837 research outputs found
Detection of Intratumor Heterogeneity in Modern Pathology: A Multisite Tumor Sampling Perspective
Current sampling protocols of neoplasms along the digestive tract and in the urinary bladder have to be updated, as they do not respond to the necessities of modern personalized medicine. We show here that an adapted version of multisite tumor sampling (MSTS) is a sustainable model to overcome current deficiencies in digestive and bladder tumors when they are large enough so as to make unaffordable a total sampling. The new method is based on the divide-and-conquer algorithm and includes a slight modification of the MSTS, which proved to be useful very recently in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. This in silico analysis confirms the usefulness of MSTS for detecting intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) in tumors arising in hollow viscera. However, MSTS does not seem to improve routine traditional sampling in detecting tumor budding, extramural venous invasion, and perineural invasion. We conclude that (1) MSTS is the best method for tumor sampling to detect ITH balancing high performance and sustainable cost, (2) MSTS must be adapted to tumor shape and tumor location for an optimal performance.JC acknowledges financial support from Ikerbasque: The Basque Foundation for Science. This work was partially funded by grant SAF2013-48812-R from Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (Spain) to JL; grant DPI2016-79874-R from Ministerio Economia y Competitividad (Spain) and FEDER to JC
Tree extraction and estimation of walnut structure parameters using airborne LiDAR data
[EN] The development of new tools based on remote sensing data in agriculture contributes to cost reduction, increased production, and greater profitability. Airborne LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data show a significant potential for geometrically characterizing tree plantations. This study aims to develop a methodology to extract walnut (Juglans regia L.) crowns under leafless conditions using airborne LiDAR data. An original approach based on the alpha-shape algorithm, identification of local maxima, and k-means algorithms is developed to extract the crowns of walnut trees in a plot located in Viver (Eastern Spain) with 192 trees. In addition, stem diameter and volume, crown diameter, total height, and crown height were estimated from cloud metrics and other 2D parameters such as crown area, and diameter derived from LiDAR data. A correct identification was made of 178 trees (92.7%). For structure parameters, the most accurate results were obtained for crown diameter, stem diameter, and stem volume with coefficient of determination values (R-2) equal to 0.95, 0.87 and 0.83; and RMSE values of 0.43 m (5.70%), 0.02 m (9.35%) and 0.016 m(3) (21.55%), respectively. The models that gave the lowest R-2 values were 0.69 for total height and 0.70 for crown height, with RMSE values of 0.84 m (12.4%) and 0.83 m (14.5%), respectively. A suitable definition of the central and lower parts of tree canopies was observed. Results of this study generate valuable information, which can be applied for improving the management of walnut plantations.Estornell Cremades, J.; Hadas, E.; Marti-Gavila, J.; López- Cortés, I. (2021). Tree extraction and estimation of walnut structure parameters using airborne LiDAR data. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. 96:1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2020.102273S199
Promoting sustainable consumption in Higher Education Institutions through integrative co-creative processes involving relevant stakeholders
The United Nations proposes to ensure a sustainable future for all through the Sustainable Development Goals, assigning a new role to each individual in all sectors of society. Higher Education Institutions are outstanding agents of change, introducing and implementing sustainability in a holistic way, connecting people, and including social and institutional considerations, with students being a key component of change. This study presents a co-creation model to incorporate sustainability in Higher Education Institutions, integrating all members of the university community with a multidisciplinary approach, seeking to address global needs with development tools for new products and services to facilitate the transition of consumers towards responsible consumption. The model aims to analyze the daily consumption pattern of the community at the university, to identify the degree of commitment to sustainability of its members, and to co-create in search of solutions related to responsible consumption and production. This is achieved through five phases of a model, each with specific tasks and objectives based on co-creation processes and tools. As a result, the model enables stakeholders to understand the needs of their community by actively participating within the five phases for developing more democratic solutions and social involvement regarding sustainability issues that can be solved through a co-creative process. The model combines the benefits through ethnographic techniques to discover habits, tools to involve participation, and co-creation to manage complex problems. Future research will focus on the application of the proposed model to more generalist contexts of society, addressing potential challenges due to vertical collaboration and barriers pre-established by society for the adoption of a sustainable lifestyle
