Turbiditas carbonatadas del Cretácico inferior en el Arroyo Bercho, Prebético de Jaén: Interpretación genética e implicaciones paleogeográficas

[ES] El análisis de las características sedimentarias de las turbiditas carbonatadas permite precisar la interpretación paleogeográfica del Prebético de Jaén, durante el Cretácico. Se pueden distinguir dos asociaciones de facies: a) Turbiditas de estatificación fina, intercaladas en abundante sedimento pelágico, e interpretadas como facies de borde de lóbulo. b) Cuerpos turbidíticos lenticulares interpretados como lóbulos de depósito formados por agradación. Aparecen asociadas a una serie depositada en una cuenca que progresivamente se fue haciendo más somera y que terminó con la implantación de una plataforma carbonatada en el Cenomanense. Se calcula que el depósito de las turbidítas debió realizarse a unos pocos centenares de metros de profundidad.[EN] The analysis of the sedimentary characteristics of the carbonate turbidites allows to accurate the paleogeographic interpretation of the Prebetie of laen. Two types of facies associations can be distinguished: a) Thin bedded turbidites> as intercalations into mainly hemipelapic sediments, interpreted as lobe fringe facies, b) Lents like turbiditie bodies corresponding to agradational depositional lobes. They occur associated to an shallowing upward sequence ending with Cenomanian carbonated platform facies. The turbiditic deposit supodselly took place in a few hundreds meters deep sedimentary basin.Trabajo patrocinado por la C.A.I.C.Y.T., dentro del proyecto «El Mesozoico de las Cordilleras Béticas» realizado en este centro del C.S.I.C.Peer reviewe

Production of Sponge Iron Powder by Reduction of a By-product of the Steelmaking Industry

Ref. Revista/libro: Proceedings of the International Powder Metallurgy Congress & Exhibition (PM2010). Volumen I. Editors: European Powder Metallurgy Association (EPMA). Florencia (Italia), October 2010.Rolling mill scale is a solid steelmaking by-product that contains metallic iron (Fe), wustite (FeO), hematite (α-Fe2O3) and magnetite (Fe3O4). It also contains traces of non-ferrous metals, alkaline compounds and oils from the rolling process. A study is made of the reduction of mill scale to sponge iron, in covered crucibles, using coke at different temperatures (1050º-1150ºC) and times (3-12 h). The final treatment of the samples was carried out in a hydrogen atmosphere furnace at 900ºC for 0.5 h. The reduced samples are studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Oxygen analysis is carried out by combustion in a LECO oven. The reduction of mill scale allows the new use and development of this material to obtain sponge iron that can be re-used to the electric furnace as metallic load in steel manufacturing or as a raw material in the production of iron-base powder metallurgy parts.European Powder Metallurgy Association (EPMA).Peer reviewe

Procedimiento de obtención de esponjas metálicas

Titulares: Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasProcedimiento de obtención de esponjas metálicas. La presente invención proporciona un procedimiento para obtener una esponja metálica a partir de un material metálico que comprende: i) reducción de un material metálico mediante tratamiento con un material carbonoso en horno con atmósfera de aire; y ii) reducción del producto obtenido en la etapa anterior mediante tratamiento en horno de atmósfera de hidrógeno. En particular, la invención describe la obtención de esponja de hierro a partir de cascarilla por el procedimiento anterior.Peer reviewe

Mesozoic palaeogeographic evolution of the External Zones of the Betic Cordillera

14 páginas, 8 figuras.The main events characterizing the Mesozoic palaeogeographic evolution of the External Zones of the Betic Cordillera are outlined. The Triassic sediments show a 'germanic' type lacies over the entire region, ending with Late Triassic evaporites and variegated clays of Keuper facies. At the beginning of the Jurassic a transgression takes place, and a broad shallow-marine carbonate-platform environment appears. During the Carixian (180 Ma) the carbonate platform breaks down leading to the differentiation of two large palaeogeographic units: the Prebetic Zone where shallow-water environments prevailed throughout the Mesozoic, and the Subbetic Zone where the sediments are clearly pelagic. Within the Prebetic Zone, two palaeogeographic realms are differentiated: the External Prebetic ,showing important stratigraphic gaps in the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous sequence, and the Internal Prebetic with a thicker and more continuous stratigraphic sequence. Between the Prebetic and Subbetic Zones, a palaeogeographic realm is distinguished (Intermediate units) where turbiditic and pelagic materials were deposited. This zone corresponds approximately to a slope environment during most of Mesozoic times. In the Subbetic Zone a marked differential subsidence occurs during the Jurassic, leading to trough (Median Subbetic) and swells (External and Internal Subbetic). In the Median Subbetic, the deposits consist mainly of marls, pelagic limestones, radiolarites and calcareous turbidites, with mafic volcanic hand subvolcanic rocks. During the Cretaceous pelagic marls and marty limestones were laid down. Mesozoic sedimentation took place along the southern margin of the European plate, in an Atlantic-type continental margin underlain by continental crust. Three-dimensional schemes, explaining the main palaeogcographic events are included.Peer reviewe

