Buenas prácticas en competencias mediáticas y altas capacidades intelectuales

Esta comunicación tiene por objetivo relatar una experiencia llevada a cabo con alumnos con altas capacidades intelectuales bajo el eje principal de la educación en pantallas y ofrecer una guía didáctica que permita implementar el taller en otros centros docentes. La metodología de trabajo se ha realizado desde tres universidades andaluzas de Comunicación y Educación (Universidad de Málaga, Universidad Pablo de Olavide de Sevilla y Universidad de Cádiz).Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Portafolio digital: un nuevo formato de aprendizaje

El presente documento recoge un estudio exploratorio sobre el uso del E-portafolio como herramienta de innovación en la docencia universitaria de una asignatura. La investigación se basa en un estudio de naturaleza descriptiva a través de la técnica de la encuesta (cuestionario). Los resultados muestran que se trata de una herramienta de aprendizaje valorada positivamente y que plantean una serie de aspectos positivos valorados altamente como la accesibilidad al aprendizaje cooperativo o el ahorro económico y medio ambiental que supone prescindir de la impresión en papel. El E-portafolio es un instrumento que contribuye al proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, que ayuda a que el alumnado sea consciente de éste, acercándole progresivamente a un aprendizaje autónomo y responsable

Dual encoding of muscle tension and eye position by abducens motoneurons

Extraocular muscle tension associated with spontaneous eye movements has a pulse-slide-step profile similar to that of motoneuron firing rate. Existing models only relate motoneuron firing to eye position, velocity and acceleration. We measured and quantitatively compared lateral rectus muscle force and eye position with the firing of abducens motoneurons in the cat to determine fundamental encoding correlations. During fixations (step), muscle force increased exponentially with eccentric eye position, consistent with a model of estimate ensemble motor innervation based on neuronal sensitivities and recruitment order. Moreover, firing rate in all motoneurons tested was better related to eye position than to muscle tension during fixations. In contrast, during the postsaccadic slide phase, the time constant of firing rate decay was closely related to that of muscle force decay, suggesting that all motoneurons encode muscle tension as well. Discharge characteristics of abducens motoneurons formed overlapping clusters of phasic and tonic motoneurons, thus, tonic units recruited earlier and had a larger slide signal. We conclude that the slide signal is a discharge characteristic of the motoneuron that controls muscle tension during the postsaccadic phase and that motoneurons are specialized for both tension and position-related properties. The organization of signal content in the pool of abducens motoneurons from the very phasic to the very tonic units is possibly a result of the differential trophic background received from distinct types of muscle fibers

Axons Giving Rise to the Palisade Endings of Feline Extraocular Muscles Display Motor Features

Palisade endings are nerve specializations found in the extraocular muscles (EOMs) of mammals, including primates. They have long been postulated to be proprioceptors. It was recently demonstrated that palisade endings are cholinergic and that in monkeys they originate from the EOM motor nuclei. Nevertheless, there is considerable difference of opinion concerning the nature of palisade ending function. Palisade endings in EOMs were examined in cats to test whether they display motor or sensory characteristics. We injected an anterograde tracer into the oculomotor or abducens nuclei and combined tracer visualization with immunohistochemistry and α-bungarotoxin staining. Employing immunohistochemistry, we performed molecular analyses of palisade endings and trigeminal ganglia to determine whether cat palisade endings are a cholinergic trigeminal projection. We confirmed that palisade endings are cholinergic and showed, for the first time, that they, like extraocular motoneurons, are also immunoreactive for calcitonin gene-related peptide. Following tracer injection into the EOM nuclei, we observed tracer-positive palisade endings that exhibited choline acetyl transferase immunoreactivity. The tracer-positive nerve fibers supplying palisade endings also established motor terminals along the muscle fibers, as demonstrated by α-bungarotoxin. Neither the trigeminal ganglion nor the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve contained cholinergic elements. This study confirms that palisade endings originate in the EOM motor nuclei and further indicates that they are extensions of the axons supplying the muscle fiber related to the palisade. The present work excludes the possibility that they receive cholinergic trigeminal projections. These findings call into doubt the proposed proprioceptive function of palisade endings

