Preliminary study of the impact of Guadalhorce river mouth channeling (Málaga, Spain) on groundwater and related wetlands

Se trata de resultados preliminares que se están obteniendo en el Bajo Guadalhorce, en el marco de la tesis doctoral del primer firmanteIn riverine areas, many anthropogenic actions (modification of natural water courses, burying or channeling works, etc.) have been commonly applied worldwide to prevent floods in rivers, having negative environmental impacts on their dependent ecosystems. In the Guadalhorce River mouth (Málaga, Southern Spain), channeling works -including the splitting of the main channel into two branches before arriving to the sea- were conducted to reduce the flood risk in the surrounding urbanized areas near to the Mediterranean coast. In the framework of the monitoring program of the Guadalhorce Delta Wetlands, located between the branches of the ending river stretch, measurements of electrical conductivity in wetland water and groundwater table were performed, as well as the sampling of both water types. The results show a progressive increasing in the mineralization of wetland water, reaching values 50 times higher than the original ones. In the underlying aquifers, the mineralization of groundwater is generally less variable and lower than the recorded in the eighties and nineties, when a salt intrusion episode occurred. Before the river channel modification, the water flow from the aquifer to the wetlands and toward the river in its mouth was deduced. Today, the wetlands recharge locally the Quaternary aquifer and, consequently, induce the groundwater flow towards the both branches of the river and Mediterranean Sea. The variation of the morphodynamics in the Guadalhorce River mouth and the associated changes in land use have caused significant impacts on ground and surface water and their dependent wetlands.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Influencia del ruido de fondo en ambientes universitarios sobre los procesos cognitivos básicos

En este trabajo, se presenta un estudio cuyo objetivo fue determinar la influencia del ruido de fondo producido dentro de instalaciones universitarias sobre procesos cognitivos básicos tales como: la percepción y la atención. Se realizaron grabaciones de ruido de fondo en aulas de clase, bibliotecas, etc., para luego exponer a estudiantes universitarios a estos ambientes sonoros. Se registró la actividad cerebral a través de electroencefalografías (EEG), estudiando los cambios en las bandas de frecuencia relacionadas con procesos atencionales (beta 13-30 Hz. y theta 4-7 Hz.). Los resultados preliminares aquí presentados, muestran un decremento en estas bandas al exponer a los voluntarios a ruido de fondo. Así mismo, se aplicó una prueba psicométrica para determinar cambios en la atención. Los resultados obtenidos en esta prueba, no permiten relacionar directamente la influencia del ruido de fondo sobre los procesos atencionales

Aircrafts' taxi noise emission

During planning stages, when noisy activity has not been implanted or while evaluating operation changes, it is necessary to find an environmental noise mapping prediction tool for future scenarios. When an activity is already implanted, it is possible to measure noise emissions, but this is expensive, so prediction tools can also be useful. Because of these reasons, for the last 10 years, as a response to the increasing concern for noise pollution in developed countries, several simulation models have appeared to predict noise levels outdoors. Many of those models are customized for specific noise sources

Empleo de tres constelaciones de viviendas para innovar dentro del aula de dibujo

[EN] This text presents the findings resulting from a teaching innovation experience that begins in the 2021-2022 academic year, continues in 2022-2023 and extends in 2023-2024. The experiment, carried out during the fourth semester of the degree in fundamentals of architecture at the University of Alicante and through an architectural drawing subject, consists of blurring the boundaries between the profession and the academic world through the collaboration of the intervening agents, namely students, teachers and Spanish architects of recognized prestige. Thus, starting from a series of meetings and interactive intersections in the form of conferences, round tables and interviews, a working methodology is proposed in which the student, aware of his active role in understanding and interpreting the graphic, has the opportunity to synthesize the skills and abilities acquired in a format that, although exclusively graphic, in most cases exceeds the starting content. Three housing constellations, one per academic year, will be the vehicle to put into play constant self-evaluation, active participation, the search for radicality or conscious innovation by the aforementioned agents. Always around an element common to all contexts: the image.[ES] El presente texto expone los hallazgos resultados de una experiencia de innovación docente que se inaugura en el curso académico 2021-2022, continúa en el 2022-2023 y se extiende en el 2023-2024. El experimento, realizado durante el cuarto semestre del grado en fundamentos de la arquitectura de la Universidad de Alicante y a través de una asignatura de dibujo arquitectónico, consiste en difuminar los límites entre la profesión y el mundo académico mediante la colaboración de los agentes intervinientes, a saber, discentes, docentes y arquitectas y arquitectos españoles de reconocido prestigio. Así, partiendo de una serie de encuentros e intersecciones interactivas en forma de conferencias, mesas redondas y entrevistas, se propone una metodología de trabajo en la que el discente, consciente de su papel activo a la hora de comprender e interpretar lo gráfico, tiene la oportunidad de sintetizar las competencias y capacidades adquiridas en un formato que, aunque exclusivamente gráfico, en la mayoría de los casos excede los contenidos de partida. Tres constelaciones de viviendas, una por curso académico, serán el vehículo para poner en juego la constante autoevaluación, la participación activa, la búsqueda de la radicalidad o la consciente innovación por parte de los citados agentes. Siempre en torno a un elemento común a todos los contextos: la imagen.Navarro Jover, L.; Juan Gutiérrez, PJ.; López Ujaque, JM. (2023). Use of three housing constellations to innovate within the drawing classroom. EGE Revista de Expresión Gráfica en la Edificación. (19):37-50. https://doi.org/10.4995/ege.2023.2070337501

