76 research outputs found
Efecto del sexo sobre la calidad de la canal, de la carne y de la grasa de cerdos pesados
España es el primer país productor de jamón a escala mundial. La base animal de la producción de jamón y de otros productos elaborados son cerdos pesados que se sacrifican, generalmente, con pesos superiores a 105 kg. Dentro del escenario productivo del cerdo blanco mejorado, nuestro país cuenta con una Especialidad Tradicional Garantizada (ETG) denominada Jamón Serrano, una Denominación de Origen (Jamón y Paleta de Teruel) y una Indicación Geográfica Protegida (Jamón de Trévelez) amparadas por unas exigencias de calidad que no todos los animales satisfacen
Efecto de la densidad en cebo sobre el rendimiento productivo, la composición de la carne y el perfil de ácidos grasos de cerdos sacrificados con 110 kg de peso
El número de cerdos por cuadra y la densidad influyen sobre el rendimiento productivo
(Edmons et al., 1998). Además, la densidad de cría puede afectar a la calidad de la canal y
de la carne (Estevez et al., 2003), ya que una reducción del espacio disponible da lugar a
peleas y mordeduras de colas. Sin embargo, la producción de carne por m
2
aumenta con la
densidad con un mejor aprovechamiento de la superficie disponible. Por otro lado, la
densidad podría afectar de distinto modo a hembras (HE) y a machos castrados (MC)
debido posiblemente al menor consumo voluntario de pienso de las HE. A este particular,
Hamilton et al. (2003) observaron que a altas densidades de cría las HE fueron
relativamente más magras mientras que los MC eran relativamente más grasos. Cambios en
la densidad de cría, pueden afectar a la composición en ácidos grasos de la canal debido a
cambios en el consumo y a la utilización del alimento (Nürnberg et al., 1998). El objetivo de
este estudio fue comparar el efecto de la densidad de cebo de HE y MC con alto potencial
de crecimiento, sobre el rendimiento productivo y la composición de la carne y el perfil de
ácidos grasos en cerdos de 19 a 109 kg PV
Comparative Analysis of Muscle Transcriptome between Pig Genotypes Identifies Genes and Regulatory Mechanisms Associated to Growth, Fatness and Metabolism.
Iberian ham production includes both purebred (IB) and Duroc-crossbred (IBxDU) Iberian pigs, which show important differences in meat quality and production traits, such as muscle growth and fatness. This experiment was conducted to investigate gene expression differences, transcriptional regulation and genetic polymorphisms that could be associated with the observed phenotypic differences between IB and IBxDU pigs. Nine IB and 10 IBxDU pigs were slaughtered at birth. Morphometric measures and blood samples were obtained and samples from Biceps femoris muscle were employed for compositional and transcriptome analysis by RNA-Seq technology. Phenotypic differences were evident at this early age, including greater body size and weight in IBxDU and greater Biceps femoris intramuscular fat and plasma cholesterol content in IB newborns. We detected 149 differentially expressed genes between IB and IBxDU neonates (p < 0.01 and Fold-Change > 1. 5). Several were related to adipose and muscle tissues development (DLK1, FGF21 or UBC). The functional interpretation of the transcriptomic differences revealed enrichment of functions and pathways related to lipid metabolism in IB and to cellular and muscle growth in IBxDU pigs. Protein catabolism, cholesterol biosynthesis and immune system were functions enriched in both genotypes. We identified transcription factors potentially affecting the observed gene expression differences. Some of them have known functions on adipogenesis (CEBPA, EGRs), lipid metabolism (PPARGC1B) and myogenesis (FOXOs, MEF2D, MYOD1), which suggest a key role in the meat quality differences existing between IB and IBxDU hams. We also identified several polymorphisms showing differential segregation between IB and IBxDU pigs. Among them, non-synonymous variants were detected in several transcription factors as PPARGC1B and TRIM63 genes, which could be associated to altered gene function. Taken together, these results provide information about candidate genes, metabolic pathways and genetic polymorphisms potentially involved in phenotypic differences between IB and IBxDU pigs associated to meat quality and production traits
Localización intracelular de la alfafetoproteína en el diencéfalo de ratón neonato
[ES] Localización intracelular de la alfafetoproteína en el diencéfalo de ratón neonat
Aceptores para los complejos 3H-Testosterona-Receptor en la cromatina de hipotálamo de ratón hembra de 7 días de edad
[ES] Aceptores para los complejos 3H-Testosterona-Receptor en la cromatina de hipotálamo de ratón hembra de 7 días de eda
Nutriactuando: implementación de material interactivo y audiovisual para mejorar la motivación y el aprendizaje en nutrición animal
Se plantea implementar los recursos on-line y el material interactivo y audiovisual para su utilización en el modelo educativo de clase invertida con el objeto de conseguir una mayor motivación y aprendizaje de la nutrición y alimentación animal
Modulatory Effects of Breed, Feeding Status, and Diet on Adipogenic, Lipogenic, and Lipolytic Gene Expression in Growing Iberian and Duroc Pigs
