Food and Identity in New Zealand: the Cross-Generational Transmission of Cultural and Gender Identity through Food

This thesis examines the previously under-explored area of the intersection of individuals’ cultural and gender identity in relation to food within the framework of New Zealand food culture. The analysis focuses upon how the cross-generational transmission of food culture has occurred within Pakeha families in New Zealand, and how the process has affected gendered identities. The study was based on analyses of in-depth interviews and reminiscences provided by 15 individual respondents from six families about their food preferences and practices. This interview data was summarised and organised into six family case histories. Also in analysing New Zealand cookbooks, the thesis considers social changes related to the changing meaning of food and cooking in association with individuals’ gender roles. Particular attention was paid to the ‘de-gendering’ of cooking. If men are cooking more nowadays than in the past, do they invest this activity with different social meanings from women? If women spend less time on food preparation than in the past, do they depend more on convenience foods? This thesis investigates how such changes interact with the cultural and social significance of food and cooking

Entrusting the Future of Rural Society through Nurturing Civic Pride: Endeavors in Gojome Town, Akita Prefecture of Japan

This photo essay illustrates a study on endeavors in a rural Japanese town with a declining population and discusses the future of rural society from a perspective of civic pride as well as sustainability. The population of the town of Gojome, located in Akita Prefecture of northern Japan, has halved from 20,025 in 1960 to 9,481 in 2015. Depopulation is often perceived as a half-empty glass, but we approached our study with the view that it is half-full. We discuss the issue through appreciative approaches by adopting the concept of “civic pride” as an alternative lens based on our empirical survey. The methodology adopted for this field survey include individual interviews with 126 respondents (consisting of 79 residents of Gojome and 47 individuals who were visiting the town) across different generations, 15 key informant interviews, drawings of their pride about the town by 34 sixth-graders of Gojome Elementary School, and observations. It was found that various generations of proud Gojome locals and non-locals have started to proactively participate in the process of bettering the town through various social, cultural, economic, and environmental activities. Based on our learning in Gojome town we conclude that, in the wake of rural depopulation, nurturing “civic pride” could potentially contribute to rural sustainability through entrusting the future of rural society to next generations

Identifying Context-Specific Categories for Visualizing Livability of Cities—a Case Study of Malmö

Livability is a concept being applied to cities, even though it is vague. Worldwide, there are several livable city ranking schemes in use, which compare the livability of cities by making use of standardized indicator sets. The research presented here recognizes, as a point of departure, that each city is unique, implying that comparisons of cities by standardized categories only does not adequately reflect the reality of each city. A qualitative approach to identify context-specific categories of livability is proposed and employed to the case of Malmo ̈ in Sweden. Through interviews, nine context-specific categories were identified and visualized. The findings of the study demonstrate that a qualitative approach enables a more in-depth description of livability categories because it can capture and illustrate relationships among the categories. An explicit awareness of such relationships may provide a more holistic perspective to city officials and planners as they aim to improve the livability of their cities. The study concludes that a qualitative approach in identifying context-specific categories can complement existing assessment schemes and allow a better grasp of livability challenges to cities

Identifying Context-Specific Categories for Visualizing Livability of Cities—a Case Study of Malmö

Livability is a concept being applied to cities, even though it is vague. Worldwide, there are several livable city ranking schemes in use, which compare the livability of cities by making use of standardized indicator sets. The research presented here recognizes, as a point of departure, that each city is unique, implying that comparisons of cities by standardized categories only does not adequately reflect the reality of each city. A qualitative approach to identify context-specific categories of livability is proposed and employed to the case of Malmo ̈ in Sweden. Through interviews, nine context-specific categories were identified and visualized. The findings of the study demonstrate that a qualitative approach enables a more in-depth description of livability categories because it can capture and illustrate relationships among the categories. An explicit awareness of such relationships may provide a more holistic perspective to city officials and planners as they aim to improve the livability of their cities. The study concludes that a qualitative approach in identifying context-specific categories can complement existing assessment schemes and allow a better grasp of livability challenges to cities

