La administración como herramienta clave. Estudio de caso en la gestión empresarial en Tingo María

Objective. Objective. To design a proposal regarding administration as a management tool in the Minimarket Minisol company. Methods. The research approach was qualitative, while the level was descriptive. Interviews were applied to the owner and collaborators of the company, who formed the unit of analysis of the study. Results. Planning is the first element of the administrative process in order to diagnose a company and propose future strategies and operational tactics that are sustainable over time. The organization is the second element of the administrative process that orients the company towards the organizational design; thus, a matrix organizational model was designed, with greater depth in the new needs of the company and the organization chart that, according to the ergonometric taxonomy, is matrix by its figure. Also, an organization chart of the external and internal process was designed. Finally, the results of the fourth element of the proposal, the application of control through the balanced scorecard, where the perspectives, objectives, strategies and indicators of balanced and focused management were identified. Conclusions. A proposal of the administration tool for the development of the Minimarket Minisol company in the city of Tingo Maria is presented, which has allowed it to improve its business activities in order to show a competitive advantage with the companies in its environment.Objetivo. Diseñar una propuesta a propósito de la administración como herramienta de gestión en la empresa Minimarket Minisol. Métodos. El enfoque de investigación fue cualitativo, mientras que el nivel fue descriptivo. Fueron aplicadas entrevistas al dueño y colaboradores que conforman la empresa, quienes conformaron la unidad de análisis del estudio. Resultados. La planeación es el primer elemento del proceso administrativo a fin de diagnosticar una empresa y proponer, a futuro, estrategias, tácticas operacionales sostenibles en el tiempo. La organización es el segundo elemento del proceso administrativo que orienta a la empresa hacia el diseño organizacional; así, se diseñó un modelo organizacional matricial, con mayor profundidad en las nuevas necesidades de la empresa y el organigrama que, según la taxonomía ergonométrica, es matricial por su figura. También, se diseñó un organigrama del proceso externo e interno. Referente a la dirección, el tercer elemento del proceso administrativo, fueron identificadas las principales competencias de acuerdo al manual de puesto. Finalmente, los resultados del cuarto elemento de la propuesta, la aplicación del control a través del balanced scorecard, donde se identificaron las perspectivas, los objetivos, las estrategias y los indicadores de gestión balanceada y enfocada. Conclusiones. Se presenta una propuesta de la herramienta de administración para el desarrollo de la empresa Minimarket Minisol en la ciudad de Tingo María, que ha permitido mejorar sus actividades empresariales para así mostrar una ventaja competitiva con las empresas de su entorno

Arsenic and Selenium Capture by Fly Ashes at Low Temperature

Arsenic and selenium compounds may be emitted to the environment during coal conversion processes, although some compounds are retained in the fly ashes, in different proportions depending on the characteristics of the ashes and process conditions. The possibility of optimizing the conditions to achieve better trace element retention appears to be an attractive, economical option for reducing toxic emissions. This approach requires a good knowledge of fly ash characteristics and a thorough understanding of the capture mechanism involved in the retention. In this work the ability of two fly ashes, one produced in pulverized coal combustion and the other in fluidized bed combustion, to retain arsenic and selenium compounds from the gas phase in coal combustion and coal gasification atmospheres was investigated. To explore the possible simultaneous retention of mercury, the influence of the unburned coal particle content was also evaluated. Retention capacities between 2 and 22 mg g-1 were obtained under different conditions. The unburned coal particle content in the fly ash samples does not significantly modify retention capacities.The results of this work were obtained as part of the project PPQ2001-2359-C02-02 dealing on mercury capture.Peer reviewe

Enrichment of thallium in fly ashes in a Spanish circulating fluidized-bed combustion plant

