Estudio de configuración óptima para sistemas de calefacción y refrigeración de distrito con bomba de calor en base a criterios económicos

Estudio y dimensionado de sistemas de distrito con bomba de calor para cubrir la demanda de calefacción, refrigeración y ACS de un grupo de viviendas. Optimizar el diseño con criterios económicos y compararlo con otros casos de estudio, entre los que se incluya el almacenamiento de energía térmica. Entre las opciones de diseño de desea estudiar el dimensionado óptimo y su operación entre configuraciones con un solo equipo bomba de calor o varios

The state of art of the drought studies in Spain

Póster elaborado para el WCRP Workshop on Drought Predictability and Prediction in a Changing Climate celebrado en Barcelona del 2 al 4 de marzo de 201

Analysis of the October 2014 subtropical cyclone using the WRF and the HARMONIE-AROME numerical models: Assessment against observations

Subtropical cyclones (STCs) are low-pressure systems characterized by having a thermal hybrid structure and sharing tropical and extratropical characteristics. These cyclones are widely studied due to their harmful impacts, in some cases, similar to those caused by hurricanes or tropical storms. From a numerical modeling point of view, they are considered a challenge on account of their rapid intensification. That is the reason why this paper analyzes the simulations of the STC that occurred in October 2014 near the Canary Islands through two highresolution numerical models: Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) and HARMONIE-AROME. In this study, the simulations obtained with both models of this STC are analyzed versus different observational data. METAR data are used to validate some surface simulated variables throughout the STC life while soundings are chosen to study the tropospheric behavior. Finally, MSG-SEVIRI satellite brightness temperature is used to be compared to those brightness temperatures simulated by both models to give information of the cloud top spatial structure of this atmospheric system. The 2 m temperature, 2 m dew-point temperature, and 10 m wind speed variables do not show significant deviations when carrying out the validation of both models against the available METAR data. It is outstanding the good results found for the HARMONIE-AROME model when analyzing the temperature sounding for both analyzed dates. Additionally, regarding the wind speed sounding, better results are presented in general by the HARMONIE-AROME model, being the WRF model slightly better during the pre-STC stage. Moreover, the skillfulness of the HARMONIE-AROME model is highlighted when simulating the infrared brightness temperature and cloud distribution compared to the WRF model.This work was partially supported by research projects: PID2019- 105306RB-I00, PCIN-2014-013-C07-04, and PCIN2016-080 (UE ERANET Plus NEWA Project), CGL2016-78702-C2-1-R and CGL2016- 78702-C2-2-R (SAFEFLIGHT project), FEI-EU-17-16 and the two ECMWF Special Projects (SPESMART and SPESVALE). JJGA is supported by the FJC2018-035821 grant and JDF acknowledges the grant supported from the MINECO-FPI program (BES-2017)

Aircraft icing: in‐cloud measurements and sensitivity to physical parameterizations

The prediction of supercooled cloud drops in the atmosphere is a basic tool for aviation safety, owing to their contact with and instant freezing on sensitive locations of the aircraft. One of the main disadvantages for predicting atmospheric icing conditions is the acquisition of observational data. In this study, we used in‐cloud microphysics measurements taken during 10 flights of a C‐212 research aircraft under winter conditions, during which we encountered 37 regions containing supercooled liquid water. To investigate the capability of the Weather Research and Forecasting model to detect regions containing supercooled cloud drops, we propose a multiphysics ensemble approach. We used four microphysics and two planetary boundary layer schemes. The Morrison parameterization yielded superior results, whereas the planetary boundary layer schemes were essential in evaluating the presence of liquid water content. The Goddard microphysics scheme best detected the presence of ice water content but tended to underestimate liquid water content.This research was carried out in the framework of the SAFEFLIGHT project, financed by MINECO (CGL2016‐78702) and LE240P18 project (Junta de Castilla y León)

Determinantes de calidad ambiental urbana: ICAU para ciudades colombianas

The present inquiry arises as a result of a constant search of problems that affect cities of the country, by the Hotbed of Investigation of Surcolombian Socioeconomic Studies HISSS, of the Surcolombiana University of Neiva (Colombia) -.In this way, we found those factors and actions that contribute to making Bogotá, Medellin, Barranquilla, Neiva, Tunja and Cúcuta, cities that the Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development through the urban environmental quality indexes (UEQUI) categorizes, at medium, low and very low levels. A methodology was developed that projects positivist and qualitative investigation, corresponding to a descriptive and explanatory study of the environmental sustainability of the cities is obtained from factors such as: public space; green areas; environmental pollution; mobility, public transport. The results obtained are of a relevant nature because they show old direct effects on the quality of life of the inhabitants, so that from them, alternative solutions are interpreted and proposedLa presente indagación surge como resultado de una búsqueda constante de problemáticas que afectan a las ciudades del país, por parte del Semillero de Investigación de Estudios Socioeconómicos Surcolombiano –SIESS, de la Universidad Surcolombiana de Neiva (Colombia)-. En este sentido, la investigación identifica aquellos factores que hacen que las ciudades de Colombia presenten medios, bajos y muy bajos índices de calidad ambiental urbana (ICAU), a partir de que estas se categorizan a través de dicho índice por el Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible. Se presentan los ICAU de las más representativas en cada nivel: Bogotá, Medellín, Barranquilla, Neiva, Tunja y Cúcuta, y se contrastan con indicadores económicos buscando relaciones entre ellos. La metodología utilizada se orienta por un enfoque de corte positivista y cualitativa, por lo que se obtiene un estudio descriptivo y explicativo de sostenibilidad ambiental de las ciudades desde factores como: espacio público; áreas verdes; contaminación ambiental; movilidad, transporte público. Los resultados obtenidos son de carácter relevante pues evidencian antiguas afectaciones directas para la calidad de vida de los habitantes, por lo que a partir de los mismos se interpretan y proponen alternativas de solución

