Biomimetic Photodiode Device with Large Photocurrent Response Using Photosynthetic Pigment-protein Complexes

Efficient light to energy conversion was demonstrated in solid-state, lateral photodiodes device containing photosynthetic light-harvesting chlorophyll protein complexes as active materials. The device exhibits the highest reported photocurrent density response of 365 µA/cm2 when illuminated at 320 mW/cm2 radiation source power. The photocurrent response was stabled over 104 s of continuous cycles of dark and illumination states. The short rise and decay time of the photocurrent waveform within sub-second range indicates an effective photogeneration and charge extraction within the device. Optical bandgap extraction using absorption coefficient method reveals that the energy gap of the active materials ranges from 2.8 to 3.8 eV, correspond to the Photosystem I and Photosystem II of the photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes

Pengaruh Dosis Implantasi Ion Nitrogen pada Sifat Kapasitansi Polimer Pvdf dan Pvdf-hfp

Material berdensitas energi elektrik tinggi sebagai bahan dielektrik kapasitor sangat diperlukan dalam industri bidang elektronika. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah mengkarakterisasi dan menganalisis polimer PVDF( Poly vinylidene fluorde) dan PVDF-HFP (Poly vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropene) sebelum dan sesudah diimplan ion nitrogen. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan ialah menyiapkan sampel lapisan tipis Polimer PVDFdan PVDF-HFP kemudian diimplan menggunakan ion nitrogen pada dosis 4,69 x 1016 ion/cm2 hingga 1,41 x 1018 ion/cm2 pada energi 10 keV. Selanjutnya nilai kapasitansi, faktor disipasi dan kekuatan dielektrik sampel dikarakterisasi menggunakan LCR meter GW-Instek 800. Morfologi dan ikatan struktur dari sampel dikarakterisasi menggunakan SEM dan FTIR. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan nilai kapasitansi sebesar 4,3 kali pada polimer PVDF dan 1,4 kali pada polimer PVDF-HPF. Peningkatan nilai kapasitansi disebabkan bertambahnya ikatan rangkap C=C pada PVDF dan PVDF-HFP yang diimplan ion nitrogen. Hal tersebut dibuktikan dari hasil karakterisasi FTIR dan SEM. Namun demikian nilai kekuatan dielektrik mengalami penurunan akibat semakin konduktifnya polimer PVDF dan PVDF-HPF. Untuk sampel PVDF ada kapasitansi optimum dicapai pada dosis 9,38 x 1017 ion/cm2 sedangkan untuk sampel PVDF-HFP diatas dosis tersebut memperlihatkan gejala saturasi. Nilai kapasitansi optimal diperoleh berturut-turut sebesar 0,089483 nF, faktor disipasi 0,129613 % pada polimer PVDF dan 0,134889 nF, faktor disipasi 0,09784 % untuk polimer PVDF-HFP

Deteksi Mutan Kentang Hitam Hasil Radiasi Sinar Γ Menggunakan Marka ISSR Dan RAPD

Umbi kentang hitam [Plectranthus rotundifolius (Poir.) Spreng.] merupakan salah satu sumber pangan alternatif bagi sebagian masyarakat Indonesia. Namun, rendahnya keragaman genetik kentang hitam menjadi kendala dalam perakitan varietas unggul. Pemuliaan tanaman dengan cara mutasi antara lain dengan iradiasi sinar γ diharapkan dapat meningkatkan keragaman genetik kentang hitam. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Bulan Januari - November 2010 di Laboratorium Genetika Tumbuhan, PusatPenelitian Biologi LIPI. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeteksi mutan kentang hitam hasil radiasi sinar γ pada dosis 6, 25, dan 35 gray dengan menggunakan marka ISSR dan RAPD. Lima belas primer ISSR dan RAPD digunakan untuk mengamplifikasi genom DNA total. Di antara ke-15 primer tersebut, hanya empat primer yang menghasilkan pita-pita polimorfik untuk mendeteksi mutan hasil mutasi pada konsentrasi 25 gray yaitu (OPA 13, OPA 18, OPB 18, dan UBC 834) pada aksesi 1#10; 11.3#4; 11.3#5, dan 2.10#8 dan hanya tiga primer yang mampu mendeteksi mutan pada konsentrasi 35 gray (OPA 13, OPB 18, dan UBC 807) pada aksesi 4.10#2, 4.10#1, 4.10#4, 4.10#3, 4.10#5, dan 33d.1#3. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa marka ISSR dan RAPD dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi mutan pada kentang hitam

