Revisión bibliográfica: alteraciones del primer radio y su implicación en la marcha

Traballo fin de grao (UDC.FEP). Podoloxía. Curso 2012/201

The Law of Justice and Peace and the Disappeared: a Critical Evaluation of Forensic Intervention as a Tool of Transitional Justice in Colombia

The first process of transitional justice in Colombia was implemented in 2005 through the Law of Justice and Peace (LJP) that focused on the demobilization of paramilitary groups under the government of Alvaro Uribe Vélez. Although the LJP has received multiple criticisms, state bureaucracy has portrayed forensic intervention as ‘the great success’ of the transitional justice process.In this dissertation, based on 11 months of ethnographic research in Colombia, I explore whether an efficient methodology existed on the part of forensic state agencies in order to find and identify the remains of forcibly disappeared persons and the role(s) that families have played in the forensic process from the investigation to the return of the remains of their relatives. Results indicate that despite the fact that there was a solid instrument like the National Search Plan for Disappeared Persons, the plan was irregularly and incompletely implemented. In fact, the search for the disappeared was mainly based on testimonial evidence provided by perpetrators, which was almost never verified and/or compared to other sources of information as it was assumed that the confession was true. This led to unmethodical archaeological recoveries and problems with the identification of remains as these almost always lacked a presumptive identity. Regarding the participation of families, results suggest that relatives have been treated more as sample donors than as active subjects in the forensic process.Finally, I examine if families’ perceptions of truth, justice and reparation have been fulfilled by forensic networks in the framework of the LJP. Results indicate that a ‘transitional friction’ occurs when the homogenizing concepts and ideas promoted by the discourse of transitional justice lift up particular understandings of truth, justice and reparation and ignore local perceptions of victims and grassroots communities. Particularly, I highlight as problematic the fact that forensic evidence, and thus, ‘forensic truths’ have not been used to aid judiciary investigations to reveal the responsibilities in the perpetration of the crime of forced disappearance, thus contributing to the impunity that is still enjoyed by many state agents who participated in this and many other crimes perpetrated in the company of paramilitaries

Density Functional Calculations of Self-Diffusion and Au Island Nucleation on Au(001) in the Presence of a Cl Adlayer

Homoepitaxy on metal surfaces at electrochemical environment has been adopted as model system to investigate the dependence of growth modes on sample potential and metal deposition rate as well as the influence of anions e.g. halides. In operando surface X-ray scattering (SXS) experiments at the interface between an Au(001) electrode and HCl + HAuCl_4 containing electrolyte Krug et al. have observed that the growth mode depends on the electrode potential and Au ion concentration. Transitions from 3D to layer-by-layer and to step-flow growth mode were observed at sample potentials, where the unreconstructed substrate surface is stable. To understand the morphology and differences of growing structures during electrodeposition model calculations for atomistic processes accounting for coadsorbed atoms are required. In this work density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been employed to investigate self-diffusion of a Au adatom and nucleation of Au islands on Cl covered unreconstructed Au(001) terraces. As step-flow growth mode involves rapid mass transport on flat terraces, diffusion mechanisms of a Au adatom on c(sqrt2 × 2sqrt2)R45°-Cl and c(2 × 2)-Cl Au(001) surfaces have been calculated with Cl coverage of 1/2 and in the presence of a Cl vacancy in the adlayer structure. A prerequisite for calculating diffusion mechanisms is the search of global energy minimum configurations, our DFT calculations have shown that the Au_(ad)Cl_2 complex stays stable at different Cl coverages. It has been found that in case of the fully Cl covered Au(001) surfaces the diffusion energy barriers are ≥ 0.44 eV. In the presence of a neighboring Cl vacancy the diffusion barriers are drastically reduced to about half of the value for the fully Cl covered surface. Thus, Au self-diffusion on covered surfaces is promoted by Cl vacancies. DFT calculations addressing the initial steps toward Au island nucleation on c(2 × 2)-Cl covered Au(001) surfaces have been carried out. The atomic geometry of Au_n adatom structures for n ≤ 4, as well as their stability as a function of Cl chemical potential has been determined. A weakly bonded (AuCl_2)-chain as the most stable structure has been identified in case of Cl chemical potentials such that Cl vacancies are suppressed. In the range of Cl chemical potential, where Cl vacancies occur in equilibrium with the adlayer and bind to a Au adatom structure, significant changes in regard to the Au_(ad) -structure are induced. Moreover, the formation of a dimer from two monomers is accompanied by an energy gain between 0.06 – 0.23 eV. For the formation of Au trimer and tetramer structures the calculations suggest a similar tendency. Results indicate that on c(2 × 2)-Cl covered Au(001) surfaces the Au_(ad) -island nucleation is supported by the presence of vacancies in the Cl adlayer. The dependence of the diffusion energy barriers on sample potential is estimated from the variation of the dipole moment along the diffusion path. However, for more reliable estimations the double layer capacity and the potential of zero charge for the Au(001)/electrolyte interface are required. This work reveals the complex influence of the coadsorption of Cl atoms on the self-diffusion of Au adatom and the nucleation of Au islands. Our results refer to intralayer processes and nucleation on Cl covered terraces. The Cl adlayer strongly modifies the adsorption properties and energies of small Au clusters, which results in different diffusion mechanisms and Au cluster equilibrium structures compared to the clean surface. The concentration of halide vacancies in the Cl adlayer may play a decisive role for the self-diffusion and for the energetics of island nucleation

Modelo matemático que permite la optimización de la carga orgánica que se envía a Galápagos desde el Ecuador continental

The present research deals with the generation of a mathematical model using dynamic systems that allows to optimize the organic load that is sent to Galapagos from continental Ecuador by sea, in order to cover the demand of the inhabitants and tourists of the islands...La presente investigación trata sobre la generación de un modelo matemático utilizando sistemas dinámicos que permite optimizar la carga orgánica que se envía a Galápagos desde el Ecuador continental vía marítima, con el fin de cubrir la demanda de los habitantes y turistas de las islas..