Effects of Selective Deafferentation on the Discharge Characteristics of Medial Rectus Motoneurons

Medial rectus motoneurons receive two main pontine inputs: abducens internuclear neurons, whose axons course through the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF), and neurons in the lateral vestibular nucleus, whose axons project through the ascending tract of Deiters (ATD). Abducens internuclear neurons are responsible for conjugate gaze in the horizontal plane, whereas ATD neurons provide medial rectus motoneurons with a vestibular input comprising mainly head velocity. To reveal the relative contribution of each input to the oculomotor physiology, single-unit recordings from medial rectus motoneurons were obtained in the control situation and after selective deafferentation from cats with unilateral transection of either the MLF or the ATD. Both MLF and ATD transection produced similar short-term alterations in medial rectus motoneuron firing pattern, which were more drastic in MLF of animals. However, long-term recordings revealed important differences between the two types of lesion. Thus, while the effects of the MLF section were permanent, 2 months after ATD lesioning all motoneuronal firing parameters were similar to the control. These findings indicated a more relevant role of the MLF pathway in driving motoneuronal firing and evidenced compensatory mechanisms following the ATD lesion. Confocal immunocytochemistry revealed that MLF transection produced also a higher loss of synaptic boutons, mainly at the dendritic level. Moreover, 2 months after ATD transection, we observed an increase in synaptic coverage around motoneuron cell bodies compared with short-term data, which is indicative of a synaptogenic compensatory mechanism of the abducens internuclear pathway that could lead to the observed firing and morphological recovery. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Eye movements rely on multiple neuronal circuits for appropriate performance. The abducens internuclear pathway through the medial longitudinal fascicle (MLF) and the vestibular neurons through the ascending tract of Deiters (ATD) are a dual system that supports the firing of medial rectus motoneurons. We report the effect of sectioning the MLF or the ATD pathway on the firing of medial rectus motoneurons, as well as the plastic mechanisms by which one input compensates for the lack of the other. This work shows that while the effects of MLF transection are permanent, the ATD section produces transitory effects. A mechanism based on axonal sprouting and occupancy of the vacant synaptic space due to deafferentation is the base for the mechanism of compensation on the medial rectus motoneuron

Evaluation of a new educational resource-dynamic slides- for the teaching of Organic Chemistry in the Pharmacy Degree

Se ha llevado a cabo la implantación de un nuevo recurso didáctico en la enseñanza de la Química Orgánica de la Licenciatura de Farmacia, con los objetivos de adaptar la docencia tradicional al Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES) y de facilitar la comprensión y el aprendizaje de la asignatura. El citado recurso didáctico está basado en la utilización de presentaciones dinámicas en PowerPoint. Con él se intenta paliar algunos de los problemas más comunes que se suelen presentar en la enseñanza de la Química Orgánica, como es la dificultad experimentada por el alumnado para la asimilación de los conceptos complejos implicados en la materia. La metodología empleada hace uso de dos recursos: Hand-outs (guías), parcialmente completos, de las diapositivas del tema a impartir y diapositivas dinámicas. Se ha efectuado una evaluación preliminar del método mediante un cuestionario de opinión que han contestado los alumnos. Del análisis de esta encuesta hemos extraído conclusiones positivas, que indican una buena aceptación por parte del alumnado hacia la nueva metodología docente.A new educational resource has been introduced for the teaching of Organic Chemistry to second-year students in the Pharmacy Degree. Its aim is the adaptation of the traditional education to the European Space for Higher Education and to facilitate the learning and understanding of Organic Chemistry. This resource involves the use of dynamic PowerPoint presentations in an attempt to overcome some of the most common problems in the teaching of Organic Chemistry. One of them is the difficulty of making complex concepts understandable to the students. The used methodology makes use of two different resources for the teaching of each lesson: Partially completed hand-outs, made out from the slides of the lesson to teach, and dynamic slides. A preliminary evaluation of the method has been performed by means of an opinion poll completed by the students. A series of positive conclusions has been drawn from the analysis of the answers to this survey, indicating a good acceptance of the new educational methodology between the students