This work evaluates the behavior of thallium in a 50 MW industrial circulating fluidized-bed combustion plant (CFBC), focusing on the distribution of this element among the bottom and fly ashes separated by the solid retention devices in the plant. The results show that thallium species are mainly retained in the solid by-products and are not emitted to air with flue gases in significant amounts, proving that this technology is a more effective means of preventing thallium emissions than pulverized coal combustion technology (PCC). The mass balance of the thallium content in the solids shows that this element was retained in the ashes separated by the different devices installed in the plant. An evaluation of the ash fractions taken from the strippers, the heat recovery area, the hoppers in the air heater and the electrostatic precipitator, shows that thallium was relatively homogeneously distributed in all the ash samples, independently of their composition, but is slightly related to surface area, which in turn is dependent on particle size and unburned carbon content.The authors acknowledge the collaboration of HUNOSA (Hulleras del Norte S.A.) and the staff of La Pereda Power Plant for their assistance in taking the samples.Peer reviewe

Intermediate inflation and the slow-roll approximation

It is shown that spatially homogeneous solutions of the Einstein equations coupled to a nonlinear scalar field and other matter exhibit accelerated expansion at late times for a wide variety of potentials $V$. These potentials are strictly positive but tend to zero at infinity. They satisfy restrictions on $V'/V$ and $V''/V'$ related to the slow-roll approximation. These results generalize Wald's theorem for spacetimes with positive cosmological constant to those with accelerated expansion driven by potentials belonging to a large class.Comment: 19 pages, results unchanged, additional backgroun

Análisis de la gestión administrativa en la Unidad de Gestión Educativa Local N.° 302, Leoncio Prado

Objective: To analyze the administrative management in the Local Educational Management Unit N.° 302, Leoncio Prado. Methods. The research approach was quantitative, while the level was descriptive. A survey was applied to the principals (primary and secondary) that make up the educational staff of the province of Leoncio Prado, who formed the unit of analysis of the study. Results. In the analysis of administrative management, the results were 42.0 % or "regular". Planning yielded results of 46.1 % or "fair". Also, organization yielded results of 47.7 % or "fair". The results for management were 47.2 % or "fair". Finally, the results for control were 47.2 % or "fair". Conclusions. The analysis of the administrative management of the institution was predominantly regular, being the dimensions: planning, organization, direction and control, the ones that presented the greatest deficiencies in the management of the Local Educational Management Unit N.° 302, Leoncio Prado.Objetivo. Analizar la gestión administrativa en la Unidad de Gestión Educativa Local N.° 302, Leoncio Prado. Métodos. El enfoque de investigación fue cuantitativo, mientras que el nivel fue descriptivo. Se aplicó una encuesta a los directores (primaria y secundaria) que conforman el personal educativo de la provincia de Leoncio Prado, quienes formarón la unidad de análisis del estudio. Resultados. En análsiis de la gestión administrativa arrojó resultados del 42,0 % o “regular”. Por su parte, la planeación arrojó resultados del 46,1 % o “regular”. También, la organización arrojó resultados del 47,7 % o “regular”. Referente a la dirección esta arrojó resultados del 47,2 % o “regular”. Finalmente, los resultados del control fueron del 47,2 % o “regular”. Conclusiones. El analisis de la gestión administra de la insttución fue predominantemente regular, siendo las dimensiones: planeación, organización, dirección y control, las que presentaron mayores deficiencias en la gestión de la Unidad de Gestión Educativa Local N.° 302, Leoncio Prado

Localization and Composition of Fructans in Stem and Rhizome of Agave tequilana Weber var. azul

Methodology combining mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) with ion mobility separation (IMS) has emerged as a biological imaging technique due to its versatility, sensitivity and label-free approach. This technique has been shown to separate isomeric compounds such as lipids, amino acids, carboxylic acids and carbohydrates. This report describes mass spectrometry imaging in combination with traveling-wave ion mobility separation and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). Positive ionization mode was used to locate fructans on tissue printed sections of Agave rhizome and stem tissue and distinguished fructan isoforms. Here we show the location of fructans ranging from DP3 to DP17 to be differentially abundant across the stem tissue and for the first time, experimental collision cross sections of endogenous fructan structures have been collected, revealing at least two isoforms for fructans of DP4, DP5, DP6, DP7, DP8, DP10, and DP11. This demonstrates that complex fructans such as agavins can be located and their isoforms resolved using a combination of MALDI, IMS, and MSI, without the need for extraction or derivatization. Use of this methodology uncovered patterns of fructan localization consistent with functional differences where higher DP fructans are found toward the central section of the stem supporting a role in long term carbohydrate storage whereas lower DP fructans are concentrated in the highly vascularized central core of rhizomes supporting a role in mobilization of carbohydrates from the mother plant to developing offsets. Tissue specific patterns of expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in fructan metabolism are consistent with fructan structures and localization