The Interplay of Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Cardiovascular Fibrosis in Obese Rats

We have evaluated the role of mitochondrial oxidative stress and its association with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activation in the progression of obesity-related cardiovascular fibrosis. MitoQ (200 µM) was orally administered for 7 weeks to male Wistar rats that were fed a high-fat diet (HFD, 35% fat) or a control diet (CT, 3.5% fat). Obese animals presented cardiovascular fibrosis accompanied by increased levels of extracellular matrix proteins and profibrotic mediators. These alterations were associated with ER stress activation characterized by enhanced levels (in heart and aorta vs. CT group, respectively) of immunoglobulin binding protein (BiP; 2.1-and 2.6-fold, respectively), protein disulfide-isomerase A6 (PDIA6; 1.9-fold) and CCAAT-enhancer-binding homologous protein (CHOP; 1.5- and 1.8-fold, respectively). MitoQ treatment was able to prevent (p < 0.05) these modifications at cardiac and aortic levels. MitoQ (5 nM) and the ER stress inhibitor, 4-phenyl butyric acid (4 µM), were able to block the prooxidant and profibrotic effects of angiotensin II (Ang II, 10−6 M) in cardiac and vascular cells. Therefore, the data show a crosstalk between mitochondrial oxidative stress and ER stress activation, which mediates the development of cardiovascular fibrosis in the context of obesity and in which Ang II can play a relevant role

Detección de condiciones de engelamiento en el interior de las masas nubosas: aplicación a la mejora de la seguridad aérea

Ponencia presentada en: XXXV Jornadas Científicas de la AME y el XIX Encuentro Hispano Luso de Meteorología celebrado en León, del 5 al 7 de marzo de 2018.Durante las campañas experimentales TECOAGUA y METEORISK se realizaron una serie de vuelos científicos con la plataforma de investigación aérea C212 en las cercanías de la Sierra de Guadarrama y en la zona más occidental de la cordillera Cantábrica. Estos vuelos se realizaron en época invernal y en diversas condiciones meteorológicas, pero siempre con el objetivo de buscar y caracterizar las zonas en las que aparecía SLW y, cuando era posible, detectar las SLD. En este trabajo se describen algunas de las acciones que se establecieron para garantizar tanto la operación de vuelo como la toma de datos de microfísica de nubes en el transcurso de diferentes campañas realizadas entre 2011 y 2017. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que contenidos de agua líquida cercanos a 0.1 g/m3, si se detectan SLD, hacen que la probabilidad de que se produzca carga de hielo en las partes más expuestas del fuselaje de un avión sea muy elevada. La aparición de estas regiones suele ser formando bolsas y más probables en las cercanías de las bases de las nubes, en donde se produce una acumulación de contenido SLW.Este trabajo se ha realizado en el marco del Proyecto SAFEFLIGHT financiado por el MINECO (CGL2016-78702)

La disCAPACIDAD desde la mirada de la comunidad universitaria: Enfoques y visiones

La diversidad que caracteriza el entono académico actual requiere proveer al colectivo que presenta Necesidades Específicas de Apoyo Educativo –NEAE- los medios adecuados que faciliten su desarrollo académico. Este propósito nos lleva no sólo a seguir enriqueciendo la biblioteca virtual de contenido audiovisual especializado en materias docentes e investigadoras, dentro del marco “Speaking Library”, sino también a conocer con profundidad las necesidades de este colectivo, bien sean estudiantes o docentes. De hecho, desde la Red I+Do+i (Investigación Docencia e Innovación) de concepción multidisciplinar y en la que han participado profesorado y estudiantes de diferentes centros, entendemos que resulta primordial conocer la percepción que se tiene de la discapacidad en el medio académico en el que se desenvuelve. Precisamente, esta visión de 360º nos ha llevado a analizar esta problemática desde cuatro ángulos diferentes, profesores y estudiantes, con y sin discapacidad. Sólo así podremos facilitar a este colectivo, de acuerdo a la naturaleza de la discapacidad que presentan, los recursos que requieren para que se sientan integrados de la misma manera que aquellas personas que no tienen dichas necesidades

Correction : Chaparro et al. Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain: Large-Scale Epidemiological Study. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 2885

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]

Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain : Large-Scale Epidemiological Study

(1) Aims: To assess the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Spain, to describe the main epidemiological and clinical characteristics at diagnosis and the evolution of the disease, and to explore the use of drug treatments. (2) Methods: Prospective, population-based nationwide registry. Adult patients diagnosed with IBD-Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) or IBD unclassified (IBD-U)-during 2017 in Spain were included and were followed-up for 1 year. (3) Results: We identified 3611 incident cases of IBD diagnosed during 2017 in 108 hospitals covering over 22 million inhabitants. The overall incidence (cases/100,000 person-years) was 16 for IBD, 7.5 for CD, 8 for UC, and 0.5 for IBD-U; 53% of patients were male and median age was 43 years (interquartile range = 31-56 years). During a median 12-month follow-up, 34% of patients were treated with systemic steroids, 25% with immunomodulators, 15% with biologics and 5.6% underwent surgery. The percentage of patients under these treatments was significantly higher in CD than UC and IBD-U. Use of systemic steroids and biologics was significantly higher in hospitals with high resources. In total, 28% of patients were hospitalized (35% CD and 22% UC patients, p < 0.01). (4) Conclusion: The incidence of IBD in Spain is rather high and similar to that reported in Northern Europe. IBD patients require substantial therapeutic resources, which are greater in CD and in hospitals with high resources, and much higher than previously reported. One third of patients are hospitalized in the first year after diagnosis and a relevant proportion undergo surgery