317 research outputs found
Amplification by stochastic interference
A new method is introduced to obtain a strong signal by the interference of
weak signals in noisy channels. The method is based on the interference of 1/f
noise from parallel channels. One realization of stochastic interference is the
auditory nervous system. Stochastic interference may have broad potential
applications in the information transmission by parallel noisy channels
Tipping points and regime shifts in reindeer husbandry:a systems approach
This chapter addresses the challenges to reindeer husbandry in Fennoscandia from a systems perspective. Drawing on information in other chapters in this book, the specific focus is on so called tipping points, or abrupt changes in the coupled social-ecological system. Tipping points may occur when external drivers push a system to an alternative system state, characterized by different feedbacks than in the original state. Compared to âidealâ or traditional reindeer husbandry, examples of alternative states include reliance on supplementary feeding to compensate for losses of pastures, fencing herds to provide protection from predation, becoming a meat-processing industry based on more centralized herding practices and a total loss of reindeer husbandry. All of these states are seen as undesirable by the herders. Reindeer husbandry, as it is currently practised, requires intact social-ecological relationships within the herding districts, as well as in their interaction with the external society. These system qualities need to be strengthened as they innately provide resilience, and will demand structural, institutional and legislative changes, but also discursive changes of how we imagine what sustainability is, and whether herders are treated as one of many stakeholders or as the rights holders that they really are according to the law
Algebraic totality, towards completeness
Finiteness spaces constitute a categorical model of Linear Logic (LL) whose
objects can be seen as linearly topologised spaces, (a class of topological
vector spaces introduced by Lefschetz in 1942) and morphisms as continuous
linear maps. First, we recall definitions of finiteness spaces and describe
their basic properties deduced from the general theory of linearly topologised
spaces. Then we give an interpretation of LL based on linear algebra. Second,
thanks to separation properties, we can introduce an algebraic notion of
totality candidate in the framework of linearly topologised spaces: a totality
candidate is a closed affine subspace which does not contain 0. We show that
finiteness spaces with totality candidates constitute a model of classical LL.
Finally, we give a barycentric simply typed lambda-calculus, with booleans
and a conditional operator, which can be interpreted in this
model. We prove completeness at type for
every n by an algebraic method
On the Numerical Study of the Complexity and Fractal Dimension of CMB Anisotropies
We consider the problem of numerical computation of the Kolmogorov complexity
and the fractal dimension of the anisotropy spots of Cosmic Microwave
Background (CMB) radiation. Namely, we describe an algorithm of estimation of
the complexity of spots given by certain pixel configuration on a grid and
represent the results of computations for a series of structures of different
complexity. Thus, we demonstrate the calculability of such an abstract
descriptor as the Kolmogorov complexity for CMB digitized maps. The correlation
of complexity of the anisotropy spots with their fractal dimension is revealed
as well. This technique can be especially important while analyzing the data of
the forthcoming space experiments.Comment: LATEX, 3 figure
Dynamical fluctuations for semi-Markov processes
We develop an Onsager-Machlup-type theory for nonequilibrium semi-Markov
processes. Our main result is an exact large time asymptotics for the joint
probability of the occupation times and the currents in the system,
establishing some generic large deviation structures. We discuss in detail how
the nonequilibrium driving and the non-exponential waiting time distribution
influence the occupation-current statistics. The violation of the Markov
condition is reflected in the emergence of a new type of nonlocality in the
fluctuations. Explicit solutions are obtained for some examples of driven
random walks on the ring.Comment: Minor changes, accepted for publication in Journal of Physics
Ω-Arithmetization of Ellipses
International audienceMulti-resolution analysis and numerical precision problems are very important subjects in fields like image analysis or geometrical modeling. In the continuation of our previous works, we propose to apply the method of Ω-arithmetization to ellipses. We obtain a discrete multi-resolution representation of arcs of ellipses. The corresponding algorithms are completely constructive and thus, can be exactly translated into functional computer programs. Moreover, we give a global condition for the connectivity of the discrete curves generated by the method at every scale
Univalent Foundations and the UniMath Library
We give a concise presentation of the Univalent Foundations of mathematics outlining the main ideas, followed by a discussion of the UniMath library of formalized mathematics implementing the ideas of the Univalent Foundations (section 1), and the challenges one faces in attempting to design a large-scale library of formalized mathematics (section 2). This leads us to a general discussion about the links between architecture and mathematics where a meeting of minds is revealed between architects and mathematicians (section 3). On the way our odyssey from the foundations to the "horizon" of mathematics will lead us to meet the mathematicians David Hilbert and Nicolas Bourbaki as well as the architect Christopher Alexander
Large deviations for a damped telegraph process
In this paper we consider a slight generalization of the damped telegraph
process in Di Crescenzo and Martinucci (2010). We prove a large deviation
principle for this process and an asymptotic result for its level crossing
probabilities (as the level goes to infinity). Finally we compare our results
with the analogous well-known results for the standard telegraph process
Unpacking reindeer husbandry governance in Sweden, Norway and Finland:A political discursive perspective
Evaluation of two dairy herd reproductive performance indicators that are adjusted for voluntary waiting period
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Overall reproductive performance of dairy herds is monitored by various indicators. Most of them do not consider all eligible animals and do not consider different management strategies at farm level. This problem can be alleviated by measuring the proportion of pregnant cows by specific intervals after their calving date or after a fixed time period, such as the voluntary waiting period. The aim of this study was to evaluate two reproductive performance indicators that consider the voluntary waiting period at the herd. The two indicators were: percentage of pregnant cows in the herd after the voluntary waiting period plus 30 days (PV30) and percentage of inseminated cows in the herd after the voluntary waiting period plus 30 days (IV30). We wanted to assess how PV30 and IV30 perform in a simulation of herds with different reproductive management and physiology and to compare them to indicators of reproductive performance that do not consider the herd voluntary waiting period.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>To evaluate the reproductive indicators we used the SimHerd-program, a stochastic simulation model, and 18 scenarios were simulated. The scenarios were designed by altering the reproductive management efficiency and the status of reproductive physiology of the herd. Logistic regression models, together with receiver operating characteristics (ROC), were used to examine how well the reproductive performance indicators could discriminate between herds of different levels of reproductive management efficiency or reproductive physiology.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The logistic regression models with the ROC analysis showed that IV30 was the indicator that best discriminated between different levels of management efficiency followed by PV30, calving interval, 200-days not-in calf-rate (NotIC200), in calf rate at100-days (IC100) and a fertility index. For reproductive physiology the ROC analysis showed that the fertility index was the indicator that best discriminated between different levels, followed by PV30, NotIC200, IC100 and the calving interval. IV30 could not discriminate between the two levels.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>PV30 is the single best performance indicator for estimating the level of both herd management efficiency and reproductive physiology followed by NotIC200 and IC100. This indicates that PV30 could be a potential candidate for inclusion in dairy herd improvement schemes.</p
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