Imágenes y representaciones en las luchas por la memoria: Argentina y Chile en la postdictadura

Trabajo de Fin de Máster Universitario en Historia Medieval de Castilla y León. Curso[ES]El trabajo repasa la historia de Chile y de Argentina en los años 70 y 80 del siglo XX. Examina las representaciones e imágenes que han servido para cristalizar los hechos en la memoria de la sociedad. Para ello analiza diversas películas cinematográficas para descubrir las visiones que han mostrado y compara diversos aspectos de la memoria y de los relatos de ambos países.[EN]The work looks at the history of Chile and Argentina during the 70s and 80s of the twentieth century. It examines the representations and images that have served to crystallize the events in the memory of society. It analyzes several films to find out the visions that have been shown and compares various aspects of the memories and stories of both countries

RICORS2040 : The need for collaborative research in chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a silent and poorly known killer. The current concept of CKD is relatively young and uptake by the public, physicians and health authorities is not widespread. Physicians still confuse CKD with chronic kidney insufficiency or failure. For the wider public and health authorities, CKD evokes kidney replacement therapy (KRT). In Spain, the prevalence of KRT is 0.13%. Thus health authorities may consider CKD a non-issue: very few persons eventually need KRT and, for those in whom kidneys fail, the problem is 'solved' by dialysis or kidney transplantation. However, KRT is the tip of the iceberg in the burden of CKD. The main burden of CKD is accelerated ageing and premature death. The cut-off points for kidney function and kidney damage indexes that define CKD also mark an increased risk for all-cause premature death. CKD is the most prevalent risk factor for lethal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the factor that most increases the risk of death in COVID-19, after old age. Men and women undergoing KRT still have an annual mortality that is 10- to 100-fold higher than similar-age peers, and life expectancy is shortened by ~40 years for young persons on dialysis and by 15 years for young persons with a functioning kidney graft. CKD is expected to become the fifth greatest global cause of death by 2040 and the second greatest cause of death in Spain before the end of the century, a time when one in four Spaniards will have CKD. However, by 2022, CKD will become the only top-15 global predicted cause of death that is not supported by a dedicated well-funded Centres for Biomedical Research (CIBER) network structure in Spain. Realizing the underestimation of the CKD burden of disease by health authorities, the Decade of the Kidney initiative for 2020-2030 was launched by the American Association of Kidney Patients and the European Kidney Health Alliance. Leading Spanish kidney researchers grouped in the kidney collaborative research network Red de Investigación Renal have now applied for the Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS) call for collaborative research in Spain with the support of the Spanish Society of Nephrology, Federación Nacional de Asociaciones para la Lucha Contra las Enfermedades del Riñón and ONT: RICORS2040 aims to prevent the dire predictions for the global 2040 burden of CKD from becoming true

Precariedad, exclusión social y diversidad funcional (discapacidad): lógicas y efectos subjetivos del sufrimiento social contemporáneo (II). Innovación docente en Filosofía

El PIMCD "Precariedad, exclusión social y diversidad funcional (discapacidad): lógicas y efectos subjetivos del sufrimiento social contemporáneo (II). Innovación docente en Filosofía" se ocupa de conceptos generalmente eludidos por la tradición teórica (contando como núcleos aglutinantes los de la precariedad laboral, la exclusión social y diversidad funcional o discapacidad), cuyo análisis propicia nuevas prácticas en la enseñanza universitaria de filosofía, adoptando como meta principal el aprendizaje centrado en el estudiantado, el diseño de nuevas herramientas de enseñanza y el fomento de una universidad inclusiva. El proyecto cuenta con 26 docentes de la UCM y otros 28 docentes de otras 17 universidades españolas (UV, UNED, UGR, UNIZAR, UAH, UC3M, UCA, UNIOVI, ULL, EHU/UPV, UA, UAM, Deusto, IFS/CSIC, UCJC, URJC y Univ. Pontificia de Comillas), que permitirán dotar a las actividades programadas de un alcance idóneo para consolidar la adquisición de competencias argumentativas y dialécticas por parte de lxs estudiantes implicados en el marco de los seminarios previstos. Se integrarán en el PIMCD, aparte de PDI, al menos 26 estudiantes de máster y doctorado de la Facultad de Filosofía, a lxs que acompañarán durante el desarrollo del PIMCD 4 Alumni de la Facultad de Filosofía de la UCM, actualmente investigadores post-doc y profesorxs de IES, cuya experiencia será beneficiosa para su introducción en la investigación. Asimismo, el equipo cuenta con el apoyo de varixs profesorxs asociadxs, que en algunos casos son también profesores de IES. Varixs docentes externos a la UCM participantes en el PIMCD poseen una dilatada experiencia en la coordinación de proyectos de innovación de otras universidades, lo que redundará en beneficio de las actividades a desarrollar. La coordinadora y otrxs miembros del PIMCD pertenecen a la Red de Innovación Docente en Filosofia (RIEF), puesta en marcha desde la Universitat de València (http://rief.blogs.uv.es/encuentros-de-la-rief/), a la que mantendremos informada de las actividades realizadas en el proyecto. Asimismo, lxs 6 miembros del PAS permitirán difundir debidamente las actividades realizadas en el PIMCD entre lxs estudiantes Erasmus IN del curso 2019/20 en la Facultad de Filosofía, de la misma manera que orientar en las tareas de maquetación y edición que puedan ser necesarias de cara a la publicación de lxs resultados del PIMCD y en las tareas de pesquisa bibliográfica necesarias para el desarrollo de los objetivos propuestos. Han manifestado su interés en los resultados derivados del PIMCD editoriales especializadas en la difusión de investigaciones predoctorales como Ápeiron y CTK E-Books