Hydrodynamic and hydrochemical evolution of the Bajo Guadalhorce Valley alluvial aquifer (Málaga, S Spain) in the last 40 years

Groundwater flowing through coastal aquifers is increasingly impacted by human pressures as consequence of a growing demand on drinking water, tourism and agriculture, among others. Thus, groundwater availability very often depend on its quality since water salinization and pollution are the main challenges for water management because of seawater and freshwater interaction. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor the availability of groundwater and its quality under changing scenarios where this water resource can be specially threatened. This study aims to assess the spatial distribution and time evolution of groundwater levels and hydrochemistry of the alluvial aquifer of the Bajo Guadalhorce Valley (Málaga, S Spain) for the evaluation of its quantitative and qualitative status. To that, groundwater level, electrical conductivity and Cl- and SO42- concentrations of water have been measured in a field sampling campaign carried out in the alluvial aquifer of the Bajo Guadalhorce Valley (Málaga, S Spain) in April 2017. Additionally, historical data from the last 40 years have been compiled.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

System failure prediction through rare-events elastic-net logistic regression

Predicting failures in a distributed system based on previous events through logistic regression is a standard approach in literature. This technique is not reliable, though, in two situations: in the prediction of rare events, which do not appear in enough proportion for the algorithm to capture, and in environments where there are too many variables, as logistic regression tends to overfit on this situations; while manually selecting a subset of variables to create the model is error- prone. On this paper, we solve an industrial research case that presented this situation with a combination of elastic net logistic regression, a method that allows us to automatically select useful variables, a process of cross-validation on top of it and the application of a rare events prediction technique to reduce computation time. This process provides two layers of cross- validation that automatically obtain the optimal model complexity and the optimal mode l parameters values, while ensuring even rare events will be correctly predicted with a low amount of training instances. We tested this method against real industrial data, obtaining a total of 60 out of 80 possible models with a 90% average model accuracy

A new 3D finite element model of the IEC 60318-1 artificial ear

The artificial ear specified in IEC 60318-1 is used for the measurement of headphones and has been designed to present an acoustic load equivalent to that of normal human ears. In this respect it is specified in terms of an acoustical impedance, and modelled by a lumped parameter approach. However, this has some inherent frequency limitations and becomes less valid as the acoustic wavelength approaches the characteristic dimensions within the device. In addition, when sound propagates through structures such as narrow tubes, annular slits or over sharp corners, noticeable thermal and viscous effects take place causing further departure from the lumped parameter model. A new numerical model has therefore been developed, which gives proper consideration to the aforementioned effects. Both kinds of losses can be simulated by means of the LMS Virtual Lab acoustic software which facilitates finite and boundary element modelling of the whole artificial ear. A full 3D model of the artificial ear has therefore been developed based on key dimensional data found in IEC 60318-1. The model has been used to calculate the acoustical impedance, and the results compared with the corresponding data determined from the lumped parameter model. The numerical simulation of the artificial ear has been shown to provide realistic results, and is a powerful tool for developing a detailed understanding of the device. It is also proving valuable in the revision of IEC 60318-1 that is currently in progress

Influencia de la sensibilización sobre la percepción de la molestia

Actualmente el ruido en entornos aeroportuarios presenta unos niveles de aceptación muy bajos. Los niveles de emisión acústica de las aeronaves han decrecido notablemente en las últimas décadas y dicha mejora no ha redundado en una disminución de la molestia. En algunos aeropuertos donde se aplica el concepto de enfoque equilibrado no existe demasiado margen para la reducción en las emisiones acústicas. Una alternativa es investigar el papel que pueden desempeñar las estrategias de sensibilización y de comunicación de las emisiones acústicas por parte de los gestores del ruido, intentando responder a las siguientes cuestiones: ¿Cómo afecta la comunicación en materia de ruido sobre la percepción de molestia?, ¿Puede contribuir activamente a mejorar la aceptación de los aeropuertos?, ¿Cómo podemos hacer estas estrategias más eficaces