Presynaptic calcium dynamics, neuronal excitability and synaptic vesicle Cycle in central synapses lacking cysteine string protein-alpha (CSP-ALPHA).

Cysteine String Protein-α (CSP-α) is a molecular co-chaperone of the synaptic vesicles that prevents presynaptic degeneration. The role of CSP-α in the machinery of calcium dependent release of neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles has been studied previously but some functional aspects remain still unknown, such as its role in exo- and endocytosis in central neurons and its role in the regulation of presynaptic calcium. To study this, we have measured the exo- and endocytosis of synaptic vesicles in hippocampal synapses lacking CSP-α using a pH-sensitive green fluorescent protein (GFP) fused to the luminal part of synaptic vesicles (pHluorin) showing no differences between wild type and mutant synapses. In addition, we have measured presynaptic cytosolic calcium changes in hippocampal cultures lacking CSP-α using a genetically encoded calcium indicator (GECI) called syGCaMP3, uncovering different type of responses in glutamatergic synapses: long duration responses (LDRs) and short duration responses (SDRs). These measurements show normal presynaptic calcium dynamics in neurons lacking CSP-α. On the other hand, highly active GABAergic synapses formed by fast spiking parvalbumin positive interneurons are extremely sensitive to the absence of CSP-α and they degenerate early postnatally in CSP-α KO mice. In contrast, glutamatergic hippocampal synapses do not show obvious signs of early neurodegeneration. Using electrophysiological and imaging techniques, in this thesis we demonstrate the propensity of hippocampal circuits of mice lacking CSP-α to hyperexcitability, probably produced by this excitatory/inhibitory imbalance caused by loss of inhibitory synapses

La cartografía digital y los sistemas de información geográfica, a través de las publicaciones del Grupo de Didáctica de la AGE y la revista Didáctica Geográfica

En los últimos años han crecido las publicaciones dedicadas a la utilidad didáctica de la cartografía digital y los diferentes sistemas de información geográfica en el ámbito de la Geografía, sobre todo gracias al desarrollo de software libre y los recursos de Internet. En este trabajo se presenta un análisis de estos trabajos aparecidos en las publicaciones editadas por el grupo de trabajo de Didáctica de la Geografía de la AGE y la revista Didáctica Geográfica

La enseñanza de la climatología en los manuales escolares de ciencias sociales en Educación Primaria

La enseñanza del clima y tiempo atmosférico está muy presente a lo largo de todo el sistema educativo de nuestro país, especialmente en las primeras etapas en las que los alumnos desarrollan habilidades para el conocimiento del espacio geográfico. Este trabajo analiza cuales son los contenidos enseñados sobre este tema, los recursos empleados y el tipo de actividades más habituales que aparecen en los diferentes libros de texto de Educación Primaria. El fin último, es conocer si se realiza un adecuado uso y tratamiento de la climatología en los manuales escolares, si permite la consecución de las competencias geográficas y si se adecúa al desarrollo psicoevolutivo del alumnado de Educación Primaria

Spatial spillovers in public expenditure on a municipal level in Spain

A key function of local governments is to provide a wide array of public services. The supply of these services has been found to create spatial spillovers among neighbouring municipalities. Although it is generally agreed that spillovers are present in models that explain government expenditures, their type—whether endogenous, exogenous or residual—and sign—whether positive or negative—remain ambiguous. In most cases, a subjective process is used to select the type of spatial regression model used in analysis, with mixed results. Per capita expenditures of ten subprogrammes (Security, Housing, Welfare, Environment, Social services, Employment promotion, Health, Education, Culture and Sport) are analysed for all Spanish municipalities with more than 5000 inhabitants in the 2010–2012 period. A Spatial Seemingly Unrelated Regression methodology in a panel framework is used to incorporate correlation between different subprogrammes and spatial dependence. Our results show that the three types of spatial effects are present. Furthermore, substantive dependence is positive in most cases, while negative residual dependence is observed in some.We gratefully acknowledge the contribution of three anonymous reviewers in helping us improve the quality of this paper. Prof. Fernando A. López , grateful for the financial support offered by the projects from Programa de Ayudas a Grupos de Excelencia de la Región de Murcia, Fundación Seneca (#19884-GERM-15) and Ministry of Economy and Competiveness (ECO2015-651758)

Socio-spatial research on logistics and its impact on urban environment: A review

