life. We found that speech stimuli elicited significantly more brain activity than non-speech stimuli in both groups of male and fe-male neonates. However, whereas girls showed significant HbO changes to speech stimuli only within the left hemisphere, boys exhibited simultaneous neural activations in both hemispheres, with a larger and more significant fronto-temporal cluster in the right hemisphere. Furthermore, in boys, the variation in time-to-peak latencies was consider-ably greater than in girls. These findings suggest an earlier maturation of language-related brain areas in girls and highlight the importance of sex-specific investigations of neural language networks in infants.(c) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

    Accent discrimination abilities during the first days of life: An fNIRS study

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    Humans are biologically endowed with the faculty of language. However, the way neonates can crack this complex communicative code is yet not totally understood. While phonetic discrimination has been widely investigated in neonates, less is known about the role of supra-segments patterns in the recognition of native language. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate accent discrimination abilities in newborns in a sentential prosody paradigm. We used near-infared spectroscopy to investigate accent discrimination in 21 full-term born infants within the first days of life. Sentential prosody was used to investigate: (a) native accent, (b) foreign accent, and (c) flattened accent. Neonates revealed a significantly smaller hemodynamic response to native accent compared to flattened accent and foreign accent, respectively. Cluster-based permutation analysis revealed two clusters with a significant difference between the two conditions native accent and foreign accent. The first cluster covered the middle and superior frontal, middle and superior temporal, central, and parietal areas within the left hemisphere. The second cluster, located in the right hemisphere, covered inferior, middle, and superior frontal, central, middle and superior temporal areas. We therefore conclude that neonates can differentiate prosodic features like accents within the same language a few days after birth

    Presurgical localization of language regions and their networks

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    MEG language-evoked fields (LEFs) are reliably used for detecting the dominant hemisphere of language processing. This laterality measure is based on the accurate localization of Broca’s and Wernicke’s activated areas during language processing. There are several tasks ranging from semantic decision-making, verb generation, and picture naming to auditory word presentation that have been used with success. These tasks can be expressive (where Broca’s activity is strongly activated) or receptive (where Wernicke’s is strongly activated). In the general population, most right-handed individuals are left hemispheric dominant for language. Patients requiring surgical resection will have language mapping performed, so the surgeon can be aware that there may be displacement of either or both Broca’s and Wernicke’s language processing areas near the planned resection site. Since epilepsy may disrupt only Broca’s or only Wernicke’s networks, it is wise to map both expressive and receptive language processing. The use of MEG neuroimaging techniques is needed to reliably predict altered language networks in patients and to provide definitive identification of language eloquent cortices for localization and lateralization necessary for clinical care
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