"Das ist wie \u27ne Waage". Wissen und Haltung in sozialen Dienstleistungsberufen

In ihrer Analyse der sozialstaatlichen Rahmung und der Besonderheiten der Erbringung personenbezogener sozialer Dienstleistungen befragt die Autorin sozial Dienstleistende, wovon ihr Professions- und Handlungswissen bestimmt und geprägt wird. Ein wichtiger Befund ist, dass sich die Befragten der Existenz und der Merkmale verschiedener Wissensformen bewusst sind, ebenso wie den ganz unterschiedlichen Bedeutungen, die diesen für das professionelle Handeln in sozialen Dienstleistungsberufen zukommt. Die professionellen Handlungen der Fachkräfte orientieren sich - den Selbstauskünften folgend - zunächst an individuellen biografischen Themen, an Haltungsfragen und an Routinen. Dem wissenschaftlichen Wissen dagegen wird theoretisch die Bedeutung zugeschrieben, die handlungspraktischen Wissensformen zu kontrastieren oder zu relationieren, insbesondere um Menschen als \u27Ganze\u27 in ihren gesamten Lebensumständen wahrnehmen zu können. In der Praxis sieht dies anders aus: Der Umgang mit den verschiedenen Wissensformen gestalte sich aufgrund fehlender zeitlicher und personeller Ressourcen, flexibel\u27 und \u27selektiv\u27. Wenn Wissenschaftswissen produktiv angewandt wird, dann in der Regel neben der (berufs-)biografisch entstandenen Haltung als Teil der Reflexionsfolie des eigenen Handelns. Dass verschiedene Formen von Wissen relationiert werden müssen, erscheint als Ideal, das nicht an der Inkompatibilität der Wissensformen, sondern an den fehlenden Bedingungen hierfür in der Praxis versagt. (DIPF/Verlag

Contralateral delay activity as a marker of visual working memory capacity: a multi-site registered replication

Visual working memory (VWM) is a temporary storage system capable of retaining information that can be accessed and manipulated by higher cognitive processes, thereby facilitating a wide range of cognitive functions. Electroencephalography (EEG) is used to understand the neural correlates of VWM with high temporal precision, and one commonly used EEG measure is an event-related potential called the contralateral delay activity (CDA). In a landmark study by Vogel and Machizawa (2004), the authors found that the CDA amplitude increases with the number of items stored in VWM and plateaus around three to four items, which is thought to represent the typical adult working memory capacity. Critically, this study also showed that the increase in CDA amplitude between two-item and four-item arrays correlated with individual subjects’ VWM performance. Although these results have been supported by subsequent studies, a recent study suggested that the number of subjects used in experiments investigating the CDA may not be sufficient to detect differences in set size and to provide a reliable account of the relationship between behaviorally measured VWM capacity and the CDA amplitude. To address this, the current study, as part of the #EEGManyLabs project, aims to conduct a multi-site replication of Vogel and Machizawa's (2004) seminal study on a large sample of participants, with a pre-registered analysis plan. Through this, our goal is to contribute to deepening our understanding of the neural correlates of visual working memory

Peri-operative red blood cell transfusion in neonates and infants: NEonate and Children audiT of Anaesthesia pRactice IN Europe: A prospective European multicentre observational study

