PUFA loses after cookingg of chicken meat

An experiment was conducted to assess the effect ofsupplying with fish or linseed oils on the performance, quality parameters and fatty acid (FA) composition of the meat of broiler chickens. Besides, it aimed to test the relative stability of the FA composition after cooking of the chicken meat. A diet with 4% of tallow plus 4% linseed oil (Tl ) or 4% fish oil (T2) was fed to the birds throughout the 5 wk growth period. After slaughtering of the animals, the FA profile of the raw samples was determined by means of gas chromatography, and also alter cooking in a convector oven (180"C, 35 min). Carcass yield, percentage of valuable parts, texture, juiciness and grill losses of meat were determined as objective quality parameters. Performance parameters were not significantly different among treatments, though a tendency towards a better transformation index was found in Tl fed animals (p<().09). Objective quality meat parameters were not different when compared by treatments. As expected, differences in the FA profile of the samples were found among treatments, being the Tl samples the ones which scored with higher n-3 FA levels, because of its linolenic acid content, while T2 samples showed a higher proportion in n-3 long-chain (LC) polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) in form ofeicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid. Processing of the samples had an important influence on the FA profile of the meat. PUFA content was significantly lower in cooked samples (p<0.()l), thus affecting the relative percentage of saturated FA, which rose to the highest values after cooking. Changes in monounsaturated FA were unnoticeable. Losses in n-6 FA were mainly due to the fall of linoleic acid while almost all n-3 LCPUFA experienced significant losses after cooking of the meat

Molecular stratigraphic analysis with raman spectroscopy of the shell of a mussel

Peer Reviewe

PE IN CLIL Resources I. Grammar structures

The project we are presenting has been designed for the Teaching physical education in English using CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) methodology ICE group. The group is composed of a researcher and teachers of Physical education in CLIL that wanted to expand the resources in this area considering there are not enough. This group works together to create better materials for PE teachers that teach using the CLIL methodology. We've started from the very base after considering the needs of everyone in order to move forward with more quality materials. The effort and motivation all of them put in is reflected in this project. The first part of this project is about grammar structures, we've analyzed the different grammar structures for the six grades/levels of primary school, and we've created a guide so teachers can follow and get some ideas from it. Presented in this document is first the content related to every grade gathering parts like verbs, prepositions, adjectives and question words and it has been chosen from the teachers according to the curriculum they are teaching in their schools. Following this are examples related to this content that have been created by us in various meetings throughout the year. In the examples portion we've tried to apply physical education content so it could facilitate their use

Determination of the high-pressure crystal structure of BaWO4 and PbWO4

We report the results of both angle-dispersive x-ray diffraction and x-ray absorption near-edge structure studies in BaWO4 and PbWO4 at pressures of up to 56 GPa and 24 GPa, respectively. BaWO4 is found to undergo a pressure-driven phase transition at 7.1 GPa from the tetragonal scheelite structure (which is stable under normal conditions) to the monoclinic fergusonite structure whereas the same transition takes place in PbWO4 at 9 GPa. We observe a second transition to another monoclinic structure which we identify as that of the isostructural phases BaWO4-II and PbWO4-III (space group P21/n). We have also performed ab initio total energy calculations which support the stability of this structure at high pressures in both compounds. The theoretical calculations further find that upon increase of pressure the scheelite phases become locally unstable and transform displacively into the fergusonite structure. The fergusonite structure is however metastable and can only occur if the transition to the P21/n phases were kinetically inhibited. Our experiments in BaWO4 indicate that it becomes amorphous beyond 47 GPa.Comment: 46 pages, 11 figures, 3 table

Living on the Edge: Assessing the Extinction Risk of Critically Endangered Bonelli’s Eagle in Italy

Background: The population of Bonelli’s eagle (Aquila fasciata) has declined drastically throughout its European range due to habitat degradation and unnatural elevated mortality. There are less than 1500 breeding pairs accounted for in Europe, and the species is currently catalogued as Critically Endangered in Italy, where the 22 territories of Sicily, represent nearly 95% of the entire Italian population. However, despite national and European conservation concerns, the species currently lacks a specific conservation plan, and no previous attempts to estimate the risk of extinction have been made. Methodology/Principal Findings: We incorporated the most updated demographic information available to assess the extinction risk of endangered Bonelli’s eagle in Italy through a Population Viability Analysis. Using perturbation analyses (sensitivity and elasticity), and a combination of demographic data obtained from an assortment of independent methods, we evaluated which demographic parameters have more influence on the population’s fate. We also simulated different scenarios to explore the effects of possible management actions. Our results showed that under the current conditions, Bonelli’s eagle is expected to become extinct in Italy in less than 50 years. Stand-alone juvenile mortality was the most critical demographic parameter with the strongest influence on population persistence with respect to other demographic parameters. Measures aimed at either decreasing juvenile mortality, adult mortality or decreasing both juvenile and adult mortality resulted in equivalent net positive effects on population persistence (population growth rate l.1). In contrast, changes aimed at increasing breeding success had limited positive effects on demographic trends. Conclusions/Significance: Our PVA provides essential information to direct the decision-making process and exposes gaps in our previous knowledge. To ensure the long-term persistence of the species in Italy, measures are urgently needed to decrease both adult mortality due to poaching and juvenile mortality due to nest plundering, the top ranking mortality causes.PLL is supported by a “Juan de la Cierva” postdoctoral grant of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (reference JCI-2011–09588)

