1-(4-Chloro­phen­yl)-3-(2-meth­oxy­anilino)propan-1-one

In the title compound, C16H16ClNO2, the mol­ecule adopts a bowed conformation, with a dihedral angle of 39.9 (2)° between the aromatic rings. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, generating C(6) chains propagating in [010]. Very weak aromatic π–π stacking is also observed [centroid–centroid distance = 4.040 (2) Å]

8-Methoxy-4-(4-Methoxyphenyl)Quinoline

In the title compound, C 17H 15NO 2, the dihedral angle between the quinoline and benzene ring systems is 62.17 (1)°. In the crystal, zigzag chains propagating in c are linked by C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, and weak C-H⋯π inter-actions link the chains

8-Meth­oxy-4-(4-methoxy­phen­yl)quinoline

In the title compound, C17H15NO2, the dihedral angle between the quinoline and benzene ring systems is 62.17 (1)°. In the crystal, zigzag chains propagating in c are linked by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, and weak C—H⋯π inter­actions link the chains

ALMIDONES HIDRÓFOBOS

Polymers of natural origin such as starch have been seen by many authors as an attractive and viable alternative as substitutes for some synthetic polymers, since they and their derivatives are not very harmful to the environment and their use could reduce the pollution produced by polymers petroleum derivatives. However, due to its hydrophilic nature, its properties are compromised by the degree of humidity in the environment, which constitutes a very important limitation when developing products derived from it. It is for this reason that different chemical modification methods have been developed in order to convert it into a hydrophobic material, which makes it easier not only to obtain products resistant to humidity, but also to hydrolytic degradation. This, in addition, allows the obtaining of materials that are easier to mold and friendly to the environment and, therefore, useful for the manufacture of utensils. In this review, many of the advances obtained in the different routes of chemical modification directed towards the synthesis of hydrophobic starches are presented, especially the obtaining of etherified and esterified starches, emphasizing especially the influence of the means of synthesis and the conditions of reaction.Polímeros de origen natural como el almidón han sido vistos por muchos autores como una alternativa atractiva y viable como sustitutos de algunos polímeros sintéticos, ya que ellos y sus derivados resultan ser poco nocivos para el medio ambiente y su uso podría reducir la contaminación producida por polímeros derivados del petróleo. Sin embargo, debido a su carácter hidrófilo sus propiedades se ven comprometidas con el grado de humedad del ambiente, lo cual constituye una limitación muy importante a la hora de desarrollar productos derivados del mismo. Es por esta razón que se han desarrollado diferentes métodos de modificación química con la finalidad de convertirlo en un material hidrófobo, lo que facilita no solo obtener productos resistentes a la humedad, sino también a la degradación hidrolítica. Esto, además, permite la obtención de materiales más fáciles de moldear y amigables con el medio ambiente y, por lo tanto, útiles para la fabricación de utensilios. En esta revisión se presentan muchos de los avances obtenidos en las diferentes vías de modificación química dirigidas hacia la síntesis de almidones hidrófobos, en especial la obtención de almidones eterificados y esterificados, haciendo énfasis especialmente en la influencia de los medios de síntesis y las condiciones de reacción

Synthesis of 3-amino-2-ethoxycarbonyl pyrido[1,2-a]thieno-[2,3-d]-4-pyrimidone derivatives and their antimalarial and cytotoxic activities in vitro

A series of 3-amino-2-ethoxycarbonyl pyrido[1,2-a]thieno[2,3-d]-4-pyrimidone 10-13 were prepared in order to investigate their cytotoxicity and antimalarial activities. Some of the them showed a promising activity. The detailed synthesis, spectroscopic, computational and biological data are described.Fil: Charris, Jaime. Universidad Central de Venezuela; VenezuelaFil: Domínguez, José. Universidad Central de Venezuela; VenezuelaFil: Cordero, Mary. Universidad Central de Venezuela; VenezuelaFil: Orfila, Luz. Universidad Central de Venezuela; VenezuelaFil: Riggione, Flavia. Universidad Central de Venezuela; VenezuelaFil: López, Simón E.. Universidad Simon Bolivar. Departamento de Quimica.; VenezuelaFil: Enriz, Ricardo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis; ArgentinaFil: Suviere, Fernando. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico- Matemáticas y Naturales; Argentin