BACKGROUND: Little is known about current clinical practice concerning peri-operative red blood cell transfusion in neonates and small infants. Guidelines suggest transfusions based on haemoglobin thresholds ranging from 8.5 to 12 g dl-1, distinguishing between children from birth to day 7 (week 1), from day 8 to day 14 (week 2) or from day 15 (≥week 3) onwards. OBJECTIVE: To observe peri-operative red blood cell transfusion practice according to guidelines in relation to patient outcome. DESIGN: A multicentre observational study. SETTING: The NEonate-Children sTudy of Anaesthesia pRactice IN Europe (NECTARINE) trial recruited patients up to 60 weeks' postmenstrual age undergoing anaesthesia for surgical or diagnostic procedures from 165 centres in 31 European countries between March 2016 and January 2017. PATIENTS: The data included 5609 patients undergoing 6542 procedures. Inclusion criteria was a peri-operative red blood cell transfusion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary endpoint was the haemoglobin level triggering a transfusion for neonates in week 1, week 2 and week 3. Secondary endpoints were transfusion volumes, 'delta haemoglobin' (preprocedure - transfusion-triggering) and 30-day and 90-day morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: Peri-operative red blood cell transfusions were recorded during 447 procedures (6.9%). The median haemoglobin levels triggering a transfusion were 9.6 [IQR 8.7 to 10.9] g dl-1 for neonates in week 1, 9.6 [7.7 to 10.4] g dl-1 in week 2 and 8.0 [7.3 to 9.0] g dl-1 in week 3. The median transfusion volume was 17.1 [11.1 to 26.4] ml kg-1 with a median delta haemoglobin of 1.8 [0.0 to 3.6] g dl-1. Thirty-day morbidity was 47.8% with an overall mortality of 11.3%. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate lower transfusion-triggering haemoglobin thresholds in clinical practice than suggested by current guidelines. The high morbidity and mortality of this NECTARINE sub-cohort calls for investigative action and evidence-based guidelines addressing peri-operative red blood cell transfusions strategies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02350348

Gaia Early Data Release 3: Structure and properties of the Magellanic Clouds

We compare the Gaia DR2 and Gaia EDR3 performances in the study of the Magellanic Clouds and show the clear improvements in precision and accuracy in the new release. We also show that the systematics still present in the data make the determination of the 3D geometry of the LMC a difficult endeavour; this is at the very limit of the usefulness of the Gaia EDR3 astrometry, but it may become feasible with the use of additional external data. We derive radial and tangential velocity maps and global profiles for the LMC for the several subsamples we defined. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the two planar components of the ordered and random motions are derived for multiple stellar evolutionary phases in a galactic disc outside the Milky Way, showing the differences between younger and older phases. We also analyse the spatial structure and motions in the central region, the bar, and the disc, providing new insights into features and kinematics. Finally, we show that the Gaia EDR3 data allows clearly resolving the Magellanic Bridge, and we trace the density and velocity flow of the stars from the SMC towards the LMC not only globally, but also separately for young and evolved populations. This allows us to confirm an evolved population in the Bridge that is slightly shift from the younger population. Additionally, we were able to study the outskirts of both Magellanic Clouds, in which we detected some well-known features and indications of new ones

Retrospective evaluation of whole exome and genome mutation calls in 746 cancer samples

Funder: NCI U24CA211006Abstract: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) curated consensus somatic mutation calls using whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), respectively. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, which aggregated whole genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancers across 38 tumour types, we compare WES and WGS side-by-side from 746 TCGA samples, finding that ~80% of mutations overlap in covered exonic regions. We estimate that low variant allele fraction (VAF < 15%) and clonal heterogeneity contribute up to 68% of private WGS mutations and 71% of private WES mutations. We observe that ~30% of private WGS mutations trace to mutations identified by a single variant caller in WES consensus efforts. WGS captures both ~50% more variation in exonic regions and un-observed mutations in loci with variable GC-content. Together, our analysis highlights technological divergences between two reproducible somatic variant detection efforts

Setzen sich Menschenrechte als Normen Sozialer Altenarbeit durch?

Gefördert im Rahmen des Projekts DEA

Einflussfaktoren auf die Teilnahme am Mammographie-Screening in Europa - Eine systematische Übersicht

Berens E-M, Fettah F, Reder M, Kolip P, Spallek J. Einflussfaktoren auf die Teilnahme am Mammographie-Screening in Europa - Eine systematische Übersicht. In: Markus Löffler, Steffi G. Riedel-Heller, ed. Abstractband der 8. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Epidemiologie und 1. Internationales LIFE Symposium. 2013: 161-162

Teilnahmeraten von Frauen mit türkischem Migrationshintergrund am Mammographie-Screening-Programm in Deutschland.

Berens E-M, Stahl L, Yilmaz-Aslan Y, Sauzet O, Spallek J, Razum O. Teilnahmeraten von Frauen mit türkischem Migrationshintergrund am Mammographie-Screening-Programm in Deutschland. In: Markus Löffler, Steffi G. Riedel-Heller, ed. Abstractband der 8. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Epidemiologie und 1. Internationales LIFE Symposium. 2013: 161