A Review of the Data-Information-Knowledge Chain from the Pragmatism of Peirce

The Data-Information-Knowledge (DIC) Chain, known as "Information Hierarchy" or "Knowledge Pyramid", is one of the most important models in Information Management and Knowledge Management. In general, the structure of the DIC Chain has been defined as an architecture in which each element stands on the next lower element; however there does not exit a consensus neither about the definition of its elements nor about the processes that transform an item from one level to the next level one. In this paper we review the DIC Chain through the most relevant definitions about its elements and its articulation in the literature, in order to synthesize the most common meanings. In addition, the elements of the DIC Chain are analyzed from the semiotics of Peirce; this approach allows us to clarify the meaning and identify differences, relationships and the roles that they play in the chain from the point of view of pragmatism. Finally we propose a definition of the DIC Chain supported by the Peirce’s triadic categories of signs and unlimited semiosis, along with the levels of the Stamper’s systems of signs and Zeleny's metaphors

Experiencias en la impartición a distancia de varias asignaturas del grado de Ingeniería Informática

[SPA] El presente trabajo reporta las experiencias obtenidas en la impartición de varias asignaturas del Grado de Ingeniería Informática en la Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, durante el curso 2010-2011. La principal contribución del trabajo está dada por la recomendación de un conjunto de actividades metodológicas utilizadas para la enseñanza a distancia, destacando las principales fortalezas. Se analiza de manera crítica algunas evidencias relacionadas con la evaluación del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje desde el punto de vista de los resultados obtenidos por los estudiantes, la labor del profesor, el uso de las herramientas, la efectividad de las metodologías utilizadas, entre otros.[ENG] This paper shows the most relevant experiencies collected form the teaching of sevelar subjects of the Computer Engineering Degree, at Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, during the curse 2010-2011. The main contribution of this work is related with the recomendation of a set of teaching learning activities using in on line teaching. The most importat strengths are reported. Some evidences related to the evaluaciotn of the teaching/learning process are given. They are based on the analysis of the results obtained by students, the teacher's work, the use of tools, the effectiveness of the methodologies used, etc.Campus Mare Nostrum, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Universidad de Murcia, Región de Murci

Genetic landscape of 6089 inherited retinal dystrophies affected cases in Spain and their therapeutic and extended epidemiological implications

ESRETNET Study Group, The ERDC Study Group, The Associated Clinical Study Group.Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs), defined by dysfunction or progressive loss of photoreceptors, are disorders characterized by elevated heterogeneity, both at the clinical and genetic levels. Our main goal was to address the genetic landscape of IRD in the largest cohort of Spanish patients reported to date. A retrospective hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out on 6089 IRD affected individuals (from 4403 unrelated families), referred for genetic testing from all the Spanish autonomous communities. Clinical, demographic and familiar data were collected from each patient, including family pedigree, age of appearance of visual symptoms, presence of any systemic findings and geographical origin. Genetic studies were performed to the 3951 families with available DNA using different molecular techniques. Overall, 53.2% (2100/3951) of the studied families were genetically characterized, and 1549 different likely causative variants in 142 genes were identified. The most common phenotype encountered is retinitis pigmentosa (RP) (55.6% of families, 2447/4403). The most recurrently mutated genes were PRPH2, ABCA4 and RS1 in autosomal dominant (AD), autosomal recessive (AR) and X-linked (XL) NON-RP cases, respectively; RHO, USH2A and RPGR in AD, AR and XL for non-syndromic RP; and USH2A and MYO7A in syndromic IRD. Pathogenic variants c.3386G > T (p.Arg1129Leu) in ABCA4 and c.2276G > T (p.Cys759Phe) in USH2A were the most frequent variants identified. Our study provides the general landscape for IRD in Spain, reporting the largest cohort ever presented. Our results have important implications for genetic diagnosis, counselling and new therapeutic strategies to both the Spanish population and other related populations.This work was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) of the Spanish Ministry of Health (FIS; PI16/00425 and PI19/00321), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER, 06/07/0036), IIS-FJD BioBank (PT13/0010/0012), Comunidad de Madrid (CAM, RAREGenomics Project, B2017/BMD-3721), European Regional Development Fund (FEDER), the Organización Nacional de Ciegos Españoles (ONCE), Fundación Ramón Areces, Fundación Conchita Rábago and the University Chair UAM-IIS-FJD of Genomic Medicine. Irene Perea-Romero is supported by a PhD fellowship from the predoctoral Program from ISCIII (FI17/00192). Ionut F. Iancu is supported by a grant from the Comunidad de Madrid (CAM, PEJ-2017-AI/BMD7256). Marta del Pozo-Valero is supported by a PhD grant from the Fundación Conchita Rábago. Berta Almoguera is supported by a Juan Rodes program from ISCIII (JR17/00020). Pablo Minguez is supported by a Miguel Servet program from ISCIII (CP16/00116). Marta Corton is supported by a Miguel Servet program from ISCIII (CPII17/00006)

