5,955 research outputs found
Routh reduction and the class of magnetic Lagrangian systems
In this paper, some new aspects related to Routh reduction of Lagrangian
systems with symmetry are discussed. The main result of this paper is the
introduction of a new concept of transformation that is applicable to systems
obtained after Routh reduction of Lagrangian systems with symmetry, so-called
magnetic Lagrangian systems. We use these transformations in order to show
that, under suitable conditions, the reduction with respect to a (full)
semi-direct product group is equivalent to the reduction with respect to an
Abelian normal subgroup. The results in this paper are closely related to the
more general theory of Routh reduction by stages.Comment: 23 page
Lie Groups and mechanics: an introduction
The aim of this paper is to present aspects of the use of Lie groups in
mechanics. We start with the motion of the rigid body for which the main
concepts are extracted. In a second part, we extend the theory for an arbitrary
Lie group and in a third section we apply these methods for the diffeomorphism
group of the circle with two particular examples: the Burger equation and the
Camassa-Holm equation
Nonaffine Correlations in Random Elastic Media
Materials characterized by spatially homogeneous elastic moduli undergo
affine distortions when subjected to external stress at their boundaries, i.e.,
their displacements \uv (\xv) from a uniform reference state grow linearly
with position \xv, and their strains are spatially constant. Many materials,
including all macroscopically isotropic amorphous ones, have elastic moduli
that vary randomly with position, and they necessarily undergo nonaffine
distortions in response to external stress. We study general aspects of
nonaffine response and correlation using analytic calculations and numerical
simulations. We define nonaffine displacements \uv' (\xv) as the difference
between \uv (\xv) and affine displacements, and we investigate the
nonaffinity correlation function
and related functions. We introduce four model random systems with random
elastic moduli induced by locally random spring constants, by random
coordination number, by random stress, or by any combination of these. We show
analytically and numerically that scales as A |\xv|^{-(d-2)}
where the amplitude is proportional to the variance of local elastic moduli
regardless of the origin of their randomness. We show that the driving force
for nonaffine displacements is a spatial derivative of the random elastic
constant tensor times the constant affine strain. Random stress by itself does
not drive nonaffine response, though the randomness in elastic moduli it may
generate does. We study models with both short and long-range correlations in
random elastic moduli.Comment: 22 Pages, 18 figures, RevTeX
A millimeter-wave antireflection coating for cryogenic silicon lenses
We have developed and tested an antireflection (AR) coating method for
silicon lenses at cryogenic temperatures and millimeter wavelengths. Our
particular application is a measurement of the cosmic microwave background. The
coating consists of machined pieces of Cirlex glued to the silicon. The
measured reflection from an AR coated flat piece is less than 1.5% at the
design wavelength. The coating has been applied to flats and lenses and has
survived multiple thermal cycles from 300 to 4 K. We present the manufacturing
method, the material properties, the tests performed, and estimates of the loss
that can be achieved in practical lenses
Routhian reduction for quasi-invariant Lagrangians
In this paper we describe Routhian reduction as a special case of standard
symplectic reduction, also called Marsden-Weinstein reduction. We use this
correspondence to present a generalization of Routhian reduction for
quasi-invariant Lagrangians, i.e. Lagrangians that are invariant up to a total
time derivative. We show how functional Routhian reduction can be seen as a
particular instance of reduction of a quasi-invariant Lagrangian, and we
exhibit a Routhian reduction procedure for the special case of Lagrangians with
quasi-cyclic coordinates. As an application we consider the dynamics of a
charged particle in a magnetic field.Comment: 24 pages, 3 figure
Discrete Lie Advection of Differential Forms
In this paper, we present a numerical technique for performing Lie advection
of arbitrary differential forms. Leveraging advances in high-resolution finite
volume methods for scalar hyperbolic conservation laws, we first discretize the
interior product (also called contraction) through integrals over Eulerian
approximations of extrusions. This, along with Cartan's homotopy formula and a
discrete exterior derivative, can then be used to derive a discrete Lie
derivative. The usefulness of this operator is demonstrated through the
numerical advection of scalar fields and 1-forms on regular grids.Comment: Accepted version; to be published in J. FoC
Spacelike surfaces with free boundary in the Lorentz-Minkowski space
We investigate a variational problem in the Lorentz-Minkowski space \l^3
whose critical points are spacelike surfaces with constant mean curvature and
making constant contact angle with a given support surface along its common
boundary. We show that if the support surface is a pseudosphere, then the
surface is a planar disc or a hyperbolic cap. We also study the problem of
spacelike hypersurfaces with free boundary in the higher dimensional
Lorentz-Minkowski space \l^{n+1}.Comment: 16 pages. Accepted in Classical and Quantum Gravit
Winds of Planet Hosting Stars
The field of exoplanetary science is one of the most rapidly growing areas of
astrophysical research. As more planets are discovered around other stars, new
techniques have been developed that have allowed astronomers to begin to
characterise them. Two of the most important factors in understanding the
evolution of these planets, and potentially determining whether they are
habitable, are the behaviour of the winds of the host star and the way in which
they interact with the planet. The purpose of this project is to reconstruct
the magnetic fields of planet hosting stars from spectropolarimetric
observations, and to use these magnetic field maps to inform simulations of the
stellar winds in those systems using the Block Adaptive Tree Solar-wind Roe
Upwind Scheme (BATS-R-US) code. The BATS-R-US code was originally written to
investigate the behaviour of the Solar wind, and so has been altered to be used
in the context of other stellar systems. These simulations will give
information about the velocity, pressure and density of the wind outward from
the host star. They will also allow us to determine what influence the winds
will have on the space weather environment of the planet. This paper presents
the preliminary results of these simulations for the star Bo\"otis,
using a newly reconstructed magnetic field map based on previously published
observations. These simulations show interesting structures in the wind
velocity around the star, consistent with the complex topology of its magnetic
field.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in the peer-reviewed
proceedings of the 14th Australian Space Research Conference, held at the
University of South Australia, 29th September - 1st October 201
On the use of projectors for Hamiltonian systems and their relationship with Dirac brackets
The role of projectors associated with Poisson brackets of constrained
Hamiltonian systems is analyzed. Projectors act in two instances in a bracket:
in the explicit dependence on the variables and in the computation of the
functional derivatives. The role of these projectors is investigated by using
Dirac's theory of constrained Hamiltonian systems. Results are illustrated by
three examples taken from plasma physics: magnetohydrodynamics, the
Vlasov-Maxwell system, and the linear two-species Vlasov system with
quasineutrality
Non-ergodicity of the motion in three dimensional steep repelling dispersing potentials
It is demonstrated numerically that smooth three degrees of freedom
Hamiltonian systems which are arbitrarily close to three dimensional strictly
dispersing billiards (Sinai billiards) have islands of effective stability, and
hence are non-ergodic. The mechanism for creating the islands are corners of
the billiard domain.Comment: 6 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Chao
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