Unified Ontology for a Holonic Manufacturing System

[ES] Los sistemas holónicos de manufactura son integrados por holones capaces de comportarse de una manera autónoma, cooperativa, auto-organizada y reconfigurable para adoptar estructuras distintas en condiciones de operación normales y de emergencia. Dichos holones cuentan con: (1) una representación del conocimiento, (2) una unidad de control distribuido y descentralizado, y (3) un módulo de coordinación. El objeto de interés de la presente investigación es la concepción de una ontología unificada en el dominio de manufactura, que garantice los requisitos en el formalismo del modelo de conocimiento de un sistema holónico. A diferencia de los modelos ontológicos encontrados en la literatura, el esquema de representación del conocimiento propuesto integra roles y comportamientos, mismos que son validados mediante un caso de estudio de una celda de manufactura de un laboratorio universitario. Los resultados muestran que al hacer uso de un vocabulario común, es posible representar coherentemente el conocimiento para que toda clase de holones en una holarquía puedan intercambiar, compartir y recuperar información.[EN] Holonic manufacturing systems are formed by holons that are capable of behaving in an autonomous, cooperative, selforganized and reconfigurable way to adopt dierent structures under normal and emergency operating conditions. These holons possess: (1) a representation of the world in which they live, (2) a distributed and decentralized control unit, and (3) a coordination module. The object of interest of the present research is the conception of a unified ontology in manufacturing domain, that guarantees the requirements in the formalism of the knowledge model of a holonic system. Unlike the ontological models found in the literature, the proposed knowledge representation scheme integrates roles and behaviors, which are validated through a case study of a manufacturing cell from a university laboratory. The results show that by using a common vocabulary, it is possible to represent knowledge coherently so that all kinds of holons in a holarchy can exchange, share and retrieve information. Simón-Marmolejo, I.; López-Ortega, O.; Ramos-Velasco, LE.; Ortiz-Domínguez, M. (2018). Ontología Unificada para un Sistema Holónico de Manufactura. Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática industrial. 15(2):217-230. https://doi.org/10.4995/riai.2017.8851OJS217230152Araúzoa, J. A., del Olmo-Martínez, R., Laviós, J. J., de Benito-Martín, J. J., 2015. Programación y control de sistemas de fabricación flexibles: un enfoque holónico. RIAI - Revista iberoamericana de automática e informática industrial 12 (1), 58-68, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riai.2014.11.005Barbosa, J., Leitao, P., Adam, E., Trentesaux, D., 2015. Dynamic selforganization in holonic multi-agent manufacturing systems: The ADACOR evolution. Computers in industry 66, 99-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2014.10.011Bellifemine, F., Caire, G., Greenwood, D., 2004. Developing multi-agent systems with JADE. Wiley Series in Agent Technology, Series Editor: Wooldridge, M., Liverpool University, UK.Blanc, P., Demongodin, I., Castagna, P., 2008. A holonic approach for manufacturing execution system design: An industrial application. Engineering applications of artificial intelligence 21 (3), 315-330, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2008.01.007Borgo, S., Leitao, P., 2007. Foundations for a core ontology of manufacturing. In: Sharma, R., Kishore, R., Ramesh, R. (Eds.), Ontologies, A Handbook of principles, concepts and aplications in information systems. Springer Science +Business Media, NY, USA, Ch. 27, pp. 751-775, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-37022-4Botti, V., Giret, A., 2008. ANEMONA, A multi-agent methodology for holonic manufacturing systems. Springer: Departamento de sistemas informáticos y computación (DSIC), Valencia, Spain, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-310-1Bravo, C., Aguilar-Castro, J., Ríos, A., Aguilar-Martin, J., Rivas, F., 2011. Arquitectura basada en inteligencia artificial distribuida para la gerencia integrada de producción industrial. RIAI - Revista iberoamericana de automática e informática industrial 8 (4), 405-417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riai.2011.09.013Brussel, H. V.,Wyns, J., Valckenaers, P., Bongaerts, L., Peeters, P., 1998. Reference architecture for holonic manufacturing systems: PROSA. Computers in industry 37 (3), 255-274, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-3615(98)00102-XCaire, G., Cabanillas, D., April 2010. JADE TUTORIAL, application-defined content languages and ontologies. Support provided by JADE, Italia S.p.A, 9th Edition. URL: http://jade.tilab.com/doc/tutorials/CLOntoSupport.pdfCheca, D., Rojas, O., 2014. Ontología para los sistemas holónicos de manufactura basados en la unidad de producción. Revista colombiana de tecnologías de avanzada 1 (23), 134-141. URL: http://www.academia.edu/8676921/ONTOLOÍA_PARA_LOS_SISTEMAS_HOLÓNICOS_DE_MANUFACTURA_BASADOS_EN_LA_UNIDAD_DE_PRODUCCIÓNChristensen, J. H., December 1994. Holonic manufacturing systems: Initial architecture and standards directions. In: At first European Conference on Holonic Manufacturing Systems. Hannover, Germany, pp. 1-20. URL: http://holobloc.com/papers/hannover.pdfCorcho, O., Fernández-López, M., Gómez-Pérez, A., 2003. Methodologies, tools and languages for building ontologies. Where is their meeting point? Data & Knowledge Engineering 46 (1), 41-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-023X(02)00195-7Correa da Silva, F. S., Vasconcelos, W. W., Robertson, D. S., Brilhante, V., de Melo, A. C. V., M., F., Agustí, J., 2002. On the insufficiency of ontologies: problems in knowledge sharing and alternative solution. Knowledge-Base Systems 15 (3), 