Perceived parenting styles and adjustment during emerging adulthood: a cross-national perspective

The aim of the present study is to determine whether the influence of parenting style on children’s wellbeing is sustained during emerging adulthood. This is a stage in which young people, despite feeling themselves to be adults, often remain in the family home and continue to be financially dependent on their parents. Moreover, since parents’ beliefs, attitudes and behaviors are constructed and interpreted within their cultural milieu, the study also aims to explore the situation in Spain (SP) and Portugal (PT). Those two Southern Europe countries are representative of what is known as the “family welfare regime”, in which the family acts as the main provider of care and security not only during childhood, but also during emerging adulthood. Thus, the present study examines, from a cross-cultural perspective, the relationship between perceived parenting styles and psychological adjustment among a sample of 1047 emerging adults from Spain and Portugal. The results reveal that the most beneficial styles during this stage are the authoritative and permissive ones, with the authoritarian style being more closely related to psychological distress. The study highlights intercultural similarities and the positive role played by more symmetrical relationships in the adjustment of emerging adults in both countries.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad EDU2013-45687-RMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad RTI2018-097405-B-I0

Influence of Immunocastration and Diet on Meat and Fat Quality of Heavy Female and Male Pigs

Two experiments were carried out; one with female pigs and the other with male pigs destined for Teruel dry-cured ham production, to evaluate the effect of immunocastration (entire gilts-EG vs. immunocastrated gilts-IG and surgically castrated males vs. immunocastrated males-IM) and diet (control vs. high energy vs. low crude protein and amino acids) on meat quality and fat composition. Fifteen meat samples and eight fat samples of each treatment were analyzed in both experiments. In the case of males, six fat samples per treatment were analyzed to determine boar taint. Immunocastration is a good strategy in gilts intended for dry-cured ham production because improves meat composition; however, in males, immunocastration impairs the results of pork chemical composition compared with surgical castration. The IG presented a lower polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acids ratio than EG, improving fat technological quality. Diets had little effect on pork or fat quality in gilts, but a high-energy level using oilseeds and a low-crude-protein and -amino-acids diet from 80 to 137 kg of body weight could be interesting in IM to maintain or increase fat consistency, respectively. Moreover, in general, immunocastration is effective in avoiding boar taint in males.This research was funded by Agencia Estatal de Investigación—AEI—and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional—FEDER—(Project AGL2016-78532-R). L. Pérez-Ciria was supported by a fellowship from the Gobierno de Aragón in Spain

Long-Term Control of Endemic Hospital-Wide Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): The Impact of Targeted Active Surveillance for MRSA in Patients and Healthcare Workers

To evaluate the long-term impact of successive interventions on rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization or infection and MRSA bacteremia in an endemic hospital-wide situation. DESIGN:Quasi-experimental, interrupted time-series analysis. The impact of the interventions was analyzed by use of segmented regression. Representative MRSA isolates were typed by use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. SETTING:A 950-bed teaching hospital in Seville, Spain. PATIENTS:All patients admitted to the hospital during the period from 1995 through 2008. METHODS:Three successive interventions were studied: (1) contact precautions, with no active surveillance for MRSA; (2) targeted active surveillance for MRSA in patients and healthcare workers in specific wards, prioritized according to clinical epidemiology data; and (3) targeted active surveillance for MRSA in patients admitted from other medical centers. RESULTS:Neither the preintervention rate of MRSA colonization or infection (0.56 cases per 1,000 patient-days [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.49-0.62 cases per 1,000 patient-days]) nor the slope for the rate of MRSA colonization or infection changed significantly after the first intervention. The rate decreased significantly to 0.28 cases per 1,000 patient-days (95% CI, 0.17-0.40 cases per 1,000 patient-days) after the second intervention and to 0.07 cases per 1,000 patient-days (95% CI, 0.06-0.08 cases per 1,000 patient-days) after the third intervention, and the rate remained at a similar level for 8 years. The MRSA bacteremia rate decreased by 80%, whereas the rate of bacteremia due to methicillin-susceptible S. aureus did not change. Eighty-three percent of the MRSA isolates identified were clonally related. All MRSA isolates obtained from healthcare workers were clonally related to those recovered from patients who were in their care. CONCLUSION:Our data indicate that long-term control of endemic MRSA is feasible in tertiary care centers. The use of targeted active surveillance for MRSA in patients and healthcare workers in specific wards (identified by means of analysis of clinical epidemiology data) and the use of decolonization were key to the success of the program

Factores que condicionan la enseñanza de la salud pública en el pregrado de la Escuela de Medicina: Junio 1998-Junio 1999