The Transformation of the Roman World: resultados de un proycto de investigación

En el transcurso de los últimos años (1993-1998) se ha venido desarrollando un proyecto de investigación internacional sobre la transformación del mundo romano. Los ambiciosos objetivos perseguidos han hecho que durante cinco años más de un centenar de investigadores de una veintena de países hayan trabajado y discutido con el fin de profundizar en el conocimiento de lo que supuso la transformación del mundo romano en su paso de la antigüedad tardia a la alta edad media. Se trata por tanto de un proyecto que viene a sumarse a las importantes actividades que se están desarrollando actualmente por diferentes equipos europeos y estadounidenses y que se ha revelado como fundamental para avanzar en el complejo problema del proceso de transformación de la antigüedad tardía

El ciclo de regeneración material de la norma: una reflexión a partir de la ilegalidad de los despidos masivos no compensados en el terremoto de Ecuador

We propose, from the critical criminology debates results and the situation of illegal and massive layoffs that occurred in Ecuador because of the earthquake, a model to understand what we have called "the cycle of material regeneration of the norm". We propose that the model of production promotes the vulnerability of the rights that can be regenerated from the concept of equity and citizenship and, because of this, in the absence of a right with a compensatory vocation, that would accelerate its vulnerability. In discussion, a reflection is open on the idea of justice, explained from its compensatory function. In this regard, we offered as an example, the case of 144 layoffs in Manta for unjustified causes during the 2016 earthquake, as an illustration of the material regeneration cycle of the norm.Se propone, a partir del debate alcanzado en la criminología crítica, y de la situación de los despidos masivos no compensados que se produjeron en Ecuador por causa del terremoto, un modelo para comprender lo que aquí se denomina “el ciclo de regeneración material de la norma”. Se propone que el modo de producción promueve la vulneración de derechos, a regenerarse desde el interés de ciudadanía y el concepto de equidad, de tal suerte que, de no existir un derecho con vocación compensatoria, las vulneraciones se acelerarían. A manera de discusión, se abre una reflexión sobre la idea de justicia, explicada a partir de su función compensatoria. En este sentido, se ofrecen para su estudio los casos de 144 despidos en Manta por causas atribuidas al terremoto del 2016, considerados como una ilustración del ciclo de regeneración material de la norma

Apnea obstructiva del sueño y reflujo gastroesofágico, ¿existe correlación?

 Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a pathology whose diagnosis is becoming more important in recent decades, this condition is characterized by the presence of upper airway obstruction events. There are several studies that relate sleep apnea and pharyngolaryngeal reflux (PLR), finding a high frequency of the latter in patients with Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) compatible with OSAS. Objective: establish the relationship between the severity of sleep apnea and the presence of pharyngolaryngeal reflux. Materials and methods: Sixty-four patients attended at the Otorhinolaryngology Service of the International Clinic (San Borja Branch) were included, who underwent monitoring with the NEUROVIRTUAL BWIII and SOMTE V2 COMPUMEDICS 201 PSG equipment and a nasofibroscopic study based on the Belafsky laryngoscopic findings index. Results: In the study the most frequent age group was between 36 to 64 years old (73.43%), the predominant sex was male (87.5%) and with respect to body mass index (BMI) overweight (39.06%) predominated. Conclusions: In relation to apnea and pharyngolaryngeal reflux, it is established that moderate and severe reflux would be associated with higher apnea index, however in the present study it was not statistically significant. El Síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño (SAOS) es una patología cuyo diagnóstico está teniendo una mayor importancia en las últimas décadas, esta condición se caracteriza por presencia de eventos de obstrucción de las vías respiratorias superiores. Existen diversos estudios que relacionan apnea del sueño y reflujo faringolaríngeo (RLF), encontrando alta frecuencia de esta última en los pacientes con un Índice de apnea-hipopnea (IAH) compatible con SAOS. Objetivo: establecer la relación entre la severidad del apnea del sueño y la presencia de reflujo faringolaríngeo. Materiales y métodos: Se incluyeron 64 pacientes atendidos en el Servicio de Otorrinolaringología de la Clínica Internacional (Sede San Borja), los cuales fueron sometidos a monitorización con el equipo de PSG NEUROVIRTUAL BWIII y SOMTE V2 COMPUMEDICS 201 y un estudio nasofibroscópico en base al índice de hallazgos laringoscópicos de Belafsky. Resultados: En el estudio el grupo etario más frecuente se encontró entre las edades de los pacientes de 36 a 64 años (73.43%), el sexo predominante fue el masculino (87.5%) y con respecto al índice de masa corporal (IMC) predominó el sobrepeso (39.06 %). Conclusiones: En relación al apnea y el reflujo faringolaringeo, se establece que el reflujo moderado y severo estaría asociado a mayor índice de apnea, sin embargo en el presente estudio no resultó estadísticamente significativo

Organizaciones socialmente inteligentes: un aprendizaje colectivo, continuo y compartido

Las organizaciones socialmente inteligentes están ligadas con el aprendizaje que se debe generar al interior de la misma y que a su vez debe ser inculcado continuamente a todos y cada uno de los participes de la estructura. Este concepto se desarrolla en el contexto de la complejidad, ya que las organizaciones son entes vivos que están en constante cambio y que por ser conformadas por seres humanos están en un auto aprendizaje continuo, que debe ser compartido y comprendido y que debe ser comprendida como un equipo con capacidad de pensamiento sistémic