High-pressure x-ray diffraction and ab initio study of Ni2Mo3N, Pd2Mo3N, Pt2Mo3N, Co3Mo3N, and Fe3Mo3N: Two families of ultra-incompressible bimetallic interstitial nitrides

We have studied by means of high-pressure x-ray diffraction the structural stability of Ni2Mo3N, Co3Mo3N, and Fe3Mo3N. We also report ab initio computing modeling of the high-pressure properties of these compounds, Pd2Mo3N, and Pt2Mo3N. We have found that the nitrides remain stable in the ambient-pressure cubic structure at least up to 50 GPa and determined their equation of state. All of them have a bulk modulus larger than 300 GPa. Single-crystal elastic constants have been calculated in order to quantify the stiffness of the investigated nitrides. We found that they should have a Vickers hardness similar to that of cubic spinel nitrides like gamma-Si3N4Comment: 25 pages, 6 figures, 3 table

Revision of Training Models on Ultrasound-Guided Vascular Access: Presentation of an Animal Model

Simulation has been defined as the representation of something as real. It is necessary for performing the ultrasound-guided vascular cannulation technique correctly. The use of training models for diagnostic or therapeutic procedures: improves the quality of care for patients; decreases stress level that it can produce the realization of a new technique directly on the patient and; can be used as many times as the model is reproduced, also serving as a method for the resolution of some problems that may appear related to the in vivo technique. The evidence shows that simulation plays an important role in the acquisition of skills to perform invasive procedures. The use of ultrasound in vascular accesses whether peripheral or central, arterial, or venous, improves the success rate in the canalization and reduce the complications derived from the technique in certain critical situations (coagulopathy, thrombocytopenia, obesity, etc.) specially in pediatric patients given the variability of depth and diameter of its vessels with respect to the adult population. To facilitate learning in the technique of echoguided puncture, a training model is presented that is easily reproducible, economical and with a high fidelity in relation to the punctures performed on the patient

Effects of Pb+2 on three populations of Zygophyllum fabago: Genotoxicity study

[SPA] Zygophyllum fabago es un arbusto perenne que es capaz de tolerar las duras condiciones ambientales prevalentes en el sudeste español, donde se localizan las balsas de estériles mineros que se encuentran dispersas por la Sierra de Cartagena. Sin embargo, a pesar de ser una especie pionera en estas balsas y de producir una considerable cantidad de semillas viables, la tasa de cobertura del suelo por esta especie en las balsas de estériles mineros es baja, debido a las condiciones adversas de la zona, sobre todo por los altos contenidos en metales pesados. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es evaluar el nivel de estrés soportado al aplicar plomo a plantas de Z. fabago procedentes de tres poblaciones distintas. El estudio se centra en determinar los daños de ADN debido a la presencia del metal pesado mediante los ensayos cometa y de micronúcleos. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la toxicidad por plomo se manifiesta de forma diferente dependiendo de la población considerada, lo que sugiere que cada población pone en juego diferentes mecanismos de adaptación para sobrevivir a las condiciones específicas de cada entorno. [ENG] Zygophyllum fabago is a succulent perennial shrub that is able to tolerate harsh environmental conditions prevailing in the southeastern Spain, where mine tailing ponds are scattered throughout the Sierra de Cartagena. However, despite being a pioneer species in the study area and produce a substantial amount of viable seeds, the rate of soil cover by this species in mine tailing ponds is low, probably because of adverse conditions in the area, especially high content of heavy metals. The main objective of this work is to assess the impact of applying a high lead concentration to Z. fabago plants from three different populations in the level of stress endured by the plants. Two genotoxicity assays (the comet assay and the micronucleus test) were carried out in order to evaluate the DNA damage induced by the heavy metal. Our results show that lead toxicity affects differently each population. This may be due to the different adaptation mechanisms developed to survive in any environment.Este trabajo ha sido parcialmente financiado por el MECD (beca FPU AP2012/02559). Parte del trabajo se ha realizado en la Universidad de Aveiro (Portugal) gracias a la concesión de una ayuda para la movilidad del MECD (EST13/00414)