Investigación evaluativa correspondiente a un estudio de caso aplicado a la Escuela de Medicina de la Universidad de El Salvador, con el objetivo de identificar los factores que condicionan la enseñanza de la salud pública en el pregrado de la Escuela de Medicina en la Universidad de ésta escuela. Se identificó el grado de conocimiento y dominio de la fundamentación filosófica del curriculum actual por parte de los docentes de las unidades de la escuela involucrados en la docencia de salud pública, dado que éste se asocia con el nivel de coherencia, integración y aceptación de los programas de salud pública de la Escuela de Medicina. También se investigó acerca de la percepción que los docentes poseen sobre los problemas y se identificaron los siguientes: insuficiente conocimiento y dominio de la fundamentación filosófica del curriculum; dificultades en la implementación del curriculum actual; falta de coherencia interna entre las asignaturas y la integración de todas ellas como eje. Para superar estos problemas se plantean una serie de recomendaciones, entre ellas: la realización de foros de discusión curricular, la búsqueda de la la integración horizontal y vertical; implantación de un programa de mejoramiento de la calidad en el desempeño docente, promoción de un plan de difusión de la utilidad de la salud pública y el establecimiento de instancias interdepartamentales de coordinación y seguimiento en la ejecución integrada de las materias de salud públic

Growth of Escherichia coli in human milk and powdered infant formula under various treatments and feeding conditions in neonatal units

Milk supplied to neonates in neonatal units is kept at room temperature for some time, which could influence microbial growth. This study aims to evaluate the growth of Escherichia coli in HM and PIF under various treatments and conditions, as well as to determine the influence of different thawing methods on microbial growth in HM. The number of E. coli generations appearing over a 4 h period at 22 °C in HM (frozen; frozen and pasteurized; and frozen, pasteurized, and fortified) and in PIF (four brands) was determined. E. coli counts in HM inoculated and thawed using different methods were also compared. In frozen HM and in pasteurized and frozen HM, significant differences were found after 2.5 h and 1.5 h, respectively. In PIF, differences were found between 1.5 and 3 h. With regard to the thawing process, the lowest microorganism counts were obtained at 4 °C overnight; thus, it seems advisable to store milk at room temperature for a maximum of 1 h during administration in neonatal units. Thawing HM at 4 °C overnight should be the method of choice

Characterization of progradational units in a coastal plain using ground-penetrating radar: Carchuna Beach (Granada SE Spain)

En este trabajo se analizan las estructuras internas de los cordones litorales desarrollados en la playa de Carchuna (Granada, SE de España) tras el máximo transgresivo del Holoceno. Para ello se han utilizado técnicas geofísicas, en concreto georradar, con antenas apantalladas de 100 y 250 MHz. La limitación del método en profundidad ha estado condicionada tanto por la posición del nivel freático (que atenúa la señal) como por la saturación en agua salada en los sedimentos de la línea de costa (que impide la penetración de la onda electromagnética). El estudio ha permitido detectar estructuras sedimentarias típicas de progradación de dunas costeras hacia el SE, en relación con un pulso regresivo. Se interpretan laminaciones asociadas al foreset y al topset. En la zona más próxima a la orilla aparecen laminaciones inclinadas hacia el mar, propias de la zona del foreshore actualThis paper analyses the internal structures of the progradational units developed in Carchuna Beach (Granada, SE Spain) after the maximum Holocene transgression. Geophysical prospecting techniques have been used, in particular ground-penetrating radar, with 100 and 250 MHz shielded antennas. The limitation of the method in penetration depth has been conditioned by the position of the water table (which attenuates the signal) and the saturation in seawater of the sediments at the shoreline (which prevents the penetration of the electromagnetic wave). The study has allowed us to detect typical sedimentary structures of progradation of coastal dunes towards the SE, linked to a regressive pulse. Laminations associated with foreset and topset were identified. In the area closest to the shoreline, laminations sloping towards the sea appear, characterizing the actual foreshore are

Programa SOU-estuTUTOR en el aula: Desarrollo de estrategias de aprendizaje y participación entre estudiantes

El programa SOU-estuTUTOR está diseñado como un programa de orientación universitaria entre iguales para que los estudiantes de últimos cursos de carrera (mentores) desarrollen tareas de tutorización con los estudiantes de primero de su titulación

Malnutrition in elementary rural schools in the municipality of Paso de Ovejas, Veracruz, Mexico