Ultrafast dissolution and creation of bonds in IrTe2 induced by photodoping

The observation and control of interweaving spin, charge, orbital, and structural degrees of freedom in materials on ultrafast time scales reveal exotic quantum phenomena and enable new active forms of nanotechnology. Bond- ing is the prime example of the relation between electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom. We report direct evidence illustrating that photoexcitation can be used for ultrafast control of the breaking and recovery of bonds in solids on unprecedented time scales, near the limit for nuclear motions. We describe experimental and theoretical studies of IrTe2 using femtosecond electron diffraction and density functional theory to investigate bonding instability. Ir-Ir dimerization shows an unexpected fast dissociation and recovery due to the filling of the antibonding dxy orbital. Bond length changes of 20% in IrTe2 are achieved by effectively addressing the bonds directly through this relaxation process. These results could pave the way to ultrafast switching between metastable structures by photoinduced manipulation of the relative degree of bonding in this manner

ニュウジ ホイク エンシュウ ニ オケル ホイク ジッセンリョク イクセイ ニ カンスル ケンキュウ : コムギコ ネンド サクヒン セイサク オ ココロミテ

　本研究の目的は，乳児保育演習で実践を試みた「小麦粉粘土作品製作」の「保育実践力育成」に対する有効性を明確にする事である．乳児保育Ⅰを履修している3 年生50 名を対象に，「乳児の成長発達とその援助」の授業において10 グループを作り，グループ毎に「4 色の小麦粉粘土」を使用し，作品を製作した．学生は作品製作において「自分自身が楽しむ」という体験を通して1．指導案作成にあたり考慮すべき点の発見2．こどもの想像力を豊かにするための教材作りの重要性3．仲間と協力することの楽しさ4．見立てながら新しい物を作り出す喜び等の気づきがあった．以上の事から「小麦粉粘土作品製作」は「保育実践力育成」に有効である事が示唆された．This study clarifies the effectiveness of \u27creating flour-clay artwork\u27, attempted in infant nursingexercises, with regards to the \u27cultivation of practical nursing skills\u27. The participants were 50 third-year students majoring in Infant Nursing I, enrolled in a \u27Growth development of infants and its support\u27 class.The50 participants were divided into ten groups, and each group created a piece of artwork utilizing \u27flour-clay in four colours\u27. The participants discovered the following through the enjoyable experience of personally creating the artwork: 1) the points to be considered in producing a teaching plan; 2) the importance of creating teaching materials that enrich the imagination skills of children; 3) pleasure in collaborating with their colleagues; and 4) the joy of creating something new while evaluating it. The results suggested that creating flour-clay artwork is effective in cultivating practical nursing skills

ホイク カツドウ ダッコ オムツ コウカン ト ヨウツウ カタコリ トノ カンレン : ホウホウ ヒンド ニ チャクモク シテ

　保育士の保育活動である「抱っこ」「おむつ交換」と腰痛・肩こりとの関連を，方法・頻度に着目して明確にする事を研究目的とし，平成22 年5 ～ 7 月，北海道内11 か所の女性保育士114 名を対象に質問紙調査を行った．1．「抱っこ」の一日の回数では，「平均未満」群に腰痛「あり」の者が多い傾向がみられた．2．「抱っこ」の腕の方向では，「片腕抱き」群に腰痛「あり」の者が多い傾向がみられた．3．「抱っこ」の「片腕抱き」群では両側肩こりが多い傾向がみられた．4．「抱き上げる時のこどもの姿勢」では，「寝ている」「座っている」「立っている」児を抱き上げる事と腰痛・肩こり「あり」には関連があまりなかった．5．「おむつ交換」の一日の回数では，「平均未満」群に腰痛「あり」の者が多い傾向がみられ，場所では「床」群に腰痛「あり」の者が多い傾向がみられた．今後は保育活動の姿勢による筋疲労に着目し，筋疲労を最小限にする改善対策が重要である事が示唆された．This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between childcare activities such as carrying children and diaper changing performed by childcare workers and lower back pain and shoulder stiffness by focusing on the method and frequency of these activities. From May 2010 to July 2010, a survey was conducted among 114 female childcare workers at 11 facilities in Hokkaido and the following results were reported: 1) lower back pain was more common in the group wherein workers carried children less than the average number of times per day; 2) back pain was more common in the group wherein workers carried children with one arm; 3) many subjectswho held children with one arm tended to have shoulder stiffness in both shoulders; 4) with regard to children’s position when childcare workers carried them, no particular relationship was noted between picking up sleeping, sitting or standing children and lower back pain or shoulder stiffness; and 5) lower back pain was more common in the group wherein workers changed diapers less than the average number of times per day and also in the group wherein workers changed diapers on the floor. These results indicate the importance of developing strategiesthat focus on muscle fatigue caused by posture during childcare activities to minimize muscle fatigue as much as possible

