Habitat use by juvenile Golden Eagles Aquila chrysaetos in Spain

Dispersing juvenile Golden Eagles are habitat generalists that do not regularly use temporary settlements.Conselleria de Territori i Habitatge of the Generalitat Valenciana and the Spanish Ministerio de Medio Ambiente. P. López-López is supported by an FPU grant of the Spanish Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (reference AP2005-0874)

Los precios en los mercados reestructurados de electricidad: algunas lecciones básicas para la negociación derivada

Este artículo investiga los precios al contado de mercados reestructurados de la electricidad de diversas partes del mundo. Primero se proporciona un análisis detallado de las propiedades distributivas y de la dinámica de los precios de contado eléctricos. Después se realiza una introducción a los múltiples factores por el lado de la demanda y de la oferta que contribuyen a su complejo y variado comportamiento. Finalmente se extraen algunas lecciones fundamentales del análisis anterior para la negociación de derivados sobre la electricidad.This paper investigates the spot prices from restructured electricity markets around the world. First, we provide a comprehensive survey of the distributional properties and the dynamics of spot electricity prices. Then, we introduce the multiple demand and supply factors that contribute to their complex and diverse behaviour. Finally, we extract some fundamental lessons implied by such characteristics, for the power [email protected]

Habitat use by juvenile Golden Eagles Aquila chrysaetos in Spain

Capsule Dispersing juvenile Golden Eagles are habitat generalists that do not regularly use temporary settlements. © 2008 British Trust for Ornithology.Peer Reviewe

Markov models of territory occupancy: Implications for the management and conservation of competing species

Markov chains have been frequently used in community ecology to model successional changes, but little attention has been paid to its application in population ecology as a tool to explore the outcomes of species interactions. Markov models can be regarded as >null models> that provide predicted values under a no-change scenario against which the consequences of changes in variables of interest can be assessed. Here we explore Markov chains' potential to project population trends of competing species and derive sensible management strategies. To do that we use six years of field data on territory occupancy and turn-over of two competing top predators in a Mediterranean landscape: the golden and Bonelli's eagles. The results suggest that long-term coexistence of both species in the study area is likely, with the main limitation for their coexistence being the difficulties Bonelli's eagles have in colonising new territories that become available. To avoid future declines in the population of Bonelli's eagle, it is important to take into account that the positive effects of conservation strategies focused on encouraging colonization (e.g. decreasing disperser mortality) are likely to be larger than those focused on avoiding territory abandonment (e.g. decreasing adult mortality). Markov chains are likely to be useful to evaluate the relative merit of alternative management options in other territorial species when patterns of territory occupancy are the only reliable data available, as often happens with large predators. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.Peer Reviewe

Suitability of the Health and Social Care Resources for Persons Requiring Long-Term Care in Spain: An Empirical Approach

The objective of this paper is to examine the suitability of specific facilities for dependent persons for meeting users" needs.A total of 1265 users of social and health facilities for dependent persons were interviewed in a study carried out in a typical southern European region with a Mediterranean welfare system: the Valencia Autonomous Region in Spain. Data were obtained on users" socio-demographic profile, health, functional dependence, cognition, social support and housing suitability. Based on these data and the institutional definitions of the specific facilities for dependent persons, the suitability index was drawn up for each facility and suitability was evaluated using discriminant analysis. The results give a high suitability index for most of the facilities (between 0.661 for Units for Home Hospitalisation and 1.000 for Units for Psychiatric Hospitalisation). But a significant percentage of patients (17% in Hospitals for Chronically Ill and Long-stay Patients) could be cared for in different facilities to the ones they actually use

Towards a new welfare state: the social sustainability principle and health care strategies