Apoptosis: implicaciones en Medicina Intensiva

El conocimiento de la muerte celular programada o apoptosis ha experimentado un enorme desarrollo en los últimos tiempos. Los hallazgos realizados implican cada vez más a este tipo de muerte celular con numerosas patologías, incluida la patología crítica. El objetivo de este trabajo es revisar el concepto de apoptosis y su importancia en la fisiopatología del paciente crítico. Los resultados obtenidos hasta la fecha demuestran que la apoptosis interviene en mayor o menor grado en la patogenia de innumerables enfermedades. El uso de bloqueadores de la apoptosis ha mostrado resultados satisfactorios en algunos modelos experimentales, mientras que en otros han sido contradictorios. Es posible que, en un futuro, el uso de medicamentos que permitan modular la apoptosis sea una alternativa terapéutica válida en este tipo de pacientes. Por ello es necesario profundizar en los mecanismos fisiopatológicos de la apoptosis en el paciente crític

Increased numbers of circulating CD8 effector memory T cells before transplantation enhance the risk of acute rejection in lung transplant recipients.

The effector and regulatory T cell subpopulations involved in the development of acute rejection episodes in lung transplantation remain to be elucidated. Twenty-seven lung transplant candidates were prospectively monitored before transplantation and within the first year post-transplantation. Regulatory, Th17, memory and naïve T cells were measured in peripheral blood of lung transplant recipients by flow cytometry. No association of acute rejection with number of peripheral regulatory T cells and Th17 cells was found. However, effector memory subsets in acute rejection patients were increased during the first two months post-transplant. Interestingly, patients waiting for lung transplant with levels of CD8(+) effector memory T cells over 185 cells/mm(3) had a significant increased risk of rejection [OR: 5.62 (95% CI: 1.08-29.37), p=0.04]. In multivariate analysis adjusted for age and gender the odds ratio for rejection was: OR: 5.89 (95% CI: 1.08-32.24), p=0.04. These data suggest a correlation between acute rejection and effector memory T cells in lung transplant recipients. The measurement of peripheral blood CD8(+) effector memory T cells prior to lung transplant may define patients at high risk of acute lung rejection

Density-plots of memory T cell subsets in lung transplant recipients.

<p>Representative density-plots of acute rejection-free lung transplant recipients (A) and suffering acute rejection episode (B) showing the different subpopulations of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells before transplantation. Four different subpopulations are depicted: naïve (CD62L+CD45RO-), TCM (CD62L+CD45RO+), TEM (CD62L-CD45RO+) and TEMRA (CD62L-CD45RO-).</p

Follow-up of the percentage of T cell subsets.

<p>Follow-up of the percentage of CD4+ subsets in lung transplant recipients within first year (A). The median of central memory (TCM) on black line and open squares, naïve on dotted line and open triangle, effector memory (TEM) on truncated line and open triangle and terminally differentiated effector memory (TEMRA) cells on thin dotted line and open diamond are depicted. Follow-up of the percentage of CD8+ subsets in lung transplant recipients within first year (B). The median of central memory (TCM) on black line and open squares, naïve on black line and open triangle, effector memory (TEM) on truncated line and open triangle and terminally differentiated effector memory (TEMRA) cells on thin dotted line and open diamond are depicted. Ranges are not depicted because of simplicity. Median percentage of T cell subset differences were tested by U-Mann Whitney test (* and §, p<0.05 and p<0.1 respectively).</p

IL-7 measurement in supernatant after 48hour-culture in Lung transplant recipients.

<p>Medians and interquartile ranges are depicted and Kruskall-Wallis test was used to compare medians.***p<0.001,** p<0.01, *p<0.05.</p

Comparison of absolute numbers of effector memory (TEM) T cells in LTRs.

<p>The CD4⁺ (A) and CD8⁺ (B) TEM cells were measured in peripheral blood of rejection-free (Free) and lung transplant patients suffering an acute rejection episode (AR). Medians and interquartile ranges are depicted and compared using Mann-Whitney U test. The cut-off (C.O.) value of 185 CD8⁺ TEM cells/mm³ discriminate between Free and AR lung transplant recipients.</p

Percenteage of naïve and effector memory CD8+ T cells in lung transplant recipients.

<p>Comparison of the percentages of naïve (A) and effector memory (TEM) CD8+ T cells (B) between the groups of rejection-free (F, white box-plot) lung transplant recipients and with an episode of acute rejection (AR, grey box-plot) during several time points post-Tx: pre-Tx (basal), 1 week (wk), 2 weeks, and 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months (m) post-Tx. The medians and interquartile range are depicted and compared using Mann-Whitney U test.* p value <0.05. </p