Uso de herramientas TIC y condiciones ergonómicas en docentes

El uso de herramientas TIC entre el profesorado ha crecido sustancialmente. Sin embargo, la exposición continuada a ordenadores y tablets son fuente de riesgos ergonómicos entre niños y docentes (Afterman, 2019). Las enseñanzas online son las que presentan un mayor riesgo de lesiones (Upadhyay et al., 2021) y el aumento de este tipo de docencia a raíz de la pandemia mundial ha contribuido al aumento de trastornos musculoesqueléticos (Soltaninejad et al., 2021). El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en conocer los principales riesgos ergonómicos del profesorado debido a la uso de herramientas digitales. La metodología empleada fue el uso del cuestionario ergonómico adaptado del método ERGOPAR V2.0 (Gardea et al., 2015). Este cuestionario forma parte de un procedimiento destinado a la mejora de la ergonomía de los trabajadores a partir de la participación de los propios trabajadores en la prevención de los riesgos laborales de esta naturaleza. Se realizó la distribución del cuestionario y recopilación de respuestas entre un total de 29 profesores. Los resultados mostraron la importancia de las lesiones en el cuello y espalda y hombros, debido a que la gran mayoría de los participantes presentaron algún tipo de molestia o dolor relacionada con la exposición a los dispositivos digitales. En menor medida también resultaron numerosos lo participantes que indicaron molestias en las manos y muñecas, así como en la zona lumbar. En base a los resultados se hace necesaria la implantación de nuevas medidas preventivas que mitiguen el efecto de los riesgos ergonómicos causados por la exposición a las herramientas TIC. En este sentido destacan la formación e información de los trabajadores en materia de ergonomía, y el rediseño de los puestos de trabajo para una mejor adaptación de los distintos equipos a los trabajadores que lo utilizan, y la racionalización del tiempo de exposición a los dispositivos digitales.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Gestión de riesgos emergentes en talleres de automoción

[ES] La temática de la tesis es el estudio el análisis de los riesgos presentes en los talleres de automoción haciendo un especial énfasis en los riesgos emergentes ligados a las nuevas tecnologías, en especial la implementada en coches eléctricos. Para ello se realizó un estudio estadístico de siniestralidad en el sector así como una valoración de los riesgos existentes mediantes paneles de expertos. Los resultados mostraron que la formación e información de los trabajadores deben de adaptarse tanto a los diferentes perfiles de siniestralidad encontrados en base a diferentes variables como pueden ser la edad, antigüedad del sector o tamaño de la empresa, y tener en cuenta las nuevas tecnologías. El diseño e implementación de nuevas medidas preventivas basadas en los resultados de este trabajo pueden reducir los riesgos a los que se expone el trabajador de los actuales y futuros talleres de reparación de vehículos.[EN] The topic of the thesis is to study occupational risks in automotive workshops with particular emphasis on emerging risks associated with new technologies, especially implemented in electric cars. Statistic methods and expert panels were carried on through the research. The results showed that training and information for workers must be adapted to the different profiles of accidents found based on different variables such as age, lenght in the sector or company size, and take into account new technologies. The design and implementation of new preventive measures based on the results of this work can reduce the risks to which the worker current and future vehicle repairers exposed.Tesis Univ. Jaén. Departamento de Derecho Público y Derecho Privado Especial. Leída el 16 de septiembre de 201

Prevention through design (PtD) as a management tool in occupational risk prevention