Estimation of Walnut Structure Parameters Using Terrestrial Photogrammetry Based on Structure-from-Motion (SfM)
[EN] Remote sensing techniques are increasingly used for crop monitoring to improve the profitability of plantations. These studies are mainly based on spectral information recorded by satellites or unmanned aerial vehicles. However, the development of Earth Observation Systems capable of retrieving 3D point clouds at an affordable cost enables the possibility of exploring new approaches in agriculture. In this context, more research is required to analyze the capability of 3D data for inventory, management and prediction of inputs (water, fertilizers and pesticides) and outputs (production, biomass) of fruit plantations. To do this, the complete representation of each tree contribute to extract the main geometric parameters. The objective of this work is to obtain regression models to estimate total height (H-t), crown height (H-c), stem diameter (D-s), crown diameter (D-c), stem volume (V-s) and crown volume (V-c) from 45 walnut specimens. For this, 3D models were computed for these trees by applying ground-based Structure from Motion (SfM). A circular photogrammetric survey of each tree was carried out using a standard digital camera and three-dimensional point clouds were retrieved for each tree. From these data, the tree parameters were computed. Linear regression models were obtained to estimate H-t, H-c, D-s, D-c, V-s and V-c, with R-2 values between 0.89 and 0.99. The results showed accurate fits between field parameters and those derived from 3D point clouds retrieved from SfM technique, indicating the applicability of this cost-effective method to model walnut trees and to extract their accurate parameters without costly field campaigns.Fernández-SarrĂa, A.; LĂłpez- CortĂ©s, I.; Marti-Gavila, J.; Estornell Cremades, J. (2022). Estimation of Walnut Structure Parameters Using Terrestrial Photogrammetry Based on Structure-from-Motion (SfM). 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Proposal of a New Orange Selection Process Using Sensory Panels and AHP
[EN] Although the consumption of fruits and vegetables is being promoted by different institutions as a key question of public health, their consumption is decreasing and their waste is increasing. To address this situation, we propose to include the consumerÂżs perception of the quality (from a sensory point of view) of a fruit, in particular Valencian oranges, in the supplierÂżs selection process by retailers. To do so, we use a combination of consumer and trained sensory panels and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). This approach is completely novel in the literature. According to the expert panel, the most important criteria when evaluating the quality of an orange are fruity smell, juiciness, sweetness and acidity. These criteria are related to the freshness and taste of the oranges. Consumers found the methodology proposed useful and easy to develop. The application
of the AHP methodology has helped to facilitate a participatory discussion among consumers on the concept of the quality of the oranges. The methodology proposed can help the agrifood sector in
different ways up and down the supply chain. Specially, it can contribute to better meet consumerÂżs demands, increasing the consumption of fruits and vegetables and reducing its waste.Baviera-Puig, A.; GarcĂa-MelĂłn, M.; Ortolá Ortolá, MD.; LĂłpez- CortĂ©s, I. (2021). Proposal of a New Orange Selection Process Using Sensory Panels and AHP. International Journal of Environmental research and Public Health (Online). 18(7):1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073333S11718
A New Mechanism of Sodium Zirconate Formation
The objective of this study was to synthesize sodium zirconate (Na2ZrO3) from the thermal decomposition of two reactants; sodium acetate (CH3COONa) and Zirconium(IV) acetylacetonate (Zr(C5H7O2)4). The Na2ZrO3 formation mechanism has not been previously reported as it is shown in this work. Also, the reagents are soluble in ethanol; making it possible to apply the mechanism proposed in a spray pyrolysis process. The solid-state reaction was derived from the thermal decomposition of its precursors through the thermogravimetric analysis techniques (TG). The desired product formation was proven by means of an x-ray diffraction technique while the gaseous by-products of the reaction were analyzed using of the IR spectroscopy method (FTIR). Solid-state reaction has three significant weight losses and the TG technique displays these behaviors. The kinetic reaction study was completed using the determination of the activation energy, the pre-exponential factor and the reaction order of such regions. Finally, it was numerically proven that the chemical reaction behavior is well reproduced using the Arrhenius-type kinetic model. Keywords: Sodium zirconate, Arrhenius equation, solid-state reaction, thermal decomposition
Biomass Identification from Proximate Analysis: Characterization of Residual Vegetable Materials in Andean Areas