A crowdsourcing database for the copy-number variation of the Spanish population

Background: Despite being a very common type of genetic variation, the distribution of copy-number variations (CNVs) in the population is still poorly understood. The knowledge of the genetic variability, especially at the level of the local population, is a critical factor for distinguishing pathogenic from non-pathogenic variation in the discovery of new disease variants. Results: Here, we present the SPAnish Copy Number Alterations Collaborative Server (SPACNACS), which currently contains copy number variation profiles obtained from more than 400 genomes and exomes of unrelated Spanish individuals. By means of a collaborative crowdsourcing effort whole genome and whole exome sequencing data, produced by local genomic projects and for other purposes, is continuously collected. Once checked both, the Spanish ancestry and the lack of kinship with other individuals in the SPACNACS, the CNVs are inferred for these sequences and they are used to populate the database. A web interface allows querying the database with different filters that include ICD10 upper categories. This allows discarding samples from the disease under study and obtaining pseudo-control CNV profiles from the local population. We also show here additional studies on the local impact of CNVs in some phenotypes and on pharmacogenomic variants. SPACNACS can be accessed at: http://csvs.clinbioinfosspa.es/spacnacs/. Conclusion: SPACNACS facilitates disease gene discovery by providing detailed information of the local variability of the population and exemplifies how to reuse genomic data produced for other purposes to build a local reference database

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Modelado de la planificación estratégica a nivel de conocimiento / Mª Belén López Ayuso; directores, Enrique Paniagua Arís, Fernando Martín Rubio.

Consulte la tesis en: BCA. GENERAL. ARCHIVO UNIVERSITARIO. T.M. 3573

A tool for monitoring lecturers’ interactions with Learning Management Systems

Learning Management Systems’ (LMS) interaction mechanisms are mainly focused on the improvement of students’ experiences and academic results. However, special attention should also be given to the interaction between these LMS and other actors involved in the educational process. This paper specifically targets the interaction of degree coordinators with LMS when monitoring lecturers’ performance, especially in an online mode. The methodology is guided by the following three objectives: (1) analysis of the limitations of monitoring lecturers in current LMS; (2) development of software program to overcome such limitations; and (3) empirical evaluation of the proposed program. The results show that this type of tool helps coordinators to intuitively and efficiently analyze the status of the subjects taught in their degree programs

A Review of the Data-Information-Knowledge Chain from the Pragmatism of Peirce

La Cadena Datos-Información-Conocimiento (DIC), denominada “Jerarquía de la Información” o “Pirámide del Conocimiento”, es uno de los modelos más importantes en la Gestión de la Información y la Gestión del Conocimiento. Por lo general, la estructuración de la cadena se ha ido definiendo como una arquitectura en la que cada elemento se levanta sobre el elemento inmediatamente inferior; sin embargo no existe un consenso en la definición de los elementos, ni acerca de los procesos que transforman un elemento de un nivel a uno del siguiente nivel. En este artículo se realiza una revisión de la Cadena Datos-Información-Conocimiento examinando las definiciones más relevantes sobre sus elementos y sobre su articulación en la literatura, para sintetizar las acepciones más comunes. Se analizan los elementos de la Cadena DIC desde la semiótica de Peirce; enfoque que nos permite aclarar los significados e identificar las diferencias, las relaciones y los roles que desempeñan en la cadena desde el punto de vista del pragmatismo. Finalmente se propone una definición de la Cadena DIC apoyada en las categorías triádicas de signos y la semiosis ilimitada de Peirce, los niveles de sistemas de signos de Stamper y las metáforas de Zeleny.The Data-Information-Knowledge (DIC) Chain, known as "Information Hierarchy" or "Knowledge Pyramid", is one of the most important models in Information Management and Knowledge Management. In general, the structure of the DIC Chain has been defined as an architecture in which each element stands on the next lower element; however there does not exit a consensus neither about the definition of its elements nor about the processes that transform an item from one level to the next level one. In this paper we review the DIC Chain through the most relevant definitions about its elements and its articulation in the literature, in order to synthesize the most common meanings. In addition, the elements of the DIC Chain are analyzed from the semiotics of Peirce; this approach allows us to clarify the meaning and identify differences, relationships and the roles that they play in the chain from the point of view of pragmatism. Finally we propose a definition of the DIC Chain supported by the Peirce’s triadic categories of signs and unlimited semiosis, along with the levels of the Stamper’s systems of signs and Zeleny's metaphors

Hablando inglés en el aula

El proyecto pretende aumentar el uso del inglés oral en el aula. Los objetivos son facilitar el aprendizaje de idiomas de forma práctica, incrementando el interés de los alumnos; conocer otras culturas; desarrollar las habilidades sociales; favorecer la práctica del nuevo idioma a los alumnos con dificultades en la escritura; acostumbrar al oído a la fonética del nuevo idioma; manejar las nuevas tecnologías; perder el miedo a expresarse en otro idioma; y aumentar el vocabulario. En cuanto a la metodología, se practica el inglés oral durante 20 minutos al día en el aula. Se utilizan las nuevas tecnologías para afianzar los conocimientos y la capacidad de comunicación, mediante materiales audiovisuales y a través del correo electrónico con alumnos de otros colegios. Se realizan actividades, como visionado de películas en inglés con posterior debate; escuchar cuentos en inglés y elaborar diálogos; dramatizaciones de historias, cuentos y canciones; juegos de mesa; flashcards; aprender canciones; y correspondencia electrónica en inglés con otros colegios. En cuanto a la evaluación, se valora la fluidez del diálogo, la comprensión de las frases, la adquisición de vocabulario y estructuras sencillas, los avances en la pérdida del miedo a hablar en público y en el respeto a los compañeros, y la utilización de las nuevas tecnologías. Se elaboran materiales, como juegos de mesa y recortables. Se incluyen como anexos materiales y trabajos realizados por alumnos.Madrid (Comunidad Autónoma). Consejería de EducaciónMadridMadrid (Comunidad Autónoma). Subdirección General de Formación del Profesorado. CRIF Las Acacias; General Ricardos 179 - 28025 Madrid; Tel. + 34915250893ES