Fatores sociais e freqüência de empréstimos do português no japonês falado pelos imigrantes no Brasil - o caso do distrito federal

This study deals with lexical borrowing as one of the most crucial characteristics observed in the spoken language of the isseis in Brasil, a phenomenon that appears in the initial stages oflinguistic contact. The data for this study was collected in the form ofinterviews with isseis, and the area ofstudy was the Federal District. The objective was to gain insight into the integration between social factors and frequency of borrowing. This study presents statistical data for frequency of borrowing in light of social factors.Neste estudo, tratamos o empréstimo lexical como uma das características mais marcantes observadas na língua falada dos isseis no Brasil, fenômeno que surge no estágio inicial do contato lingüístico. Para a pesquisa de campo do presente estudo, que foi realizada em forma de entrevista com isseis, foi escolhido o Distrito Federal. Com o objetivo de apreender acerca da interação entre os fatores sociais e freqüência, apresentamos um levantamento estatístico da freqüência de uso dos empréstimos à luz de fatores sociais

ブンカ コウドウ ト シテ ノ シカク ケンテイ ジュケン ダンジョベツ ニ ミル ジュケン コウドウ

本稿では職業資格の受験行動の規定要因を探る。社会学分野では、教育資格＝学歴については階層性や社会的地位獲得手段としての性格が実証的に研究されてきたが、職業資格＝いわゆる一般的な「資格」（国家資格、民間検定など）についての実証的・経験的な研究蓄積は乏しい。分析にはSSP-I 2010データを使用した。従属変数は「資格や検定試験などを受験する」という項目であり、受験行動の頻度を尋ねたものである。独立変数には社会的属性に加え「資格活用志向」、「文化行動志向」という変数も作成して用いた。また、教育資格では男女で獲得の意味付けに違いがあると指摘されており、職業資格についても同様の性差が存在すると推測されるため、男女別にデータを分けて分析した。分析の結果、受験行動の規定要因は男女で大きな差の生じている部分と、共通する部分とが存在していた。特筆すべきは学歴と文化行動志向の関係である。文化行動志向は男女とも大きな正の効果を示し、職業資格の受験には文化行動としての側面があり、「文化資格」という類型の存在が示唆された。一方、基本モデルにおいて男性では学歴に効果がなく、女性では高等学歴に正の効果が表れていた。しかし文化行動志向を投入した拡張モデルでは、男性では高等学歴に負の効果が出現したのに対し、女性では逆に高等学歴の正の効果が消滅し、性別による学歴と資格の複雑な関係が示された。The purpose of this study is to analyze the taking of credential examinations using multivariate analyses, with SSP-I2010 data. In the field of sociology, “educational credentials” (educational background) has been empirically studied for its character as a hierarchy or means to achieve social status. However, there are only a few empirical accumulations about “occupational credentials”(what are called national or official qualifications). First, we used a question item which included the frequency of taking examinations as a dependent variable. Next, we created the variables "practical orientation to the use of credentials" and "orientation to high-cultural behaviors", and applied them to the independent variable, in addition to social attributes. Moreover, previous studies point out that differences regarding the significance of educational background have arisen according to gender. Since it was surmised that attitudes to occupational credentials might also have similar gender differences, we divided the data according to gender. As results of the analyses, it became clear that the regulative factors for taking credential examinations were that in some areas the main difference was gender, while in other parts a common mechanism exists. The relation between educational background and orientation to high-cultural behaviors is the most remarkable outcome. In both cases, male and female, a strong positive effect with orientation to high-cultural behaviors was shown. This result suggests that a new type of credential, "cultural credential", exists. On the other hand, in the basic model, with male data, educational background had no effect, but the female data showed that having higher education had a positive effect. However, the complicated relations between gender, educational background, and credential examinations arose from the extended model to which orientation to high-cultural behaviors was applied. While the negative effect of having higher education appeared with male data, its positive effect with female data disappeared conversely