Creating power: The evolution of teacher authority in Spain

This paper aims to address the subject of teacher authority as it has become a problem that has gone beyond educational barriers, to become a political issue. To do so, we analysed the evolution of teacher authority over the last two centuries, considered from its different portrayals in the legislation. As units of analysis, we have taken the education laws starting in 1857, with the Moyano Law, to this day, as well as the regulatory developments that have arisen in this regard at the regional level.The study of the regulations from a historical perspective will allow us not only to verify the role that has been given to the teacher at each moment in this time span, and how this has been collected in the regulations, but also the evolution of the concept of authority and the value granted to it at each different moment.Este trabajo pretende abordar el tema de la autoridad del profesorado ya que se ha convertido en un problema que desborda las barreras educativas, para convertirse en un asunto con entidad política. Para ello, realizamos un análisis de la evolución de la autoridad del docente a lo largo de los dos últimos siglos, contemplada a partir de los diferentes desarrollos legislativos. Como unidades de análisis, hemos tomado las leyes educativas que arrancan en el año 1857, con la Ley Moyano, hasta nuestros días, así como los desarrollos normativos surgidos al respecto a nivel autonómico. El estudio de la normativa, desde una perspectiva histórica, nos va a permitir no solo constatar el papel que en cada momento social se le ha dado al docente, y cómo se ha recogido este a través de las regulaciones, sino la evolución del concepto de autoridad y el valor otorgado en cada época

Trastornos emocionales en pacientes adolescentes con trastornos de la conducta alimentaria durante pandemia covid-19: estudio transversal

Objetivo: determinar los tipos de comportamientos y gravedad de sintomatología en niños y adolescentes asistidos en una Unidad de Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria (TCA) durante el periodo de COVID-19 frente al mismo periodo del año anterior.Material y Método: estudio transversal descriptivo con un total de 132 pacientes de 151 reclutados tras su primera visita. Se analizaron características sociodemográficas, valores antropométricos, conductas alimentarias, comportamientos compensatorios y síntomas físicos y emocionales. Resultados: 61 pacientes fueron asignados al periodo comprendido entre el 1 de enero y el 31 de diciembre del 2019 y 71 al mismo periodo del 2020. El diagnóstico mayoritario en ambos grupos fue el de anorexia nerviosa restrictiva presentando una incidencia del 53,5% durante el confinamiento. El análisis sugirió una tendencia hacia las conductas restrictivas siendo la disminución entre 10 y 19,9 kg de peso significativa en el grupo de COVID (35,8%) frente al de No COVID (25,5%). La diferencia entre los pacientes categorizados de “alta gravedad” frente a los de “baja gravedad” durante la pandemia fue significativa con respecto al periodo anterior, utilizando un modelo de ajuste por edad y sexo ([IC 1,552 - 9,748]; p=0,003).Conclusiones: Los TCA afectan a una proporción de niños y adolescentes cada vez más creciente. Durante el periodo de pandemia se ha observado más gravedad en las categorías con comportamientos más restrictivos y esto ha ido asociado a una mayor pérdida de peso. <br /

Myths about sexual aggression, sexual assertiveness and sexual violence in adolescent romantic relationships

Abstract: Sexual violence is a worldwide health and social issue. However, little is known about the sexual violence that occurs in the context of romantic relationships. This study analyzes the existence of sexual violence in adolescents? Romantic relationships, the possible associations between such violence (both committed and su ered) and myths about sexual aggression and sexual assertiveness, and the possible gender-related distinctions. A sample of 329 students aged between 15 and 19 (M = 16.3; SD = 0.79) was surveyed; all participants were in a romantic relationship when the data were collected. The results reveal that both genders report the existence of sexual violence in their romantic relationships; however, in heterosexual relationships, males were more often the perpetrators of sexual violence. Additionally, myths about sexual aggression and sexual assertiveness were found to be significantly associated with both perpetration and victimization. Accordingly, these predictors should be focal points in prevention programs for adolescent sexual violence. The findings of this study show the de-prioritization of sexuality education in the Spanish educational system, as well as the need to strengthen the competence of adolescents in this area

Cambios en la tomografía de coherencia óptica de dominio espectral tras aplicar terapia fotodinámica en coriorretinopatía serosa central

Propósito: Evaluar la utilidad de la tomografía de coherencia óptica de dominio espectral (SD-OCT) en los cambios que se producen en las capas de la retina, tras realizar terapia fotodinámica (TFD) para el tratamiento de la coroiditis serosa central (CSC) crónica. Material y Métodos: Se recogieron de forma retrospectiva las características basales de agudeza visual (AV), el espesor macular central, de la capa nuclear externa (CNE), desprendimiento neurosensorial (DNS) y el epitelio pigmentario de la retina (EPR) mediante SD-OCT, y en los meses 3, 6 y 12 posteriores a la TFD en 43 pacientes (48 ojos) con CSC crónica que cumplieron los criterios de inclusion. Para la comparación de las medias de dichas variables se utilizó el t-test pareado, considerando diferencias estadísticamente significativas si p95% de los casos, sin producir cambios significativos en la CNE ni en el EPR tras 1 año de tratamiento

<i>Schmidtea mediterranea</i> phylogeography: an old species surviving on a few Mediterranean islands?