Integrative analyses identify modulators of response to neoadjuvant aromatase inhibitors in patients with early breast cancer

Introduction Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are a vital component of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer treatment. De novo and acquired resistance, however, is common. The aims of this study were to relate patterns of copy number aberrations to molecular and proliferative response to AIs, to study differences in the patterns of copy number aberrations between breast cancer samples pre- and post-AI neoadjuvant therapy, and to identify putative biomarkers for resistance to neoadjuvant AI therapy using an integrative analysis approach. Methods Samples from 84 patients derived from two neoadjuvant AI therapy trials were subjected to copy number profiling by microarray-based comparative genomic hybridisation (aCGH, n = 84), gene expression profiling (n = 47), matched pre- and post-AI aCGH (n = 19 pairs) and Ki67-based AI-response analysis (n = 39). Results Integrative analysis of these datasets identified a set of nine genes that, when amplified, were associated with a poor response to AIs, and were significantly overexpressed when amplified, including CHKA, LRP5 and SAPS3. Functional validation in vitro, using cell lines with and without amplification of these genes (SUM44, MDA-MB134-VI, T47D and MCF7) and a model of acquired AI-resistance (MCF7-LTED) identified CHKA as a gene that when amplified modulates estrogen receptor (ER)-driven proliferation, ER/estrogen response element (ERE) transactivation, expression of ER-regulated genes and phosphorylation of V-AKT murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 (AKT1). Conclusions These data provide a rationale for investigation of the role of CHKA in further models of de novo and acquired resistance to AIs, and provide proof of concept that integrative genomic analyses can identify biologically relevant modulators of AI response

Management of a ruptured epidural catheter, an anesthesiologist's dilemma: a case report

Epidural anesthesia is a widely used anesthetic technique in lower extremity surgeries although it is a relatively safe procedure, it can have complications, such as rupture of the epidural catheter. This is a 69-year-old male patient with a diagnosis of Wagner IV diabetic foot is presented, which was scheduled for left supracondylar amputation in which after epidural block, retention of the catheter tip in the epidural space at level L2-L3 was seen, so hemi laminectomy was performed in a second surgical stage in L2 and removal of the epidural catheter. Ideally a broken needle should be removed as soon as possible

Liver transplantation as a new standard of care in patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma?:Results from an international benchmark study

Objective: To define benchmark values for liver transplantation (LT) in patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHC) enabling unbiased comparisons.Background: Transplantation for PHC is used with reluctance in many centers and even contraindicated in several countries. Although benchmark values for LT are available, there is a lack of specific data on LT performed for PHC.Methods: PHC patients considered for LT after Mayo-like protocol were analyzed in 17 reference centers in 2 continents over the recent 5-year period (2014–2018). The minimum follow-up was 1 year. Benchmark patients were defined as operated at high-volume centers (≥ 50 overall LT/year) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, with a tumor diameter &lt;3 cm, negative lymph nodes, and with the absence of relevant comorbidities. Benchmark cutoff values were derived from the 75th to 25th percentiles of the median values of all benchmark centers.Results: One hundred thirty-four consecutive patients underwent LT after completion of the neoadjuvant treatment. Of those, 89.6% qualified as benchmark cases. Benchmark cutoffs were 90-day mortality ≤ 5.2%; comprehensive complication index at 1 year of ≤ 33.7; grade ≥ 3 complication rates ≤ 66.7%. These values were better than benchmark values for other indications of LT. Five-year disease-free survival was largely superior compared with a matched group of nodal negative patients undergoing curative liver resection (n = 106) (62% vs 32%, P &lt; 0.001).Conclusion: This multicenter benchmark study demonstrates that LT offers excellent outcomes with superior oncological results in early stage PHC patients, even in candidates for surgery. This provocative observation should lead to a change in available therapeutic algorithms for PHC.</p