El objeto de la tesis es obtener una visión ampliada y actualizada de los riesgos laborales presentes en la construcción de estructuras verticales de hormigón, así como de la gestión de la seguridad y salud en este tipo de proyectos de construcción mediante el uso del concepto de la prevención a través del diseño (PtD). Las metodologías utilizadas en el desarrollo de la tesis fueron de carácter cuantitativo y cualitativo. Se llevaron a cabo análisis de siniestralidad basados en los partes oficiales de accidentes de trabajo registrados en el sector de la construcción en España, se realizaron encuestas a numerosos profesionales de diferentes grupos de interés implicados en los proyectos de obra civil, se diseñaron paneles de expertos para evaluar diversas actividades y riesgos específicos, y se cuantificó la presencia e importancia del concepto prevención a través del diseño en diferentes titulaciones de carácter universitario. Los resultados de este estudio destacan la importancia de diversos factores presentes en los accidentes analizados, las principales carencias a la hora de llevar a cabo un correcto uso de la PtD como herramienta de gestión preventiva, entre las que destacan por un lado la falta de implantación del citado concepto en los estudios universitarios, y por otro lado la frecuente falta de comunicación de los distintos profesionales presentes en los proyectos (diseñadores, fabricantes de encofrados y constructoras). Las conclusiones de esta investigación pueden ser llevadas a la práctica durante el diseño de proyectos de obra civil, al igual que se pueden aplicar a la mejora de los futuros planes de estudio de las titulaciones universitarias estudiadas

Carpooling systems for commuting among teachers: an expert panel analysis of their barriers and incentives

Sustainable mobility is a current challenge in our society. Research shows that carpooling systems are potential solutions that could mitigate environmental pollution and urban congestion and provide cost savings for their users. Despite their potential benefits, the levels of carpooling practices among some occupations could be improved. Teachers are suitable for carpooling experiences due to their specific working conditions (e.g., timetables, destinations changes, path matches); however, there is no research solely focused on teachers. Thus, the current research aimed to analyze the barriers and incentives for teachers using carpooling systems for commuting. A panel member was selected following the staticized group technique. Panelists were surveyed to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of carpooling. Results showed that fuel savings were considered by the expert panel as the most important incentive for carpooling. For short distances, carpooling was not considered the best commuting option. Additionally, the increase in travel time and loss of personal independence were identified as relevant barriers. Based on the opinions of experts, it can be concluded that carpooling barriers outweigh the incentives for the commuting of teachers. To promote carpooling practices, institutional mobility plans with advantages for carpoolers could improve the teachers’ perceptions about carpooling. Future carpooling strategies should consider these results to promote incentives and address the identified barriers.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Prevention of Falls from Heights in Construction Using an IoT System Based on Fuzzy Markup Language and JFML

The main cause of fatal accidents in the construction sector are falls from height (FFH) and the inappropriate use of a harness is commonly associated with these fatalities. Traditional methods, such as onsite inspections, safety communication, or safety training, are not enough to mitigate accidents caused by FFH associated with a poor management in the use of a harness. Although some technological solutions for the automated monitoring of workers could improve safety conditions, their use is not frequent due to the particularities of construction sites: complexity, dynamic environments, outdoor workplaces, etc. Then, the integration of expert knowledge with technology is a key issue. Fuzzy logic systems (FLS) and Internet of Things (IoT) present many potential benefits, such as real-time decisions being made based on FLS and data from sensors. In the current research, the development and test of an IoT system integrated with the Java Fuzzy Markup Language Library for FLS, to support experts’ decision making in FFH, is proposed. The proposal was checked in four construction scenarios based on working conditions with different levels of risk of FFH and obtained promising results

A Safety System based on Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) to prevent the misuse of Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) in construction

In this paper we address the issue of safety in the use of Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) in construction, industrial, or similar sites where power tools are used. We propose a novel solution that can control actively the power of the tool depending on the worker–tool distance. It is based on RSSI information transmitted by BLE devices arranged in a particular rig, combined with a Bayesian distance estimator. Such an approach minimizes the required instrumentation of the workplace and also the number of configuration parameters; therefore it enables a wide range of applications. Our aim is not only to signal risky situations caused by the misuse of the PPE (either due to its bad fitting or a wrong distance to the tool), but to intervene in a fast and robust way to avoid the safety risk. This solution is built upon previous results on the statistically sound measurement of distances and closeness in construction sites. Here, we contribute with a thorough analysis of collocating several BLE transmitters near orthogonally, which reduces interferences while avoiding the cost of more advanced technologies. We study how many transmitters are needed and what parameters are the best in the Bayesian filter for the optimal performance of the system. Real experiments with a prototype have been conducted in a construction workshop where a person operates a miter saw. The results show how the correct use of the PPE (an earmuff equipped with the BLE transmitters) can be inferred from the distance estimation in a robust and reliable way.This research received funding from Plan Propio-Universidad de Málaga and it is associated to the Proyecto Puente “Integración de dispositivos basados en el paradigma loT para la mejora de seguridad laboral en proyectos de contrucción (IoTcons)”. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga / CBU

