Part 2. Power Spectral Analysis

Automatic (computer) correlation of geophysical logs is complicated by stratigraphic thickening (or stretch) from one area to another. Previous algorithms compute the stretch with repeated crosscorrelations of the original logs. Program SPECOR presented in this report uses crosscorrelation of the power spectra of the logs to identify the stretch factor between logs in one simplified operation. Computations are performed in the frequency domain with the scequency intervals transformed to a logarithmic scale. Interpolation is required to obtain equally spaced power spectra. Given the stretch, displacement or lag between wells is computed rapidly by correlation processes, without needing to rely on iterative procedures

Improved frequency-domain elastic wave modeling using weighted-averaging difference operators

We develop a new finite-difference scheme that reduces the number of grid points per wavelength required in frequency-domain elastic modeling. Our approach computes weighted averages of the spatial secondorder derivative and the mass acceleration terms using a 25-point computational stencil. By determining the weighting coefficients to minimize numerical dispersion and numerical anisotropy, we reduce the number of grid points to 3.3 per shear wavelength, with a resulting error in velocities smaller than 1%. Our choice of grid points reduces the computer memory needed to store the complex impedance matrix to 4% of that for a conventional second-order scheme and to 54% of that for a combined second-order scheme. The 25-point weighted averaging scheme of this paper makes it possible to accurately simulate realistic models. Numerical examples show that this technique can achieve the same accurate solutions with fewer grid points than those from previous frequency-domain second-order schemes. Our technique can be extended directly to 3-D elastic modeling; the computational efficiency will be even greater than that realized for 2-D models

Footwear Design Crowdsourcing Platform Model For Strengthening Of the Competitiveness Of The Footwear Industry

The volumes of global footwear production and consumption have been steadily increasing. In particular, the income increases of China and Southeast Asian countries have led to the rapid growth of footwear production and consumption in Asia. However, while advanced countries still include footwear business as one of their growth engines, Korea regard it as stagnant or diminishing. However, beyond the category of simple manufacturing, footwear industry involves the integration of highly functional products, parts manufacturing, and marketing business, and includes expertise in the fields of design, materials, and epidemiology. The strengthening of the shoe industry is an important potential driver of the overall economy. The strengthened competiveness of the footwear industry will play an important role in the overall economic growth. Crowdsourcing is an approach that encourages the participation of specific communities or unspecified masses in a company’s production, service, or problem-solving processes to increase efficiency. To this end, this paper suggests the crowdsourcing platform model built through the integration of footwear design and IT for the ultimate enhancement of the competitiveness of the Korean footwear industry. Following this paper, a study about the practical development, application, and active use of such platform needs to be conducted. One limitation of this study is that the platform is yet to be developed or applied. Future research should focus on developing an actual platform and further studies in its application and vitalization

Pt/Ti/Al2O3/Al tunnel junctions showing electroforming-free bipolar resistive switching behavior

We investigated electroforming-free bipolar resistive switching behavior in Pt/Ti/Al2O3/Al tunnel junctions where the Al2O3 tunnel barrier was naturally formed on Al in air. Various compliance current values for the junction's set switching successfully lead to various resistance values in its low resistance state, suggesting the possibility for multi-level-operation. A mechanism for the bipolar switching is qualitatively discussed in terms of the modulation of the tunnel barrier by the reactive Ti layer on top of the barrier

Correlation of photoluminescent quantum efficiency and device characteristics for the soluble electrophosphorescent light emitter with interfacial layers

We have investigated the effects of interfacial layers on the properties of soluble phosphorescent organic light emitting devices. Two kinds of polyfluorene-based interfacial layer materials have been studied; both were spin coated on top of PEDOT:PSS to form the insoluble layers by thermal annealing. The molecular-doped, phosphorescent light emitting layer comprising a polymeric host, small molecular host, and guest molecule was fabricated onto the thin interfacial layer. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of these layers was measured with an integrating sphere. We have calculated the PLQY values of the single phosphorescent light emitting layer and various organic multilayers incorporating the interfacial layers, showing that a reduction in PLQY due to the interfacial quenching is more significant in the thicker interfacial layer structures. In spite of the decrease in PLQY induced by the triplet energy mismatch, polyfluorene-based interfacial layers improved the charge injection from PEDOT:PSS to the emitting layer, which results in the enhanced brightness and current. The triplet quenching by the interfacial layer could explain the reduction in luminous efficiency of the devices compared to the reference. This was also investigated by studying the charge carrier trapping, change in the spectral characteristics induced by the shift in the emission zone, and the analysis on the carrier balance of devices.This research was supported by the Seoul R&BD support program (CR070048) and SystemIC2010 project, Ministry of Knowledge Economy, Korea

