The Evolving Innovation Space : Variety of Innovations, Actors, Activities and Diffusion Mechanisms

New societal challenges are setting growing demands for innovation policy on both international and national levels. To address societal challenges and create sustainable change, in addition to achieving economic benefits, it is important to recognize that the innovation space is evolving and getting more complex. This chapter considers how the understanding of the innovation space has evolved from the 1990s to today by using the definition of innovation and its related concepts in four editions of the Oslo Manual (OM) published by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) between 1992 and 2018. The topic of evolving innovation space is studied in three dimensions: 1) variety of innovations; 2) innovation actors and activities; and 3) innovation diffusion and spillovers. The analysis of the OM shows that the policy understanding of innovation has evolved from technological and manufacturing innovations to cover almost all areas of society, including the central role of users and customers in innovation processes. In addition, innovation diffusion has shifted from being viewed as a purely commercial process to include non-commercial processes. As a result, the OM can also be viewed as a means for charting the evolution of the innovation space and understanding how innovation activities can be measured.©2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH. All Rights Reserved.fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed

Evaluating Inclusion as a Multidimensional Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Objective

Inclusion, as an increasingly important science, technology and innovation (STI) policy objective, is seen as a key to global sustainable innovation. Yet the concept’s usage in both practitioner, policy and research language is often fuzzy. Inclusion is used in wide variety of contexts, not just those that have been traditionally associated with the concept such as marginalized groups and communities. The objective of this chapter is to unpack different dimensions of inclusion as an STI policy objective and as an object of evaluation in an increasingly complex innovation space. The chapter presents a schematic conceptual framework of the different approaches that can be used to steer evaluation practice. It also maps future research directions for evaluating inclusion.© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH. All Rights Reserved.fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed

What Do We Know about Innovation Policy?

This chapter reviews developments in both theory and practice across the different generations of science, technology and innovation (STI) policy with the aim to provide an overview of the growing STI literature and characterize the current status of STI policy. It shows that over time innovation policy has witnessed a cross-generational shift from a ‘too simple’ to a ‘too complex’ conceptualization of the innovation process. The chapter goes on to describe governance, coordination and change management challenges inherent in the design and implementation of transformative innovation policy and their implications for policy evaluation and impact assessment. Finally, it then moves on to review approaches characterizing impact evaluation in the three generations of innovation policies while paying specific attention to the evolutionary nature of innovation policy development and the co-existence of the three generations in contemporary evaluation practice.© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH. All rights reserved.fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed

Measurement framework for assessing disruptive innovations

Assessing potential disruptiveness of innovations is an important but challenging task for incumbents. However, the extant literature focuses only on technological and marketplace aspects, and most of the documented methods tend to be case specific. In this study, we present a multidimensional measurement framework to assess the disruptive potential of product innovations. The framework is designed based on the concept that the nature of disruptive innovations is multidimensional. Three aspects are considered, i.e., technological features, marketplace dynamics and external environment. Ten indicators of the three categories are proposed and then connected based on the conceptual and literature analysis. Three innovations, namely, WeChat (successful), Modularised Mobile Phone (failed) and Virtual Reality/Augmented Reality (ongoing), are selected as case studies. A panel of industrial experts with PhD degree in engineering is surveyed. The survey results are calculated and analysed according to the framework and then compared against the developments of the innovations. We also check the robustness of this framework by surveying other groups of people, and the results are nearly identical to the previous findings. This study enables a systematic assessment of disruptive potential of innovations using the framework, providing insights for decisions in product launch and resource allocation.fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed

Consumer innovation in Finland : incidence, diffusion and policy implications

fi=vertaisarvioimaton|en=nonPeerReviewed

Ojitettujen suomaiden sekä kosteikkojen vettäminen ja ennallistaminen uusin menetelmin

Raportti käsittelee ojitettujen suomaiden ja kosteikkojen ennallistamista sekä niiden vettämistä uusilla menetelmillä. Se tarkastelee turvealan yritysten nykytilannetta ja työllisyystilannetta Suomessa sekä erityisesti Satakunnassa. Raportti sisältää tietoa soiden ennallistamisen potentiaalista ja kustannuksista, sekä niihin liittyvän teknologian pilotoinnista. Lisäksi raportti käsittelee ilmastoneutraaliuteen ja luonnon monimuotoisuuden suojeluun liittyviä tavoitteita ja strategioita, kuten EU:n ennallistamisasetusta ja Suomen biodiversiteettistrategiaa. Raportin lopussa on turveyrittäjien haastattelut. Raportin tavoitteena on löytää kestäviä ratkaisuja turvealan haasteisiin antamalla kokonaiskuvan alan tilanteesta ja tulevaisuuden näkymistä

Generation of a human induced pluripotent stem cell line from a patient with a rare A673T variant in amyloid precursor protein gene that reduces the risk for Alzheimer's disease

An amyloid precursor protein (APP) A673T mutation was found to be protective against Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cognitive decline in the Icelandic population and to associate with decreased levels of plasma β-amyloid in a Finnish population-based cohort. Human fibroblasts from a Finnish male individual carrying the protective mutation were used to generate integration-free induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSCs) line by Sendai virus technology. The iPSC line retained the mutation and expressed pluripotency markers, had a normal karyotype and differentiated into all three germ layers.Peer reviewe

Generation of a human induced pluripotent stem cell line (UEFi003-A) carrying heterozygous A673T variant in amyloid precursor protein associated with a reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease

A673T mutation in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a rare variant associated with a reduced risk of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) and age-related cognitive decline. The A673T mutation decreases beta-amyloid (A beta) production and aggregation in neuronal cultures in vitro. Here we have identified a Finnish non-diseased male individual carrying a heterozygous A673T mutation, obtained a skin biopsy sample from him, and generated an iPSC line using commercially available integration-free Sendai virus-based kit. The established iPSC line retained the mutation, expressed pluripotency markers, had a normal karyotype, and differentiated into all three germ layers in vitro.Peer reviewe

Can processes make relationships work? The Triple Helix between structure and action

This contribution seeks to explore how complex adaptive theory can be applied at the conceptual level to unpack Triple Helix models. We use two cases to examine this issue – the Finnish Strategic Centres for Science, Technology & Innovation (SHOKs) and the Canadian Business-led Networks of Centres of Excellence (BL-NCE). Both types of centres are organisational structures that aspire to be business-led, with a considerable portion of their activities driven by (industrial) users’ interests and requirements. Reflecting on the centres’ activities along three dimensions – knowledge generation, consensus building and innovation – we contend that conceptualising the Triple Helix from a process perspective will improve the dialogue between stakeholders and shareholders