ガクセイ ノ ガクシュウ レディネス ノ ジッタイ オヨビ ガクシュウ ノ ドウキズケ ノ ココロミ ト ヒョウカ : ジュギョウ ゼンゴ ノ アンケート チョウサ ケッカ ノ ブンセキ

本研究の目的は、小児保健Ⅰを受講する学生の授業前の学習レディネスの実態を把握し、授業の到達目標を達成するための動機づけとして鑑賞したビデオ「赤ちゃんこのすばらしき生命」の教育効果を評価する事である。授業前後に学生51 名を対象に質問紙調査を行った。その結果、1．乳幼児と関わった経験「あり」の者は98.0％であった。2．乳幼児と関わった機会で最も多かったのは「保育ボランティアで関わった」49.0％であった（複数回答）。3．乳幼児と関わった内容で最も多かったのは「遊び」98.0％、次いで「散歩」56.9％であった（複数回答）。4．ビデオ「赤ちゃんこのすばらしき生命」鑑賞後の感想で最も多かったのは「ためになった」72.5％、次いで「感動した」70.6％であった（複数回答）。5．ビデオ「赤ちゃんこのすばらしき生命」の鑑賞がその後の授業に「役立った」と思う者は88.5％であった。以上の事から、小児保健における授業の動機づけとしてビデオ鑑賞は効果があると評価された。This study aimed to gain an understanding of learning readiness among students taking Child Health I and to evaluate the educational effect of viewing‘ Baby: this wonderful life’, a video that encourages goal achievement. A survey of 51 students conducted before and after the class revealed the following: 1） 98.0％ of the students had experienced engaging with infants; 2） the most common opportunity to engage with infants was‘ as a child-care volunteer’（ 49.0％）（ multiple answers）; 3） the most common way of engaging with infants wa‘s through play’（ 98.0％）, followed by‘ taking a walk’（ 56.9％）（ multiple answers）; 4） the most common feedback given by students after viewing‘ Baby: this wonderful life’ was that they felt it was‘ educational’（ 72.5％）, followed by‘ it was touching’（ 70.6％）（ multiple answers） and 5） 88.5％ of the students felt that viewing the video was ‘beneficial’ for learning in the rest of the class. These results indicate that the viewing of a video is effective in helping to motivate students in Child Health I

Impact of Bevacizumab Being Skipped due to Adverse Events of Special Interest for Bevacizumab in Patients with Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Atezolizumab plus Bevacizumab: An Exploratory Analysis of the Phase III IMbrave150 Study

Introduction: The phase III IMbrave150 study established atezolizumab + bevacizumab as the global standard of care in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This exploratory analysis examined the impact of bevacizumab interruption due to bevacizumab adverse events of special interest (AESIs). Methods: Patients in IMbrave150 who were randomized to atezolizumab + bevacizumab and received treatment for ≥6 months (to reduce immortal time bias) were included in group A-1 if bevacizumab had ever been skipped due to bevacizumab AESIs or to group A-2 otherwise. Efficacy analyses included overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) by whether bevacizumab was skipped (group A-1 vs. A-2). PFS was evaluated per independent review facility (IRF)-assessed Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST) version 1.1 and HCC-modified RECIST (IRF-HCC mRECIST). Safety was also evaluated. Results: Of the 210 patients who received ≥6 months of atezolizumab + bevacizumab, 69 were assigned to group A-1 and 141 to A-2. At data cutoff (August 20, 2020), hazard ratio (HR) for OS was 1.04 (95% CI: 0.64, 1.69) for group A-1 versus A-2. HR for PFS was 1.07 (95% CI: 0.74, 1.55) per IRF-assessed RECIST 1.1 and 1.10 (95% CI: 0.76, 1.59; 15.5 vs. 9.7 months) per IRF-HCC mRECIST for group A-1 versus A-2. Safety profiles for atezolizumab and bevacizumab were largely similar between groups. More group A-1 patients had grade 3/4 adverse events. A separate analysis investigating the impact of immortal time bias in patients who received ≥3 months of atezolizumab + bevacizumab supported the appropriateness of the ≥6-month landmark analysis. Discussion/Conclusion: Efficacy was similar between patients who skipped bevacizumab due to bevacizumab AESIs and those who did not. Although this comparison was nonrandomized and exploratory, results suggest that skipping bevacizumab due to bevacizumab AESIs did not considerably impact the efficacy and safety of atezolizumab + bevacizumab