147-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-7051(01)00152-6de las Morenas, J., García, A., Martínez, F., P., G., 2015. Implementación del control en planta de un centro de distribución automatizado mediante agentes físicos y RFID. RIAI - Revista iberoamericana de automática e informática industrial 12 (1), 25-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riai.2014.11.002Fernández, M., Gómez-Pérez, A., Uristo, N., 1997. Methontology: From ontological art towards ontological engineering. AAAI Technical Report, 33-40. URL: http://oa.upm.es/5484/Giraldo, G., Arboleda, A., Zapata, G., 2013. Enfoque ontológico para detectar conceptos holónicos en las organizaciones. Revista facultad de ingeniería Universidad de Antioquia 69, 53-66. URL: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=43029812004Gómez-Pérez, A., Fernández, M., Vicente, A. d., August 1996. Towards a method to conceptualize domain ontologies. In: At 12th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Budapest, Rumania, pp. 41-51. URL: http://oa.upm.es/7228/Indriago, C., Cardin, O., Rakoto, N., Castagna, P., Chac'on, E., 2016. H2CM: A holonic architecture for flexible hybrid control systems. Computers in industry 77, 15-28, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2015.12.005ISO, 1997. ISO 10303 - Industrial Automation Systems and Integration - Product data representation and exchange - Part 1: Overview and fundamental principles. ISO - International Standards Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. URL: https://www.iso.org/standard/20579.htmlISO, 1998. ISO 15531 - Industrial Automation Systems and Integration - Industrial Manufacturing Management Data - Part 1: General overview. ISO - International Standards Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. URL: http://hsevi.ir/RI Standard/View/2880ISO, 1999. ISO 13584 - Industrial Automation Systems and Integration - Parts Library - Part 1: Overview and Fundamental Principles. ISO - International Standards Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. URL: https://www.iso.org/standard/25103.htmlJules, G., Saadat, M., Saeidlou, S., 2015. Holonic ontology and interaction protocol for manufacturing network organization. IEEE Transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics: systems 45 (5), 819-830, https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.2014.2387099Koestler, A., 1990. The ghost in the machine. Arkana. Koppensteiner, G., Grabler, R., Miller, D., Merdan, M., 2015. Virtual enterprises based on multiagent systems. In: Leitao, P., Karnouskos, S. (Eds.), Industrial agents: Emerging application of software agents in industry. Elsevier Inc., MA, USA, Ch. 7, pp. 121-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800341-1.00007-3Leitao, P., Restivo, F., 2006. ADACOR: a holonic architecture for agile and adaptive manufacturing control. Computers in industry 57 (2), 121-130, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2005.05.005Leitao, P., Restivo, F., 2008. Implementation of a holonic control system in a flexible manufacturing system. IEEE systems, man, and cybernetics society 38 (5), 699-709, https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMCC.2008.923881Lemaignan, S., Siadat, A., Dantan, J. Y., Semenenko, A., June 2006. MASON: A proposal for an ontology of manufacturing domain. In: At IEEEWorkshop on Distributed Intelligent Systems: Collective Intelligence and Its Applications. pp. 195-200, https://doi.org/10.1109/DIS.2006.48López-Ortega, O., Ramírez-Hernández, M., 2007. A formal framework to integrate express data models in an extended enterprise context. Intelligent manufacturing 18, 371-381, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10845-007-0035-7Luther, M., 2008. Ontologies. In: Berndt, H. (Ed.), Towards 4G Technologies. Services with Initiative. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Chippenham, England, Ch. 7, pp. 141-164, https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470010334Noy, N. F., McGuinness, D., March 2001. Ontology development 101: A guide to creating your first ontology. [online] Knowledge Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, EE. UU. URL: http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/people/dlm/papers/ontology-tutorial-noy-mcguinness-abstract.htmlOunnar, F., Pujo, P., 2012. Pull control for job shop: holonic manufacturing system approach using multicriteria decision-making. Intelligent manufacturing 23 (1), 141-153, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10845-009-0288-4Raileanu, S., Borangiu, T., Radulescu, S., 2014. Towards an ontology for distributed manufacturing control. In: Borangiu, T., Trentesaux, D., Thomas, A. (Eds.), Service Orientation in Holonic and Multi-Agent Manufacturing and Robotics. Vol. 544 of Studies in Computational Intelligence. Springer International Publishing, Ch. Part II, pp. 97-109, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04735-5Shen, W., Norrie, D. H., Barthès, A., 2001. Multi-agent systems for concurrent intelligent design and manufacturing. Taylor & Francis Group, NY, USA, Ch. 11, pp. 215-227. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203305607Tarun, K. J., Bipradas, B., Soumen, P., Bijan, S., Jyotirmoy, S., 2013. Dynamic schedule execution in an agent based holonic manufacturing system. Manufacturing systems 32 (4), 801-816, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2013.07.004Unland, R., 2015. Industrial agents. In: Leitao, P., Karnouskos, S. (Eds.), Industrial agents: Emerging application of software agents in industry. Elsevier Inc., Amsterdam, Netherlands, Ch. 2, pp. 23-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800341-1.00002-4Uschold, M., Gruninger, M., 1996. 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Autonomous underwater gliders monitoring variability at "choke points" in our ocean system: a case study in Western Mediterranean Sea