Changes in Fire Weather Climatology Under 1.5 ◦C and 2.0 ◦C Warming

The 2015 Paris Agreement led to a number of studies that assessed the impact of the 1.5 ◦C and 2.0 ◦C increases in global temperature over preindustrial levels. However, those assessments have not actively investigated the impact of these levels of warming on fire weather. In view of a recent series of high-profile wildfire events worldwide, we access fire weather sensitivity based on a set of multi-model large ensemble climate simulations for these low-emission scenarios. The results indicate that the half degree difference between these two thresholds may lead to a significantly increased hazard of wildfire in certain parts of the world, particularly the Amazon, African savanna and Mediterranean. Although further experiments focused on human land use are needed to depict future fire activity, considering that rising temperatures are the most influential factor in augmenting the danger of fire weather, limiting global warming to 1.5 ◦C would alleviate some risk in these parts of the world

The Hair Growth-Promoting Effect of Rumex japonicus

Rumex japonicus Houtt. is traditionally used as a medicinal plant to treat patients suffering from skin disease in Korea. However, the beneficial effect of Rumex japonicus Houtt. on hair growth has not been thoroughly examined. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the hair growth-promoting effect of Rumex japonicus (RJ) Houtt. root extract using human dermal papilla cells (DPCs), HaCaT cells, and C57BL/6 mice model. RJ induced antiapoptotic and proliferative effects on DPCs and HaCaT cells by increasing Bcl-2/Bax ratio and activating cellular proliferation-related proteins, ERK and Akt. RJ also increased β-catenin via the inhibition of GSK-3β. In C57BL/6 mice model, RJ promoted the anagen induction and maintained its period. Immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated that RJ upregulated Ki-67 and β-catenin expressions, suggesting that the hair growth effect of RJ may be mediated through the reinforcement of hair cell proliferation. These results provided important insights for the possible mechanism of action of RJ and its potential as therapeutic agent to promote hair growth

DJ-1 Null Dopaminergic Neuronal Cells Exhibit Defects in Mitochondrial Function and Structure: Involvement of Mitochondrial Complex I Assembly

DJ-1 is a Parkinson's disease-associated gene whose protein product has a protective role in cellular homeostasis by removing cytosolic reactive oxygen species and maintaining mitochondrial function. However, it is not clear how DJ-1 regulates mitochondrial function and why mitochondrial dysfunction is induced by DJ-1 deficiency. In a previous study we showed that DJ-1 null dopaminergic neuronal cells exhibit defective mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I activity. In the present article we investigated the role of DJ-1 in complex I formation by using blue native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 2-dimensional gel analysis to assess native complex status. On the basis of these experiments, we concluded that DJ-1 null cells have a defect in the assembly of complex I. Concomitant with abnormal complex I formation, DJ-1 null cells show defective supercomplex formation. It is known that aberrant formation of the supercomplex impairs the flow of electrons through the channels between respiratory chain complexes, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction. We took two approaches to study these mitochondrial defects. The first approach assessed the structural defect by using both confocal microscopy with MitoTracker staining and electron microscopy. The second approach assessed the functional defect by measuring ATP production, O2 consumption, and mitochondrial membrane potential. Finally, we showed that the assembly defect as well as the structural and functional abnormalities in DJ-1 null cells could be reversed by adenovirus-mediated overexpression of DJ-1, demonstrating the specificity of DJ-1 on these mitochondrial properties. These mitochondrial defects induced by DJ-1mutation may be a pathological mechanism for the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease