Offshore Aquaculture Development in Ecuador

Ecuador has a long tradition in aquaculture, mainly related to the cultivation of shrimp and tilapia in earthen ponds. Land-based production methods have a large environmental, economic and social impact due to the extensive use of land and its effects on the ecosystems. In order to increase the production of fish without further land use and with a lower environmental impact, a good alternative is the culture of fish in floating cages, adopting technologies used successfully in many other countries. This article analyses the current situation of offshore aquaculture (the production of fish and other aquatic organisms in the open sea) in Ecuador, and the prospects for the future of this sector in the country

La supervisión del superior jeráquico en la Policía Mexicana

This article analyzes the possibilities that the police hierarchical superior has to supervise and punish the misconduct of his subordinates in charge. It is argued that the existence of an environment of constant changes of chain of command holders favors both the taking of the police institution by legal and illegal actors, and the emergence of a state of uncertainty about how the chain of command will be shaped in each change of police chief, which favors in the hierarchical superiors attitudes and dispositions of tolerance towards the bad conduct of their subordinates. Este artículo analiza las posibilidades que tiene el superior jerárquico policial de supervisar y sancionar la mala conducta de sus subordinados a cargo. Se argumenta que la existencia de un entorno de constante cambios de titulares de la cadena de mando favorece tanto la toma de la institución policial por actores legales e ilegales, como la emergencia de un estado de incertidumbre sobre cómo quedará conformada la cadena de mando en cada cambio de jefe policial, lo que favorece en los superiores jerárquicos actitudes y disposiciones de tolerancia hacia la mala conducta de sus subordinados.

Viabilidad del control material a la acusación en vigencia de la ley 906 de 2004

A través de la presente investigación se abordó el problema referido a la viabilidad jurídica del control material a la formulación de la acusación en el proceso penal colombiano, teniendo en cuenta que es uno de los problemas que mayores dificultades y debates ocasionó la entrada en vigencia de la ley 906 de 2004, se realizó un recorrido jurisprudencial sobre tal contenido. Logrando demostrar que, si bien la jurisprudencia de la sala penal de la corte suprema de justicia aún no ha admitido su implementación dentro de la construcción de su doctrina probable, si se han visto algunos pronunciamientos que pueden indicar que este criterio va en tal dirección

FACTORES QUE AFECTAN LA ATRACCIÓN DE PROROPS NASUTA WATERSTON (HYMENOPTERA: BATHYLIDAE) A LOS OLORES EMITIDOS POR LOS DESECHOS DE SU HUÉSPED, LA BROCA DEL CAFÉ

The parasitoid Prorops nasuta Waterston (Hymenoptera: Bathylidae) is a wasp that feeds upon and parasitizes the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), which is the most important pest of coffee (Coffea spp.) in the world. Previous studies have shown that P. nasuta females are attracted to the odors emitted by dust/frass of H. hampei. In this study, the effect of age, feeding status, sex and previous experience of P. nasuta on female attraction to the dust/frass odors was investigated in the laboratory using a Y-tube olfactometer. Females without food and those fed with a solution of honey-water (1: 1) significantly preferred dust/frass odors over clean air. In contrast, females fed with H. hampei immature stages did not show any preference for dust/frass odors or clean air. Female age did not influence the attraction of P. nasuta to dust/frass odors. P. nasuta males were not attracted to dust/frass odors. Both naïve and experienced females were similarly attracted to dust/frass odors, suggesting that the response of P. nasuta to dust/frass odors is innate.Prorops nasuta Waterston (Hymenoptera: Bathylidae) es un ectoparásito que se alimenta de todos los estados inmaduros de la broca del café, Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scotylinae) y que se reproduce depositando sus huevecillos en la parte ventral de las larvas maduras y pupas de su huésped. Estudios previos han demostrado que este parasitoide es atraído a los olores provenientes de los desechos alimenticios y fecales de su huésped. Este estudio investigó el efecto de algunos factores tales como edad, alimentación, sexo y experiencia de oviposición en la respuesta del parasitoide P. nasuta a los olores provenientes de los desechos de su huésped. Los bioensayos se realizaron en un olfactómetro tipo Y. Los resultados muestran que las hembras de P. nasuta sin alimentar y alimentadas con miel-agua prefirieron significativamente los olores provenientes de los desechos que al control. En contraste, las hembras alimentadas con inmaduros no mostraron ninguna preferencia por los olores de los desechos o por el control. Los resultados muestran que la edad de las hembras no influyó en su respuesta a los olores de los desechos de su huésped. Los machos de P. nasuta no fueron atraídos a los olores provenientes de los desechos. La previa experiencia de las hembras no influyó en su respuesta a los olores de los desechos

Simultaneous adsorption of quinoline and dibenzothiophene over Ni-based mesoporous materials at different Si/Al ratio

In this study, two mesoporous materials such as MCM-41 and Ni/MCM-41 were modified with Al at different Si/Al ratios. The mesoporous materials were proved as sorbents of heterocyclic nitrogen and sulfur compounds employing quinoline (Q) and dibenzothiophene (DBT), respectively, as model molecules of that precursor pollutants at the same concentrations of ppmw of nitrogen and sulfur (N:S = 1 ratio). The sample with the highest Si/Al ratio showed the highest specific surface, and at low Si/Al decreased the specific surface. With X-ray diffraction (XRD) the Ni containing in MCM-41, there is a clear trend and the highly hexagonal ordered sample is the one without Al and once the Al is added, the hexagonal ordering is highly modified. Employing NH3-TPD and NMR revealed that the samples with Si/Al = 5 and 16 have higher Lewis acid sites than another ratio of Si/Al. The modification successfully added small amounts of Ni that did not collapse the pore structure but increased the density of surface (acidic) groups that in turn favored the uptake of the sulfur compound through π-complexation adsorption mechanism. It is also possible to recognize that the samples with a Si/Al ratio of 5 and 16 revealed the presence of the highest surface density of weak acid sites for both sorbents. Adsorption experiments were carried out in a batch adsorption system at 313 K and atmospheric pressure using a model mixture from diesel containing: DBT, Q, and 40 ml of dodecane. The sulfur adsorption was substantially improved when Ni was incorporated to MCM-41; for example, at 250 ppmw of N uptake of DBT was almost twice than MCM-41 alone. This result would indicate that Ni/MCM-41 could remove both molecules but mainly the nitrogen molecule at high concentrations. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were used for all materials considering Q in the presence of DBT depending on the Si/Al ratio. This behavior did not happen for the DBT whose behavior was modelled by an isotherm of the Freundlich type for Ni/MCM-41 and adsorbed in acid sites and multilayer. Lastly, experimental results indicated that MCM-41 with Si/Al = ∞ has the highest (Q/DBT) selectivity of 13,390 at 50 ppmw N compared to another Si/Al ratio, for example, at 250 ppmw N

Selective adsorption of nitrogen compounds using silica-based mesoporous materials as a pretreatment for deep hydrodesulfurization

The adsorption of quinoline (Q) and dibenzothiophene (DBT)—model compounds for nitrogen and sulfur in diesel fuels—over mesoporous SBA-15, SBA-16, and MCM-41 was studied. The Langmuir model was suitable for describing the adsorption of nitrogen-containing compounds from a simulated diesel fuel. A pseudo-second order kinetic model better fitted the Q adsorption data than a first-order rate model when describing the adsorption rates on all materials. Comparison of the adsorption of Q and DBT confirmed that the nitrogen compound was selectively removed, and MCM-41 was found to have better adsorption characteristics than SBA-15 and SBA-16. DBT was not adsorbed in any experiment. The adsorbents were characterized using N2-physisorption, powder X-ray diffraction, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy to describe the morphologies of the adsorbents. The characterization results revealed that the specific area and the structure of the adsorbent are key parameters required to explain the adsorption process

Compra impulsiva en el homosexual masculino en la ciudad de barranquilla (colombia): un estudio descriptivo

This study is based on studies conducted by Luna-Aroca in Spain and Denegri in Chile, through the application of the consumption scale by Luna Aroca (2000) to describe the characteristics of impulsive buying behavior of gay men in Barranquilla (Colombia). Results show the presence of impulsive buying behavior of gay men in Barranquilla centered to exclusivity, fashion search and an hedonic relationship between products and purchase. The self areas which are more related to buying impulsive behavior concern economics, beauty and physical condition (weight).Esta investigación se basa en estudios realizados por Luna-Aroca en España y Denegri en Chile, mediante la aplicación de la escala de consumo de Luna-Aroca (2000), para describir las características de compra impulsiva del homosexual masculino en Barranquilla, Colombia. Los resultados indican que la compra impulsiva en los homosexuales masculinos en Barranquilla (Colombia) se centra en la búsqueda de novedad, exclusividad y la relación hedónica entre el producto y la compra. Las áreas del self que más se relacionan con la compra impulsiva son la económica, la física (peso) y la belleza

Effect of Ni on MCM-41 in the Adsorption of Nitrogen and Sulfur Compounds to Obtain Ultra-Low-Sulfur Diesel

Adsorption of heterocyclic sulfur and nitrogen compounds like dibenzothiophene (DBT) and quinoline (Q), respectively, was carried out using mesostructured adsorbent MCM-41 and Ni/MCM-41 in calcined (C) and reduced (R) form. These materials were proved in a batch adsorption system using a model fuel diesel: a mixture of dodecane, DBT and Q with the same concentrations of ppmw of sulfur and nitrogen at 313 K and atmospheric pressure. When MCM-41 was impregnated with Ni, an important modification of the adsorption properties was observed, for example, the uptake of DBT was increased and this adsorption was twice in Ni/MCM-41 in reduce form than in the calcined form. On the other hand, for the nitrogen adsorption of Q diminished by 62 and 58%, considering Ni/MCM-41 in reduce form and in calcined form as adsorbent, respectively. This is a significant achievement regarding the desulfurization and denitrogenation, especially for commercial diesel without pretreatment. Moreover, the kinetic results were adjusted with second order considering Q as nitrogen and DBT as sulfur molecule. Data fitting for Q was achieved better by the Langmuir model for all materials than the Freundlich model, meanwhile the experimental adsorption data of DBT was fitted to the Freundlich model for Ni/MCM-41 calcinated and reduced form

Ejercicio profesional del diseño industrial 2 : un acercamiento al análisis de algunas de las especialidades más dinámicas en México

1 archivo PDF (153 páginas)Con este segundo tomo de este título, renace el espíritu de un proyecto académico del Grupo de Investigación DeiGmas que busca promover el diálogo entre la comunidad del diseño, en torno a la construcción de conceptos disciplinarios propios. El valor esencial de la presente publicación radica en que ofrece a los lectores una conjunción de ideas de profesionales experimentados en diversas especialidades del diseño industrial, sustentadas en su experiencia concreta del quehacer cotidiano en organizaciones nacionales de distinta índole