Publicado

The recent neophyte Opuntia aurantiaca Lindl.: distribution and potential invasion in Spain

Trabajo presentado en el XVI Optima Meeting (Organization for the Phyto-Taxonomic Investigation of the Mediterranean Area), celebrado en Atenas (Grecia), del 2 al 5 de octubre de 2019The Cactaceae, and especially its most emblematic genus, Opuntia, have become one of the groups of plants with greater invasion potential in Spain. In fact, this area is considered one of the three global hotspots of invasion of cacti, together with South Africa and Australia. In our country, one of the most recently detected species is Opuntia aurantiaca Lindl, a small cactus with an enormous capacity of dispersion by means of cladodes and (sterile) fruits, which are easily detached and adhere to animals, clothes, and footwear. Probably native to the Southern Cone (Argentina and Uruguay), it behaves as a very aggressive invader in Australia and South Africa. In Europe, it only occurs on the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula (Catalonia and Valencian Community). In this study, the geographic range of the species is updated at the peninsular level. Firstly detected at the beginning of the last decade in Navajas (Castellón), it has been subsequently observed in other places of the province of Castellón, but also in Valencia, Tarragona and Barcelona. With all occurrence data, its potential distribution is estimated using the algorithm of maximum entropy implemented in the program MaxEnt. Distribution models are built for the current climatic conditions as well as for different scenarios of global warming. Due to its possible invasive nature, it is necessary to eradicate the existing populations at this initial stage. Legislation should consider the prohibition of trade and transport of this plant to avoid new introductions