In this paper we propose a social and health care model that offers alternatives to three problems arising in converging European welfare states, particularly in the southern nations: the rise in demand for services and features linked to the ageing process, the increase in dependency and the crisis of informal support. Development of the principles of social sustainability implies re-formulation of the regulatory, care, economic, administrative, cultural, and axiological framework enabling a response to the needs of long term care without compromising the welfare of future generations. Together with this principle, quality of life elevated to a subjective right directs attention towards the sphere closest to citizens, eliminating all barriers, which hamper exercise of this right. All of the above produces economic and social costs which must be accepted from a viewpoint of social co-responsibility, which brings with it the supply of welfare individually, without detriment to the exercise of state responsibility in guaranteeing a social protection system of a universal nature

Seguimiento longitudinal de la evolución en la condición aeróbica en jóvenes futbolistas

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el comportamiento de los principales factores condicionantes de la condición aeróbica en jóvenes futbolistas (15–18 años)

El futuro de la atención a la dependencia: sostenibilidad y prospectiva

El aumento de la demanda de protección sociosanitaria en los Estados del bienestar y la amenaza a la sotenibilidad financiera de los mismos requiere de soluciones más eficaces, que proporcionen mayor calidad de vida, y más eficientes. El objetivo de este artículo es realizar una propuesta alternativa de escenarios de atención a la dependencia de máxima eficiencia, utilizando como referencia el coste de la misma, tanto en la asistencia social como en la asistencia sanitaria, basada en los principios de sostenibilidad social, calidad de vida y equidad. El artículo recoge datos sobre los costes de las estancias en hospitales de personas dependientes, y los costes y beneficios de los escenarios asistenciales alternativos. La conclusión final es que sería posible aumentar en un porcentaje significativo las personas que reciben servicios hospitalarios sin aumentar el gasto de atención a las personas dependientes

Amenazas al sistema de bienestar español en los inicios del tercer milenio

Los países europeos se encuentran en un proceso de convergencia que conlleva el planteamiento de similares problemas sociales, económicos y políticos. En particular, el bienestar se empieza a concebir como un valor supranacional que requiere de la conjunción de criterios y esfuerzos para su mantenimiento ante problemas sobrevenidos en todos los países, como son el aumento de la ratio de pensionistas y el aumento de la demanda de cuidados de larga duración, ambos muy correlacionados con el envejecimiento de la población europea, que significan una carga creciente sobre los sistemas públicos sanitario y de pensiones. Además, en los estados meridionales concurre otro fenómeno que afecta directamente a la provisión del bienestar, como es la incorporación de la mujer al mundo laboral que tiene asociada una progresiva desfamilización de la sociedad. Ante la ruptura de la solidaridad familiar que ello trae asociado, aparece un incremento de la demanda de cuidados hacia el Estado que grava aún más el gasto público. Estos problemas comunes se producen en coyunturas aún diferentes en cada modelo de bienestar, pero la convergencia supone plantear respuestas que, a largo plazo, sean útiles para todos los países. El actual modelo de bienestar meridional se enfrenta con tres problemas sociodemográficos: el envejecimiento de la población, el aumento de la dependencia y la crisis del apoyo informal o desfamilización. En este artículo, se aportan datos y proyecciones que tomados de forma conjunta ponen de manifiesto que estos problemas amenazan la sostenibilidad de las estructuras de bienestar del modelo mediterráneo

Care needs among the dependent population in Spain: an empirical approach

The objective of the present paper was to identify the profile and needs of social and healthcare users in Spain who required long-term care. To achieve this goal, an extensive empirical study was carried out in 2001 of a typical southern European region: the Valencia Autonomous Region in Spain. The method used was a questionnaire-based survey. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire comprising 119 questions grouped into seven sections: social and demographic data; clinical diagnosis and treatment; living environment; degree of dependence in activities of daily living (ADLs); cognitive state; social support; and the social, demographic and attendance data of the carer, if available. The sampling was carried out in two strata, i.e. social and healthcare: first, the authors randomly selected the centres and services as sampling points, and then they randomly selected the subjects. A total of 1265 people were interviewed. The results show different care profiles: users aged under 65 years were mostly mentally ill and/or drug users requiring short- and medium-term care from the health services, while those aged over 65 years had chronic illnesses for which they were actively receiving treatment, were functionally dependent for ADLs, and were normally receiving social care that basically provided company and resolved functional limitations