Approaches of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation Towards Freedom of Expression and Freedom of Assembly

The paper consists of seven sections describing the Constitutional Court's practice in respect of freedom of expression and freedom of assembly issues. The matters covered by the paper includes challenges of the constitutionality of laws forbidding civil servants to give public statements, regulation of religious organisations public events, regulation of restricted urban areas where freedom of assembly is limited, the content-based restrictions in respect of LGBT-speech

Data-Driven Self-Tuning in a Coordination Programming Language

Coordination programming is a paradigm for managing composition, communication, and synchronisation of concurrent components. AstraKahn is a new dataflow coordination language based on Gilles Kahn’s model of process network with some significant refinements. AstraKahn provides a mechanism of implicit data parallelism that is expected to rely on self-tuning, i.e. adaptive optimisation of execution parameters in order to improve the performance of the program. This is achieved by providing a programmer with a number of special network primitives that allow an AstraKahn runtime system to extract optimisation parameters and adjust them while monitoring the performance of execution. In this thesis, we present the architecture of an AstraKahn prototype including a compiler and a runtime system. On the runtime system level the built-in compound network primitives are constructed from simple ones. This approach allows us to make the implementation clear and easily extensible. As a minor contribution we present a number of potential self-tuning heuristics for a simple network pattern. Also, for illustrative purposes, a practical application of the morphism pattern is presented. The particle-in-cell problem, whose parallelisation requires load-balancing, is formulated this way

Nanostructuring of Surface Layer of 1.3505 Steel By Wedge Cylindrical Tool

This paper discusses the issues of normal load during burnishing by a wedge cylindrical tool that influences the surface hardening of the 1.3505 steel according to the criteria of microhardness and thickness of nanostructured layer. It has been established that burnishing with a normal force of 200 and 250 N provides formation of a nanostructured layer with a 4,3…5,5 µm thickness and a maximum microhardness of 1120…1170 HV0,05.     Keywords: nanostructure, surface layer, hardening, burnishing, wedge cylindrical tool, bearing steel

Expressive means in Juan José Millás’s “El desorden de tu nombre” in the perspective of translation

The subject of study are the expressive means, semantic features and correlations between the compared languages in translation of the literary text. In the system-structural and typological sense, the comparison of ways to express linguistic and extralinguistic situations is performed based on the material of three dissimilar languages, while typological and lexical-semantic similarities and differences are verified with the assistance of the categories of equivalence and adequacy, major categories in theory and practice of translation. System-structural studies on the material of two or more languages are of practical importance for the development of comparative typology of languages, the translation theory and linguistics in general, which provides for the novelty of the research. The objective of research is detection of typological similarities, differences, symmetry and asymmetry in functioning of expressive means, such as metaphors, in sense of translation of literary text from Spanish to English, Italian and Russian. The novelty of the research is work conducted on the base of four dissimilar languages. The methods to be applied in the course of the research are, from one side, observation, analysis, classification; from the other side, descriptive, structural, comparative analysis and analysis of translational equivalence

Antennas and beam-steering arrays for polarization diversity and full-duplex applications

This thesis presents new designs for polarization diverse dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) as well as antennas that can offer efficient full-duplex (FD) functionality. Basically, this research effort has been completed to meet the demands of modern tracking systems as well as in-band full-duplex communication systems. For these applications antenna polarization control, compatibility, co-location, and isolation are the important parameters to support these high-performance systems. The first part of the thesis covers the challenges of modern radio frequency (RF) environments where the proposed polarization reconfigurable antennas are introduced. At first, a multi-port DRA is outlined as a possible candidate for the global positioning system (GPS) and the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). To further advance this original design, and in an effort to reduce the size whilst maintaining polarization control, an integrated circuit was also proposed and tested. Advancing from the research work of phase polarization control using DRAs, the second part of the thesis studies other new antennas which are suitable for FD communications. Those antennas offer high isolation which makes the signal recoverable for those FD systems. To advance the state-of-the-art, an H-shaped slot antenna arrangement with parasitic patches and dual-differential feeding was proposed. The antenna architecture was investigated with both external and integrated feed systems and both prototypes offer high isolation levels. The single-element was further integrated into a 1×4 antenna array which was shown to offer similar isolation levels and with the capability to beam steer. Further research included high isolation antennas for operation in the 5G mm-wave band. In particular, a new FD pattern reconfigurable antenna was proposed which can be used in dual-polarized radars and other FD systems. Depending on the input phase excitation, the beam pattern control can be established with sum or difference patterns or both. Also, the antenna concept was further extended into a novel FD antenna array. This array has a similar common and/or differential feeding which can provide sum or difference patterns in the far-field. Also, an external Butler matrix was used to investigate the beam-steering capabilities of the array. These antenna systems also have applications for dual-polarized radars, retro-directive arrays, and other beam-tracking scenarios which require high inter-port isolation.James Watt Scholarshi