Censo de focos de "Heterobasidion annosum" (Fr.) Bref. en ecosistemas de pinsapo

Se exponen los resultados de un censo de focos de podredumbre radical causada por Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. en ecosistemas de Abies pinsapo Boiss. en las tres áreas de distribución natural de la especie en la Península Ibérica: los pinsapares de Sierra de las Nieves (Málaga), Sierra de Grazalema (Cádiz) y Los Reales de Sierra Bermeja (Málaga). La búsqueda del patógeno se dirigió a la observación de los sistemas radicales de los pies derribados visibles en el monte, para posterior delimitación de las zonas afectadas y cumplimentación de una ficha de campo específica para la descripción y caracterización de la enfermedad. El patógeno fue detectado en la totalidad de las áreas muestreadas, en un total de 81 centros de infección o focos, contabilizándose, adicionalmente, 11 zonas de elevada mortandad de pinsapo (áreas de posible infección), donde no pudo comprobarse la presencia del patógeno, si bien ésta se consideró posible. El Parque Natural Sierra de las Nieves fue el más afectado, con un 88.9% de los focos detectados. En Sierra de Grazalema la incidencia fue considerablemente inferior, si bien las características del pinsapar y las particularidades de la enfermedad en la zona hicieron temer de un riesgo generalizado de infección. Finalmente, Los Reales fue la zona menos afectada, con tan sólo un foco con causa atribuible a H. annosum.We expose the results of an inventory of gaps of trees of Abies pinsapo with root decay caused by Heterobasidion annosum. The sampling was developed in ecosystems with Abies pinsapo Boiss., in the species natural areas of the Iberian Peninsula: Sierra de las Nieves (Málaga, Spain), Sierra de Grazalema (Cádiz, Spain) and Los Reales de Sierra Bermeja (Málaga, Spain). The pathogen research was restricted to the observation of the radical systems in windthrown trees, identification in roots and further delimitation of the affected surface. The pathogen was identified in 81 infection centers, aditionally accounting 11 areas of high mortality oí Abies pinsapo trees {areas of possible infection), where the presence of H. annosum was not certain but considered possible. Sierra de las Nieves Natural Park was the most affected area, reaching the 88.9% of the total amount of infections centers. Sierra de Grazalema showed a lower incidence, although the stand features and disease particularities in this Park make us suspect a general and high risk of infection all over the A. pinsapo forest. Finally, Los Reales was the least affected zone, with only one infection center with root decay caused by H. annosum

Spatial Gradients of Intensity and Persistence of Soil Water Repellency Under Different Forest Types in Central Mexico

Organic residues release hydrophobic compounds to the soil that may induce soil water repellency (WR), which may inhibit infiltration andincrease runoff and soil loss rates. Although there are many studies on soil WR through the world, very few investigations have been con-ducted in Mexican areas. This paper studies the natural background of soil WR in soils from central Mexico under representative forest types,analyzing the spatial distribution of soil WR in relation with tree canopy, vegetation cover and main soil chemical (pH, CaCO3, organic Ccontent and exchangeable cations) and physical properties (texture). The water drop penetration time and the ethanol tests were used to assesspersistence and intensity of soil WR, respectively. Although soil WR was not related with soil properties, it decreased strongly from soil be-low the canopy of conifers to soil below oaks. When different types of vegetation cover were considered, the proportion of water-repellentsoil increased following the sequence: bare soil < shrubs and herbaceous plants < shrubs < trees from fir, fir-pine-oak and pine-oak forest.We found an inverse relation with distance to the tree trunks, contributing to create a patchy pattern of soil WR, with soils under the canopyof conifers showing the most severe WR levels. The spatial distribution of soil WR is also conditioned by microclimatic gradients, as per-sistence and intensity of soil WR were usually lower in shaded areas (upslope transects from the tree trunks), where soil moisture contentis expected to be higher on average through the year. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, LtdMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad CGL2013-47862-C2-1-RMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad CGL 2012-38655-C04-0