Background: Schmidtea mediterranea (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Continenticola) is found in scattered localities on a few islands and in coastal areas of the western Mediterranean. Although S. mediterranea is the object of many regeneration studies, little is known about its evolutionary history. Its present distribution has been proposed to stem from the fragmentation and migration of the Corsica-Sardinia microplate during the formation of the western Mediterranean basin, which implies an ancient origin for the species. To test this hypothesis, we obtained a large number of samples from across its distribution area. Using known and new molecular markers and, for the first time in planarians, a molecular clock, we analysed the genetic variability and demographic parameters within the species and between its sexual and asexual populations to estimate when they diverged. Results: A total of 2 kb from three markers (COI, CYB and a nuclear intron N13) was amplified from ~200 specimens. Molecular data clustered the studied populations into three groups that correspond to the west, central and southeastern geographical locations of the current distribution of S. mediterranea. Mitochondrial genes show low haplotype and nucleotide diversity within populations but demonstrate higher values when all individuals are considered. The nuclear marker shows higher values of genetic diversity than the mitochondrial genes at the population level, but asexual populations present lower variability than the sexual ones. Neutrality tests are significant for some populations. Phylogenetic and dating analyses show the three groups to be monophyletic, with the west group being the basal group. The time when the diversification of the species occurred is between ~20 and ~4 mya, although the asexual nature of the western populations could have affected the dating analyses. Conclusions: S. mediterranea is an old species that is sparsely distributed in a harsh habitat, which is probably the consequence of the migration of the Corsica-Sardinia block. This species probably adapted to temperate climates in the middle of a changing Mediterranean climate that eventually became dry and hot. These data also suggest that in the mainland localities of Europe and Africa, sexual individuals of S. mediterranea are being replaced by asexual individuals that are either conspecific or are from other species that are better adapted to the Mediterranean climate

Glosario visual de técnicas artísticas de la antigüedad a la Edad Moderna. Arquitectura. Pintura. Artes gráficas. Artes suntuarias. Escultura.

Este glosario ofrece un compendio científico de conceptos básicos, ilustrados con una rigurosa selección de imágenes de alta calidad, para estudiar las producciones artísticas desde el punto de vista de su materialidad y de los procesos de ejecución, siempre considerados y explicados desde la perspectiva histórica. Al mismo tiempo, proporciona un vocabulario fundamental sobre las artes, con elementos léxicos específicos imprescindibles para su conocimiento y estudio

El beneficio de la gestión de relación entre las empresas y turistas a través de las aplicaciones móviles como herramienta de marketing y elemento diferenciador de los destinos turísticos

Currently tourist destinations are promoted through multiple media, but we must recognize that in these moments is the most important Internet and especially mobile applications, being the holder by which the tourism business sector are channeling their offer to improve tourist experience. In this research we present the relationship between business management-tourist as the skeleton holding the economy long-term fate. The competition among tourist destinations has forced all stakeholders to be more creative, proactive and especially knowing differentiate ourselves. The methodology used in this research project has been mainly qualitative, gathering information about our study problem. The interest of this research mainly focuses on analyzing the relationship between business management-tourist through mobile applications, consider this node as a tourist differentiating element and said tool is being implemented in the sector.Actualmente los destinos turísticos se promocionan a través de múltiples medios, aunque debemos reconocer que en estos momentos el más importante es internet y en especial las aplicaciones móviles, que están siendo el soporte por el cual el tejido empresarial turístico están canalizando su oferta para mejorar la experiencia del turista. En este trabajo de investigación exponemos la gestión de relación entre empresa-turista como el esqueleto de sujeción de la economía del destino a largo plazo. La competitividad entre los destinos turísticos ha obligado a todos los agentes implicados a ser más creativos, proactivos y sobre todo a saber diferenciarnos de los demás. La metodología utilizada en este proyecto de investigación, ha sido principalmente de carácter cualitativo, recopilando información sobre nuestro problema de estudio. El interés de esta investigación, se centra principalmente en analizar que beneficio tiene la gestión de relación entre empresa-turista a través de las aplicaciones móviles, estudiar este nodo como elemento diferenciador turístico y qué efectos está teniendo en esta actividad marketiniana

Related Factors of Anemia in Critically Ill Patients: A Prospective Multicenter Study

Anemia; Blood; Practice managementAnemia; Sangre; Gestión prácticaAnèmia; Sang; Gestió pràcticaAnemia is common in critically ill patients; almost 95% of patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) have hemoglobin levels below normal. Several causes may explain this phenomenon as well as the tendency to transfuse patients without adequate cause: due to a lack of adherence to protocols, lack of supervision, incomplete transfusion request forms, or a lack of knowledge about the indications, risks, and costs of transfusions. Daily sampling to monitor the coagulation parameters and the acid–base balance can aggravate anemia as the main iatrogenic factor in its production. We studied the association and importance of iatrogenic blood loss and other factors in the incidence of anemia in ICUs. We performed a prospective, observational, multicenter study in five Spanish hospitals. A total of 142 patients with a median age of 58 years (IQI: 48–69), 71.83% male and 28.17% female, were admitted to ICUs without a diagnosis of iatrogenic anemia. During their ICU stay, anemia appeared in 66.90% of the sample, 95 patients, (95% CI: 58.51–74.56%). Risk factors associated with the occurrence of iatrogenic anemia were arterial catheter insertion (72.63% vs. 46.81%, p-value = 0.003), venous catheter insertion (87.37% vs. 72.34%, p-value = 0.023), drainages (33.68% vs. 12. 77%, p-value = 0.038), and ICU stay, where the longer the stay, the higher the rate of iatrogenic anemia (p-value < 0.001). We concluded that there was a statistical significance in the production of iatrogenic anemia due to the daily sampling for laboratory monitoring and critical procedures in intensive care units. The implementation of patient blood management programs could address these issues

Evaluación de la actividad docente en el desarrollo de competencias profesionales

Memoria ID-0130. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2014-2015