22,334 research outputs found
Second-harmonic generation of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by laser ablation of solids in liquids
We report the synthesis of small zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) based colloidal suspensions and the study of second-harmonic generation from aggregated ZnO NPs deposited on glass substrates. The colloidal suspensions were obtained using the laser ablation of solids in liquids technique, ablating a Zn solid target immersed in acetone as the liquid medium, with ns-laser pulses (1064 nm) of a Nd-YAG laser. The per pulse laser fluence, the laser repetition rate frequency and the ablation time were kept constant. The absorption evolution of the obtained suspensions was optically characterized through absorption spectroscopy until stabilization. Raman spectroscopy, SEM and HRTEM were used to provide evidence of the ZnO NPs structure. HRTEM results showed that 5–8 nm spheroids ZnO NPs were obtained. Strong second-harmonic signal is obtained from random ZnO monocrystalline NPs and from aggregated ZnO NPs, suggesting that the high efficiency of the nonlinear process may not depend on the NPs size or aggregation state
One-dimensional relativistic dissipative system with constant force and its quantization
For a relativistic particle under a constant force and a linear velocity
dissipation force, a constant of motion is found. Problems are shown for
getting the Hamiltoninan of this system. Thus, the quantization of this system
is carried out through the constant of motion and using the quantization of the
velocity variable. The dissipative relativistic quantum bouncer is outlined
within this quantization approach.Comment: 11 pages, no figure
Towards understanding the antibacterial activity of Ag nanoparticles: electron microscopy in the analysis of the materials-biology interface in the lung
On the nature of transverse coronal waves revealed by wavefront dislocations
Coronal waves are an important aspect of the dynamics of the plasma in the
corona. Wavefront dislocations are topological features of most waves in nature
and also of magnetohydrodynamic waves. Are there dislocations in coronal waves?
The finding and explanation of dislocations may shed light on the nature and
characteristics of the propagating waves, their interaction in the corona and
in general on the plasma dynamics. We positively identify dislocations in
coronal waves observed by the Coronal Multi-channel Polarimeter (CoMP) as
singularities in the Doppler shifts of emission coronal lines. We study the
possible singularities that can be expected in coronal waves and try to
reproduce the observed dislocations in terms of localization and frequency of
appearance. The observed dislocations can only be explained by the interference
of a kink and a sausage wave modes propagating with different frequencies along
the coronal magnetic field. In the plane transverse to the propagation, the
cross-section of the oscillating plasma must be smaller than the spatial
resolution, and the two waves result in net longitudinal and transverse
velocity components that are mixed through projection onto the line of sight.
Alfv\'en waves can be responsible of the kink mode, but a magnetoacoustic
sausage mode is necessary in all cases. Higher (flute) modes are excluded. The
kink mode has a pressure amplitude that is smaller than the pressure amplitude
of the sausage mode, though its observed velocity is larger. This concentrates
dislocations on the top of the loop. To explain dislocations, any model of
coronal waves must include the simultaneous propagation and interference of
kink and sausage wave modes of comparable but different frequencies, with a
sausage wave amplitude much smaller than the kink one.Comment: 11 pages. 5 figures. Accepted for publication in A&
A Novel Multi-parameter Family of Quantum Systems with Partially Broken N-fold Supersymmetry
We develop a systematic algorithm for constructing an N-fold supersymmetric
system from a given vector space invariant under one of the supercharges.
Applying this algorithm to spaces of monomials, we construct a new
multi-parameter family of N-fold supersymmetric models, which shall be referred
to as "type C". We investigate various aspects of these type C models in
detail. It turns out that in certain cases these systems exhibit a novel
phenomenon, namely, partial breaking of N-fold supersymmetry.Comment: RevTeX 4, 28 pages, no figure
Anisotropic response of the moving vortex lattice in superconducting MoGe amorphous films
We have performed magnetic susceptibility measurements in MoGe
amorphous thin films biased with an electrical current using anisotropic coils.
We tested the symmetry of the vortex response changing the relative orientation
between the bias current and the susceptibility coils. We found a region in the
DC current - temperature phase diagram where the dynamical vortex structures
behave anisotropically. In this region the shielding capability of the
superconducting currents measured by the susceptibility coils is less effective
along the direction of vortex motion compared to the transverse direction. This
anisotropic response is found in the same region where the peak effect in the
critical current is developed. On rising temperature the isotropic behavior is
recovered.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure
X-ray flares on the UV Ceti-type star CC Eridani: a "peculiar" time-evolution of spectral parameters
Context: Weak flares are supposed to be an important heating agent of the
outer layers of stellar atmospheres. However, due to instrumental limitations,
only large X-ray flares have been studied in detail until now.
Aims: We used an XMM-Newton observation of the very active BY-Dra type binary
star CC Eri in order to investigate the properties of two flares that are
weaker than those typically studied in the literature.
Methods: We performed time-resolved spectroscopy of the data taken with the
EPIC-PN CCD camera. A multi-temperature model was used to fit the spectra. We
inferred the size of the flaring loops using the density-temperature diagram.
The loop scaling laws were applied for deriving physical parameters of the
flaring plasma. We also estimated the number of loops involved in the observed
flares.
Results: A large X-ray variability was found. Spectral analysis showed that
all the regions in the light curve, including the flare segments, are
well-described by a 3-T model with variable emission measures but,
surprisingly, with constant temperatures (values of 3, 10 and 22 MK). The
analysed flares lasted ~ 3.4 and 7.1 ks, with flux increases of factors
1.5-1.9. They occurred in arcades made of a few tens of similar coronal loops.
The size of the flaring loops is much smaller than the distance between the
stellar surfaces in the binary system, and even smaller than the radius of each
of the stars. The obtained results are consistent with the following ideas: (i)
the whole X-ray light curve of CC Eri could be the result of a superposition of
multiple low-energy flares, and (ii) stellar flares can be scaled-up versions
of solar flares.Comment: 14 pages, 12 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy &
Astrophysic
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