[EN] This work was aimed at the characterization of residual generated biomass from pruned tree species present in the Andean areas of Ecuador as a source of energy, both in plantations and in urban areas, as a response to the change in the energy matrix proposed by the Ecuadorian government. From the proximate analysis (volatiles, ashes, and fixed carbon content), elemental analysis (C, H, N, S, O, and Cl), structural analysis (cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose content), and higher heating value, the studied species were pine (Pinus radiata), cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus), poplar (Populus sp.), arupo (Chionanthus pubescens), alder (Alnus Acuminata), caper spurge (Euphorbia laurifolia), and lime (Sambucus nigra L.) trees. We evaluated the influence of the presence of leaves in the biomass. From this characterization, we developed a method based on obtaining the main components for the identification of the biomass's species. If the origin of the biomass was unknown, this method enabled us to identify the species, with all its characteristics. If the origin of the biomass was unknown, this innovative method enabled the identification of the species from the lignocellulosic biomass, with all of its characteristics. Finally, we developed regression models that relate the higher heating value to the elemental, proximate, and structural composition.This work was carried out within the framework of the work "Analysis of the implementation of biomass exploitation chains in rural communities in the province of BolĂvar (Ecuador)" of the ADSIEO-COOPERATION program of the Polytechnic University of Valencia (UPV). The Ecuadorian Energy Exploitation Research Network of Biomass (ECUMASA) and the IBEROMASA Network of the Ibero-American Program of Science and Technology for Development (CYTED) participated in this program.Velázquez MartĂ, B.; Gaibor-Chavez, J.; Franco-RodrĂguez, JE.; LĂłpez- CortĂ©s, I. (2023). Biomass Identification from Proximate Analysis: Characterization of Residual Vegetable Materials in Andean Areas. Agronomy. 13(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy1309234713
Evaluation of the Intermediate Values of the TGA Curves as Indicators of the Proximal Analysis of Biomass
[EN] Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is becoming popular for the evaluation of biomass to determine the content of ashes, volatiles, and fixed carbon and to simulate pyrolysis, gasification, and combustion processes. This analysis consists of heating a sample recording the weight variation as the temperature increases over time. The final temperature of the analyzes is usually set at 550 degrees C or 900 degrees C. The aim of this paper is to use the intermediate weight values obtained in short times from heating process in TGA to calculate the percentage of volatile, ash, or the residual mass remaining at the end of the experiment. Under the hypothesis that the curve does not vary when the analysis is carried out under certain conditions for the same type of biomass, these values must be similar and are related to the searched values. Nevertheless, given that the behavior of the thermogravimetric curves can be influenced by different factors, such as the species, temperature variation with time, final temperature reached, and presence of leaves, these factors are analyzed in this article. The results show models developed for the ash and volatiles determination from TGA time reduced to 75 s when a temperature increase of 200 degrees C per minute is used (CR-200 and VR-200 models). The curves obtained have R2 coefficients of between 0.75 and 0.95, being validated through independent samples. It is shown that the plot of the curve is influenced by the composition, the rate of heating and the percentage of leaves. This variability makes it necessary to select an analytical method that is efficient and as brief as possible. In this article, rapid analyses combined with the application of the equations obtained are proposed.This work was carried out within the framework of a study examining the analysis of the implementation of biomass exploitation chains in rural communities in the province of BolĂvar (Ecuador) as part of the ADSIEO-COOPERATION program of the Polytechnic University of Valencia (UPV). The Ecuadorian Energy Exploitation Research Network of Biomass (ECUMASA) and the IBEROMASA Network of the Ibero-American Program of Science and Technology for Development (CYTED) participated in this program.Velázquez MartĂ, B.; Gaibor-Chavez, J.; LĂłpez- CortĂ©s, I.; Olivares Aguilar, LE. (2023). Evaluation of the Intermediate Values of the TGA Curves as Indicators of the Proximal Analysis of Biomass. Agronomy. 13(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13102552131
Xylella fastidiosa (Wells&Raju). Flavescencia dorada. Enfermedad de Pierce
López- Cortés, I.; Salazar Hernández, DM. (2018). Xylella fastidiosa (Wells&Raju). Flavescencia dorada. Enfermedad de Pierce. La Semana Vitivinicola. (3514):324-328. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/124690S324328351
Xylella fastidiosa: amenaza real para el viñedo
Salazar Hernández, DM.; López- Cortés, I. (2018). Xylella fastidiosa: amenaza real para el viñedo. La Semana Vitivinicola. (3512):164-172. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/124677S164172351
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