Circuitos de ocio juveniles mediados: un caso de prácticas lúdicas y ecología mediátíca en Córdoba capital (2008-2017)

El presente trabajo surge como una muestra basada en los cambios en los Circuitos de Ocio juveniles en el distrito centro de Córdoba Capital (España). Por medio de un grupo de discusión y seis entrevistas en profundidad, analizaremos los cambios en las prácticas lúdicas de los jóvenes que, actualmente, se encuentran mediadas por la interfaz digital de sus dispositivos móviles de comunicación. Ofrecemos una comparación con el sentido de ser joven de los años noventa y ochenta, así como un bosquejo de su influencia en la interfaz digital de los Circuitos de Ocio de la ciudad por medio de mapas elaborados en base a las entrevistas

Validación de un cuestionario para evaluar la compresión sobre tablas estadísticas en educación primaria

Presentamos el proceso de diseño y validación de un cuestionario para evaluar la compresión sobre tablas estadísticas en niños de tercero de Educación Primaria en Chil

Nerve Growth Factor Regulates the Firing Patterns and Synaptic Composition of Motoneurons

Target-derived neurotrophins exert powerful synaptotrophic actions in the adult brain and are involved in the regulation of different forms of synaptic plasticity. Target disconnection produces a profound synaptic stripping due to the lack of trophic support. Conse- quently, target reinnervation leads to synaptic remodeling and restoration of cellular functions. Extraocular motoneurons are unique in that they normally express the TrkA neurotrophin receptor in the adult, a feature not seen in other cranial or spinal motoneurons, except after lesions such as axotomy or in neurodegenerative diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We investigated the effects of nerve growth factor (NGF) by retrogradely delivering this neurotrophin to abducens motoneurons of adult cats. Axotomy reduced the density of somatic boutons and the overall tonic and phasic firing modulation. Treatment with NGF restored synaptic inputs and firing modu- lation in axotomized motoneurons. When K252a, a selective inhibitor of tyrosine kinase activity, was applied to specifically test TrkA effects, the NGF-mediated restoration of synapses and firing-related parameters was abolished. Discharge variability and recruitment threshold were, however, increased by NGF compared with control or axotomized motoneurons. Interestingly, these parameters re- turned to normal following application of REX, an antibody raised against neurotrophin receptor p75 (p75 NTR). In conclusion, NGF, acting retrogradely through TrkA receptors, supports afferent boutons and regulates the burst and tonic signals correlated with eye movements. On the other hand, p75 NTR activation regulates recruitment threshold, which impacts on firing regularity. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing powerful synaptotrophic effects of NGF on motoneurons in vivo

Overexpression of budding yeast protein phosphatase Ppz1 impairs translation

The Ser/Thr protein phosphatase Ppz1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the best characterized member of a family of enzymes only found in fungi. Ppz1 is regulated in vivo by two inhibitory subunits, Hal3 and Vhs3, which are moonlighting proteins also involved in the decarboxylation of the 4-phosphopantothenoylcysteine (PPC) intermediate required for coenzyme A biosynthesis. It has been reported that, when overexpressed, Ppz1 is the most toxic protein in yeast. However, the reasons for such toxicity have not been elucidated. Here we show that the detrimental effect of excessive Ppz1 expression is due to an increase in its phosphatase activity and not to a plausible down-titration of the PPC decarboxylase components. We have identified several genes encoding ribosomal proteins and ribosome assembly factors as mild high-copy suppressors of the toxic Ppz1 effect. Ppz1 binds to ribosomes engaged in translation and copurifies with diverse ribosomal proteins and translation factors. Ppz1 overexpression results in Gcn2-dependent increased phosphorylation of eIF2α at Ser-51. Consistently, deletion of GCN2 partially suppresses the growth defect of a Ppz1 overexpressing strain. We propose that the deleterious effects of Ppz1 overexpression are in part due to alteration in normal protein synthesis.Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad BFU2017-82574-P, BFU2016-75352-