Occupational Traffic Accidents among Teachers in Spain

Occupational traffic accidents are a leading cause of injuries or deaths among workers. Teachers in Spain are especially concerned about the problem of commuting due to their particular labor conditions. Multiple work-related factors are associated with the risk and severity of occupational traffic-related motor vehicle crashes. The objective of this research is to analyze the influence of the variables associated with the severity of occupational traffic accidents among teachers in Spain. A logistic regression model was used for the current study. The odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI) were calculated for the injured worker on a sample of 20,190 occupational traffic accidents suffered by teachers. The results showed that women, Spanish nationality, younger than 55 years, and those driving a car were more likely to suffer a light crash. In contrast, men, foreign nationalities, older than 55 years, and those riding a motorbike were more likely to suffer a serious crash. Based on these findings, motor vehicle safety training could be designed and adapted to the riskiest profiles. Additionally, effective mobility plans for commuting could help reduce work-related traffic accidents.This research received funding from the project referenced as “UMA20-FEDERJA-078” and titled Diseño de un sistema smart carpooling para la mejora de la movilidad, y la reducción de la siniestralidad laboral and from “Plan Propio-Universidad de Málaga”. Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag

Proposal for an Institutional Carpooling System among workers from the public-education sector

Car journeys to work represent a high percentage of daily mobility. Carpooling can be an efficient alternative for managing this transport demand. Carpooling benefits are not limited to reducing emissions and energy consumption: users can also benefit in the reduction in travel costs and travel time using high-occupancy vehicle lanes, as well as reducing commuting stress. The organization of such a system is not easy to carry out individually. Institutions and companies with a high number of employees are suitable for carpooling initiatives, and the education sector holds a high number of workers. Considering the large number of teachers and the fact that many of them are regular drivers, the sector presents an opportunity to design a formal carpooling transport system. This paper presents the design of a proposal for a carpooling system among workers from the education sector in the region of Andalusia, Spain. The system yielded relevant benefits such as cost savings, emissions reductions, and a high number of potential users. The designed system can potentially improve transport conditions for workers in commuting displacements and reduce occupational traffic accidents.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Occupational injuries among male construction workers in Spain

Occupational injuries are a cause of concern in our society. They are associated with absence at work and early retirement, especially among male workers employed in dangerous sectors such as construction and mining. The aim of the current study is to analyse factors of usual consideration in the sector and assess its influence on accidents from a statistical study. A logistic regression model was used in a sample of 814,775 occupational accidents suffered by male construction workers between 2009 and 2019. This model was based on the calculation of the odds ratio (OR). Results show that among these construction workers, those who were Spanish, under 45 years old, and with more than one year of service were more likely to suffer a neck injury in a light traffic accident. In contrast, workers older than 45 years old and with more than one year of experience were less likely to suffer a head injury. No variable was detected that offered the same protective or risk effect through the different parts of the injured body. For workers in this sector, safety training, and the adaptation of this training to risky profiles and injuries should improve working conditions and injury rates

Models of multivariate regression for labor accidents in different production sectors: comparative study

The present article shows the results of an investigation carried out on the use of alternatives to carry out work accident studies in an objective manner in three production sectors that are of high risk: the electric power production sector, cement production and oil refining sector, so the main objective is focused on identifying the influential variables and the regression model that best explains the accident in each of these sectors and perform a comparative analysis between them. Among the techniques and tools used (data mining) are those related to multivariate statistics and generalized linear models and through the Akaike information criterion and Bayeciano criterion, it was possible to determine that the best regression model that explains the accident rate in two of the sectors studied is the negative binomial (cement and petroleum refining), while in the electric power sector, the best fit model resulted in Logistic Regression. In turn, for the three sectors in general, the variables that have the most significant impact are related to aspects such as: management commitment, occupational safety climate, safety training, psychosocial aspects and ergonomic sources, this result was corroborated by means of an accident analysis carried out in these three sectors