Cigarette consumption and nutrient intake in Indonesia: study of cigarette-consuming households.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the impact of cigarette consumption on household's nutrition adequacy (NA). This study also examines the opportunity cost of cigarette expenditure to children's nutritional adequacy. METHODS: We used an Indonesian cross-sectional household level nationwide data of 2018 National Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS). Using multivariate Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression, we estimated the impact of cigarette consumption on household's NA as defined by household protein and energy intakes. With the same specification, we further ran a segregated OLS regression by household quintile expenditure. While the opportunity cost of cigarette consumption to children's nutrition adequacy defined the estimated forgone nutrition due to cigarette consumption by following the Ministry of Health (MOH) definition of Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for children aged 4 - 6. RESULTS: Cigarette consumption decreases household's protein and energy intakes. We found statistically significant correlation between household's cigarette consumption and household's per capita protein intake while no statistically significant correlation on energy intake. Furthermore, the segregated estimate is significant for both protein and energy intakes among 60% lowest household quintile expenditure groups. The lower the quintile expenditure, the higher the decline in household NA due to cigarette consumption. With the average cigarette expenditure of IDR12,956 per household per day, giving up daily cigarette spending could meet children's energy intake by 27% - 85,4% of RDA and protein intake by 180.12% - 300.48% of RDA. CONCLUSION: Household cigarette consumption has negative impact on household's daily energy and protein intakes. The poorest group is most vulnerable to nutrition inadequacy due to cigarette consumption. Giving up household's cigarette expenditure daily could result in a substantial nutrition gain for children at their critical growth stages

Rehabilitasi Desain Bendung Tukuman Kali Dengkeng Cawas Kabupaten Klaten– Jawa Tengah

Tukuman Weir is a weir of Dengkeng Cawas River, Klaten Regency, Central Java. This weir got a severe damage due to the excessive discharge in December 1989. This caused the people around the weir irrigated their field by free intake. The problems discussed in this paper are 1) the damage of the weir overflow, and 2) the damage of the tail water. The aim of the research is to maximize the flow of water into the irrigation network that the need of irrigation water can be met properly to increase the income of farmers each year. This research uses the latest data which then is processed by using hydrological analysis as the basic of the next planning. Watershed (DAS) of Dengkeng River is 101, 157 km2 in large, with three rain stations: Gantiwarno, Kemudo and Ngelo. The calculation of flood discharge plan uses several methods. The chosen discharge is the result of the calculation using HSS Gama I method with return period of 100 years, then continued with Qdesign=110 m3/sec. The large of the irrigation area of Tukuman weir is 150 hectares, with 0.22 m3/sec water need. From the result of the balance sheet analysis, the need of water irrigation is fulfilled, even it is a surplus. The rehabilitation concept is combining the fixed and barrage, but keeping the elevation of the old weir overflow. The redesign of the weir dimension with the fixed weir, the elevation height of the overflow is +102.02 m.dpl, rounded overflow with effective width of 7.75 m. While for the motion overflow, the overflow elevation is +99.7 m.dpl as planned, with 5 doors and effective width of each is 2.5 m. the length of the floor to the weir face is 10.5 m as planned, and the tail water of USBR type III is chosen. The cost of the weir rehabilitation is Rp. 3,241,000,000 with time estimation is 20 weeks. Based on the calculation, it is obtained that there is surplus on the water need that might be considered using it for other needs, for instance, enlarging the irrigation area or fulfilling drinking water needs

Behind the Hospital Ward: In-Hospital Mortality of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Indonesia (Analysis of National Health Insurance Claim Sample Data)