Un sistema normalizado de indicadores de gestión aplicable a los ayuntamientos andaluces. El proyecto Sinigal II y su aplicación al servicio de cultura

Como es bien sabido, los indicadores de gestión representan instrumentos de gran utilidad para lograr la mejora de la calidad en los servicios prestados por las administraciones públicas y en sus actuaciones, contribuyendo así a la modernización del sector público tradicional, que viene presidida, fundamentalmente, por la introducción de la competencia y el mercado y por la gestión orientada hacia el ciudadano. Así, gracias a un convenio de colaboración suscrito entre estas tres instituciones, un grupo de profesores del Departamento de Economía Financiera y Contabilidad de dicha Universidad ha podido trabajar en un proyecto que pretende la aplicación real de indicadores de gestión en entidades locales andaluzas, constando la investigación de dos grandes etapas, denominadas SINIGAL I y SINIGAL II. Palabras clave: indicadores, gestión, datos, indicadores eficiencia, gestores ,proyecto sinigal. A standardized system of management indicators applicable to Andalusian town councils. The Sinigal II project and its application to the service of culture Abstract: As is well known, management indicators represent highly useful instruments to improve the quality of the services provided by public administrations and in their actions, thus contributing to the modernization of the traditional public sector, which is presided over, fundamentally, by by introducing competition and the market and by citizen-oriented management. Thus, thanks to a collaboration agreement signed between these three institutions, a group of professors from the Department of Financial Economics and Accounting of said University has been able to work on a project that aims to apply real management indicators in local Andalusian entities, including the investigation of two large stages, called SINIGAL I and SINIGAL II. Keywords: indicators, management, data, efficiency indicators, managers, sinigal projec

IAA : Información y actualidad astronómica (34)

Sumario : Ondas gravitatorias: la otra luz del cosmos.-- El camino hacia el interior de las estrellas.-- DECONSTRUCCIÓN Y otros ENSAYOS. Clima marciano.-- EL “MOBY DICK” DE... Javier Gorosabel (IAA-CSIC).-- CIENCIA EN HISTORIAS. Antonia Maury: un espíritu libre.-- ACTUALIDAD.-- ENTRE BASTIDORES.-- CIENCIA: PILARES E INCERTIDUMBRES. Atmósfera de Marte.-- RECOMENDADOS.N

Long-term effects of intermittent adolescent alcohol exposure in male and female rats

Alcohol is a serious public health concern that has a differential impact on individuals depending upon age and sex. Patterns of alcohol consumption have recently changed: heavy episodic drinking—known as binge-drinking—has become most popular among the youth. Herein, we aimed to investigate the consequences of intermittent adolescent alcohol consumption in male and female animals. Thus, Wistar rats were given free access to ethanol (20% in drinking water) or tap water for 2-h sessions during 3 days, and for an additional 4-h session on the 4th day; every week during adolescence, from postnatal day (pnd) 28–52. During this period, animals consumed a moderate amount of alcohol despite blood ethanol concentration (BEC) did not achieve binge-drinking levels. No withdrawal signs were observed: no changes were observed regarding anxiety-like responses in the elevated plus-maze or plasma corticosterone levels (pnd 53–54). In the novel object recognition (NOR) test (pnd 63), a significant deficit in recognition memory was observed in both male and female rats. Western Blot analyses resulted in an increase in the expression of synaptophysin in the frontal cortex (FC) of male and female animals, together with a decrease in the expression of the CB2R in the same brain region. In addition, adolescent alcohol induced, exclusively among females, a decrease in several markers of dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission, in which epigenetic mechanisms, i.e., histone acetylation, might be involved. Taken together, further research is still needed to specifically correlate sex-specific brain and behavioral consequences of adolescent alcohol exposure