This review article attempts to respond to the following research questions: How has evolved socio-spatial analysis on logistics, which are the most studied types of this economic activity, and the major impacts of logistics on urban space. This article draws on a systemized bibliometric analysis to identify the main tendencies in logistics' spatial study. It identifies four clusters of literature that put interest on different subtopics and approaches. The review reveals the current hegemony of applied research that focuses on sustainability, streamlining, and technology, mainly from the USA and China, despite research on globalization and industry. In fact, concerning the urban space, the most vivid academic discussion revolves around the location of warehousing and transport activity within cities. Finally, the article highlights the lack of critical perspectives on logistics and socio-spatial conflicts generated by logistics extension inmainstream academic literature. The analysis concludes that socio-spatial disputes related to logistics remain understudied and, consequently, further research should be conducted on this field. © 2021 WITPress. All rights reserved.This work was supported by the European Commision-Erasmus+ Programme under Grant 611583-EPP-1-2019-1-ES-EPPJMO-MODULE; and the Instituto Universitario para el Desarrollo social y Sostenible (INDESS) of the University of Cádiz. The authors would like to thank Iban Diaz-Parra for his valuable suggestions on previous draft of the manuscript and to the help of Alex Aguirre and Álvaro García Rosa with different stages of the research process

Proposal of rehabilitation protocol after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament in soccer

El fútbol es uno de los deportes más practicado a nivel mundial, pero al tratarse de un deporte de contacto conlleva un gran número de lesiones, destacando una de las más graves, la rotura del ligamento cruzado anterior. Tras realizar una consulta de la principal bibliografía sobre esta lesión y su recuperación para lograr el retorno a la práctica deportiva, se propone un protocolo de readaptación de dicha lesión focalizado en la figura del profesional en ciencias de la actividad física y el deporte especializado en readaptación de lesiones deportivas. El ligamento cruzado anterior tiene una gran influencia en la cinemática de la rodilla, evitando la traslación anterior de la tibia. Por lo tanto, su rotura supone una gran pérdida de movilidad, estabilidad y funcionalidad de dicha articulación para este tipo de deportes. Así mismo, conoceremos los factores de riesgo que favorecen dicha lesión y los mecanismos a través de los que se origina. Del mismo modo, la incidencia lesional que presentan tanto hombres como mujeres futbolistas y observando los factores diferenciadores que hacen a la mujer más vulnerable a dicha lesión. Para finalizar, se expondrán los distintos diagnósticos para identificar la lesión y los tratamientos a los que se puede someter un paciente; en el caso del futbolista, suele ser la cirugía. Además de un protocolo de readaptación tras la rotura del LCA y su progresiva regeneración para la óptima funcionalidad de la rodilla; diferenciando fases y objetivos a lograr para la vuelta a la competición del futbolista. Abstract: Soccer is one of the most practiced sports in the world, but being a contact sport leads to a large number of injuries, highlighting one of the most serious, the rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament. After conducting a review of the main literature on this injury and its recovery to achieve a return to sports practice, a protocol of rehabilitation of said injury focused on the figure of the professional in physical activity sciences and sport specialized in rehabilitation of sports injuries is proposed The anterior cruciate ligament has a great influence on the kinematics of the knee, preventing anterior translation of the tibia. Therefore, its breakage implies a great loss of mobility, stability and functionality of said joint for this type of sports. Likewise, we will know the risk factors that favor such injury and the mechanisms through which it originates. Similar to the injury of both men and women soccer players and observing the differentiating factors that make a woman more vulnerable to such injury. Finally, the various diagnoses will be exposed to identify the injury and treatments that a patient may undergo; in the case of the footballer is usually surgery. In addition, a rehabilitation protocol after rupture and its progressive regeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament for optimal knee functionality; differentiating phases and objectives to be achieved for the return to competition for soccer players

Rules of Causal Judgment: Mapping Statistical Information onto Causal Beliefs (Erratum)

Correction of erroneous signs in Equation 2 from: Perales, J.C., Catena, A., Cándido, A., & Maldonado, A. (2017). Rules of Causal Judgment: Mapping Statistical Information onto Causal Beliefs. In: M. Waldmann (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Causal Reasoning. (pp. 29-51). Oxford University Press. [Available at https://goo.gl/R2rQ4b].Universidad de Granada. Grupo de Investigación Aprendizaje, Emoción y Decisión (CTS176

Los sistemas defensivos del Real Arsenal de Cartagena (S. XVIII)

[EN] Cartagena and its arsenal became the main facility of the Spanish Mediterranean during the 18th century. Dozens of fortification were built in order to defend them, which were organised into three large systems of defence. The first was created for the immediate protection of the shipyard by means of perimeter ramparts, which enclosed the facilities, and a battery to the port side. The second was associated with marine defence and was formed by a series of defence batteries built at the mouth of the harbour. Finally, land defence was dealt with by means of the construction of town ramparts and several external forts on the main hills. These defences managed to protect the arsenal and the city against possible attacks from outside and the majority remained in service until the beginning of the 20th century, when a large number were abandoned.Martínez López, JA. (2015). Los sistemas defensivos del Real Arsenal de Cartagena (S. XVIII). En Defensive architecture of the mediterranean: XV to XVIII centuries. Vol. II. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 223-230. https://doi.org/10.4995/FORTMED2015.2015.1766OCS22323