The rising global prevalence of diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disorder, poses significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. This study examined in-hospital mortality among patients diagnosed with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) of ICD-10, or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), in Indonesia, utilizing hospital claims data spanning from 2017 to 2022 obtained from the Indonesia Health Social Security Agency or Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) Kesehatan. The analysis, which included 610,809 hospitalized T2DM patients, revealed an in-hospital mortality rate of 6.6%. Factors contributing to an elevated risk of mortality included advanced age, the presence of comorbidities, and severe complications. Additionally, patients receiving health subsidies and those treated in government hospitals were found to have higher mortality risks. Geographic disparities were observed, highlighting variations in healthcare outcomes across different regions. Notably, the complication of ketoacidosis emerged as the most significant risk factor for in-hospital mortality, with an odds ratio (OR) of 10.86, underscoring the critical need for prompt intervention and thorough management of complications to improve patient outcomes

Density of tobacco advertising around schools

BACKGROUND: Indonesia has the second highest smoking prevalence among adult males in the world, with over 61.4 million current smokers. However, there is no national regulation on outdoor tobacco advertising. OBJECTIVE: >To assess the density of outdoor tobacco advertising around schools in Semarang City, Indonesia. METHODS: We conducted geospatial analyses using buffer and hotspot analyses based on advertising and school data in ArcMap 10.6. We statistically tested the significance of different densities, including between 100 m and 100–300-m buffers from schools using Stata 15.1. RESULTS: We found a total of 3453 tobacco advertisements, of which 3026 (87%) were at least medium in size (1.3 m x l.9 m), and 2556 (74%) were within 300 m of schools. We also found hotspots with a 45% higher density of adverts within 100 m of schools (compared to within 100–300 m). A total of 378 schools (39%) were in these advertising hotspots. CONCLUSION: There was high density of outdoor tobacco advertising, with significant clusters in close proximity to schools in Semarang City. The policy implications of this are discussed

Genetic enhancement of resistance to foliar diseases

Rust and Late leaf spot are among the most destructive and widespread diseases of groundnut. Cultivation of resistant varieties is economically most viable and environmentally sound strategy. Germplasm with high level of resistance is available in cultivated and/or related wild species. In spite of innumerable attempts, breeding has met with limited success in combining resistance with yield, crop quality and adaptation. The modern tool of Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) is expected to improve the speed and precision of resistance breeding. The progress and challenges in the application of molecular markers in breeding for resistance to foliar diseases will be discussed

Investigation of dosimetry in four human head models for planar monopole antenna with a coupling feed for LTE/WWAN/WLAN internal mobile phone

The objective of the present study is to evaluate the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) within the human head model exposed to the radiation of planar monopole antenna with T-shaped coupling feed and an inductive shorting strip. The presented design has a compact structure, a planar configuration and occupying a small size of 36×20mm2. Two wide bands can be generated by the proposed antenna 546 MHz (734-1280 MHz) and 1066 MHz (1934-3000 MHz) for the LTE/WWAN/WLAN internal mobile phone. The antenna performance parameters comprising return loss, radiation patterns, and gain are discussed. In this research work four different human head models have been implemented: homogenous spherical head, spherical seven layer model, Specific Anthropomorphic Mannequin (SAM) phantom and HUGO human head model. On the other hand the effects of operating frequency and gap distance between the mobile phone antenna and the human head model on distributions of the SAR inside the human head are investigated. All the simulations are done for three different distances between the antenna and the head model (5 mm, 10 mm and 20 mm). Moreover, the SAR levels for the head tissues are calculated in accordance to the two currently accepted standards: Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP)

Fabrication of arrays of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) nanodots via block copolymer self-assembly

This Article presents a simple methodology for the fabrication of two-dimensional arrays of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) nanodots on n-doped Si substrates via the directed self-assembly of PS-b-PEO block copolymer templates. The approach produces highly ordered PZT nanodot patterns, with lateral widths and heights as small as 20 and 10 nm, respectively, and a coverage density as high as ∼68 × 109 nanodots cm–2. The existence of a perovskite phase in the nanodots was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The piezo-amplitude and ferroelectric domain response obtained from the nanodots, through piezoresponse force microscopy, confirmed the presence of ferroelectricity in the PZT arrays. Notably, PZT nanodots with a thickness ∼10 nm, which is close to the critical size limit of PZT, showed ferroelectric behavior. The presence of a multi-a/c domain structure in the nanodots was attributed to their polycrystalline nature