Meat quality depends on tissue composition which is in turn influenced by different factors, such as diet, genotype, age, or sex. We evaluated the effects of breed, 24 h fasting, and dietary energy source (HO: oleic acid versus CH: carbohydrates) on the expression of candidate genes involved in adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and lipolysis in the adipose tissue from Iberian and Duroc growing pigs. The Iberian pigs showed greater feed intake, backfat thickness, and saturated fatty acids (SFA) content in the subcutaneous fat, whereas the Duroc pigs had greater ham weight and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) content. In both breeds, the diet induced changes in the fatty acid (FA) composition of subcutaneous fat samples. The HO group had higher monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and oleic acid, and lower SFA than the CH group. Regarding gene expression, breed and feeding status (fasting versus postprandial) had significant effects on gene expression, with quantitative interactions between them, while diet showed negligible effects. In general, adipogenic and lipogenic genes were upregulated in the Iberian pigs and in postprandial samples. In contrast, the expression of lipolytic genes showed complex interaction effects. Our results agree with the phenotypic differences between the Iberian and Duroc breeds and with the inhibition of lipogenesis by fasting. Quantitative interactions between breed and feeding status effects were observed, which indicates a different response to fasting of the two breeds, with the obese Iberian breed showing a more stable expression of lipogenic genes. These results highlight the complexity of lipid metabolism regulation, especially in relation to lipolysis processes
Breed, Diet, and Interaction Effects on Adipose Tissue Transcriptome in Iberian and Duroc Pigs Fed Different Energy Sources
In this study, we analyzed the effects of breed, diet energy source, and their interaction on adipose tissue transcriptome in growing Iberian and Duroc pigs. The study comprised 29 Iberian and 19 Duroc males, which were kept under identical management conditions except the nutritional treatment. Two isoenergetic diets were used with 6% high oleic sunflower oil (HO) or carbohydrates (CH) as energy sources. All animals were slaughtered after 47 days of treatment at an average live weight of 51.2 kg. Twelve animals from each breed (six fed each diet) were employed for ham subcutaneous adipose tissue RNA-Seq analysis. The data analysis was performed using two different bioinformatic pipelines. We detected 837 and 1456 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) according to breed, depending on the pipeline. Due to the strong effect of breed on transcriptome, the effect of the diet was separately evaluated in the two breeds. We identified 207 and 57 DEGs depending on diet in Iberian and Duroc pigs, respectively. A joint analysis of both effects allowed the detection of some breed–diet interactions on transcriptome, which were inferred from RNA-Seq and quantitative PCR data. The functional analysis showed the enrichment of functions related to growth and tissue development, inflammatory response, immune cell trafficking, and carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and allowed the identification of potential regulators. The results indicate different effects of diet on adipose tissue gene expression between breeds, affecting relevant biological pathways
Dietary Vitamin E and/or Hydroxytyrosol Supplementation to Sows during Late Pregnancy and Lactation Modifies the Lipid Composition of Colostrum and Milk
Modifying the composition of a sow’s milk could be a strategy to improve the intestinal health and growth of her piglet during the first weeks of life. This study evaluated how dietary supplementation of vitamin E (VE), hydroxytyrosol (HXT) or VE+HXT given to Iberian sows from late gestation affected the colostrum and milk composition, lipid stability and their relationship with the piglet’s oxidative status. Colostrum from VE-supplemented sows had greater C18:1n−7 than non-supplemented sows, whereas HXT increased polyunsaturated (∑PUFAs), ∑n−6 and ∑n−3 fatty acids. In 7-day milk, the main effects were induced by VE supplementation that decreased ∑PUFAs, ∑n−6 and ∑n−3 and increased the Δ-6-desaturase activity. The VE+HXT supplementation resulted in lower desaturase capacity in 20-day milk. Positive correlations were observed between the estimated mean milk energy output and the desaturation capacity of sows. The lowest concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in milk was observed in VE-supplemented groups, whereas HXT supplementation increased oxidation. Milk lipid oxidation was negatively correlated with the sow’s plasma oxidative status and to a great extent with the oxidative status of piglets after weaning. Maternal VE supplementation produced a more beneficial milk composition to improve the oxidative status of piglets, which could promote gut health and piglet growth during the first weeks, but more research is needed to clarify this.This research was funded by the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación (PID2019-108695RB-C32/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) co-funded by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER). H.D.L. and G.G. received grants from the Spanish Government (FPI National Program grant: PRE2020-092891) and IRIAF-Sánchez Romero Carvajal Jabugo, S.A., agreement, respectively.Peer reviewe
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