Objective: To evaluate malnutrition in basic education students from four rural schools belonging to the municipality of Paso de Ovejas, Veracruz, Mexico. Methodology: The study is based on the Participatory Action-Research (PAR) process, it is descriptive, analytical, non-experimental and cross-sectional. Through anthropometric measurements, the body mass index (BMI) was determined for 617 children and adolescents. To determine malnutrition, the tables proposed by the World Health Organization 2007 were taken as a reference, which indicate the BMI according to gender and age. Results: 47% of the students are in a normal nutritional state. In the rest of the student population, the problem of malnutrition predominated, with 43% being overweight and obese, and regarding malnutrition in its three levels (mild, moderate and severe), it had an impact on 10%, with girls being the most frequency to this problem. Implication: the study does not present dietary surveys or medical history of the students, since anthropometry is a method validated by the WHO. Findings: 53% of students face nutritional problems such as: overweight, obesity and malnutrition. Therefore, it is necessary to implement strategies in a participatory manner, as well as to develop a nutritional education program based on the “territorial food system” respecting their culture and, based on this, encourage the co-design of school and / or family gardens through agroecopedagogy.Objective: To assess malnutrition in elementary education students from four rural schools in the municipality of Paso de Ovejas, Veracruz, Mexico. Methodology: The study is based on the participatory action research process (PAR), a descriptive, analytical, non-experimental, and cross-sectional methodology. The body mass index (BMI) of 617 children and teenagers was measured through an anthropometric assessment. To determine malnutrition, the 2007 World Health Organization report which measures BMI according to gender and age was taken as reference. Results: Forty-seven percent of the students have a normal nutritional status. Among the rest of the student population, the problem of malnutrition is prevalent, with 43% being overweight or obese. Malnutrition in its three levels (mild, moderate, and severe) had an impact on 10% of the population, with girls being the most frequently affected. Implication: The study does not present dietary surveys nor students’ medical histories. Still, anthropometry is a method validated by WHO. Findings: Nutritional problems —such as overweight, obesity, and malnutrition— were observed in 53% of the students. Therefore, it is necessary to implement strategies that follow a participatory model and to develop a nutritional education program based on the “territorial food system”. This will foster respect for the local culture and encourage the co-design of school and/or family kitchen gardens through agro-ecopedagogy

Targeted Simplification Versus Antipseudomonal Broad-Spectrum Beta-Lactams in Patients With Bloodstream Infections Due to Enterobacteriaceae (SIMPLIFY): A Study Protocol for a Multicentre, Open-Label, Phase III Randomised, Controlled, Non-Inferiority Clinical Trial.

Introduction Within the context of antimicrobial stewardship programmes, de-escalation of antimicrobial therapy is one of the proposed strategies for reducing the unnecessary use of broad-spectrum antibiotics (BSA). The empirical treatment of nosocomial and some healthcare- associated bloodstream infections (BSI) frequently includes a beta-lactam with antipseudomonal activity as monotherapy or in combination with other drugs, so there is a great opportunity to optimise the empirical therapy based on microbiological data. De-escalation is assumed as standard of care for experts in infectious diseases. However, it is less frequent than it would desirable. Methods and analysis The SIMPLIFY trial is a multicentre, open-label, non-inferiority phase III randomised controlled clinical trial, designed as a pragmatic ‘real-practice’ trial. The aim of this trial is to demonstrate the non-inferiority of de-escalation from an empirical beta-lactam with antipseudomonal activity to a targeted narrow-spectrum antimicrobial in patients with BSI due to Enterobacteriaceae. The primary outcome is clinical cure, which will be assessed at the test of cure visit. It will be conducted at 19 Spanish public and university hospitals. Ethics and dissemination Each participating centre has obtained the approval of the ethics review committee, the agreement of the directors of the institutions and authorisation from the Spanish Regulatory Agency (Agencia Española del Medicamento y Productos Sanitarios). Data will be presented at international conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals. [Discussion] Strategies to reduce the use of BSA should be a priority. Most of the studies that support de-escalation are observational, retrospective and heterogeneous. A recent Cochrane review stated that well-designed clinical trials should be conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of de-escalation.Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII): PI15/00439, integrado en el Plan Nacional de I+D+i 2013-2016 y cofinanciado por la Unión Europea (ERDF/ESF, “Investing in your future”)

Young Nursing Student’s Knowledge and Attitudes about Contraceptive Methods

We would like to thank all the nursing students who voluntarily participated in this studyPurpose: Adolescence is considered a period in which individuals are particularly at risk of negative consequences related to sexual health. Increased knowledge levels have traditionally been used as an indicator of the effectiveness of educational programs, but attitudes are not addressed and are a key element for the success of such programs. The aim of this study is to determine the level of knowledge and attitudes toward the use of contraceptive methods among nursing students. A multicenter cross-sectional study was carried out. In total, 2914 university students (aged 18–25 years) enrolled in the study. Participants completed two validated scales to measure knowledge level and attitudes toward contraceptive use. Nursing degree students who received training about contraceptives obtained a success rate of over 70%, compared to 15.3% among students who had not received such training (p < 0.001). The mean attitude score was 43.45 points (10–50), but there were no significant differences in terms of student training (p = 0.435), although they were significantly higher among students who used contraceptives at first or last sexual intercourse (p < 0.001). There was a significant weak correlation between the level of knowledge and attitudes toward the use of contraceptives. An adequate level of knowledge about sexuality and contraceptive methods does not correspond to positive attitudes toward their use, although having an excellent attitude toward contraceptive use is related to their use during youth and adolescence