Virulensi Fusarium Oxysporum F.sp. Zingiberi Isolat Boyolali dan Temanggung Setelah Disimpan Enam Tahun dalam Tanah Steril

This research aimed to study growth ability and virulence of several Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. zingiberi isolates originated from Boyolali and Temanggung after being preserved for six years in sterile soils media. Completely Randomized Design was used with 12 treatments and 3 replications. F. oxysporum f.sp. zingiberi originated from Temanggung consisted of 7 isolates, i.e., TKO1, TKO3, TKO4, TKO6, TKO7, TPO1, TPO5; and from Boyolali consisted of 4 isolates, i.e., BAO2, BAO7, BAC, and BAP. Variables observed were growth on PDA, colony color, colony diameter, macroconidia and microconidia, mycelial dry weight, incubation period, attack area, and difference of fresh weight of rhizome. The result showed that all isolates of F. oxysporum f.sp. zingiberi both from Temanggung and Boyolali were able to grow well on PDA and fully covered the Petridish at 4.75–7.5 days. The most virulent isolate was TKO6 from Temanggung showing the fastest incubation period of 5 days after inoculation and the highest attack area of 420 mm2 or increase for 107.6%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui viabilitas dan virulensi beberapa isolat Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. zingiberi setelah disimpan selama enam tahun pada tanah steril. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan tiga ulangan dan 12 perlakuan. Isolat F. oxysporum f.sp. zingiberi yang digunakan asal Temanggung terdiri atas tujuh isolat, yaitu TKO1, TKO3, TKO4, TKO6, TKO7, TPO1, dan TPO5; asal Boyolali terdiri atas empat isolat, yaitu BAO2, BAO7, BAC, dan BAP. Parameter yang diamati adalah pertumbuhan isolat pada medium PDA, warna koloni, diameter koloni, makrokonidium dan mikrokonidium, berat kering miselium, masa inkubasi, luas serangan, dan selisih berat basah rimpang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua isolat F. oxysporum f.sp. zingiberi asal Temanggung dan Boyolali, yang telah disimpan dalam medium tanah steril selama enam tahun, masih tumbuh de-ngan baik pada medium PDA dan memenuhi cawan Petri pada umur 4,75–7,5 hari. Isolat yang paling virulen adalah TKO6 asal Temanggung dengan masa inkubasi tercepat yaitu 5 hari setelah inokulasi dan luas serangan pada rimpang sebesar 420 mm2 atau ada peningkatan sampai 107,6

Doe Productivity of Boerawa Goat on Rural Condition

Abstract. This research was carried out at Gisting sub-District, Tanggamus Regency, in order to find out doe productivity of Boerawa goat on rural on condition. This research involved 120 doe Boerawa goat housed in elevated barns. Measurements were performed to evaluate the litter size, birth weight, weight at weaning, and pre-weaning mortality. The results of the present research showed that birth weight of the kids was 3.10 kg and 2.94 kg for male and female, respectively. The average birth weight was based on the type of birth 3.20 kg and 3.04 kg for the single versus twin born kids. It was documented that the average weight at weaning of the kids were 17.12 kg and 16.23 kg for male and female, respectively. Whereas based on birth type, the average weight was of the single born kids and the twin at weaning were 17.30 versus 16.63 kg. In addition, doe reproduction index was 2.36 weaned kids/year, and the average doe productivity was 41.52 kg. Keywords: Boerawa goat, doe productivity, rural condition. Abstrak.  Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kecamatan Gisting Kabupaten Tanggamus, dalam rangka untuk mengetahui produktivitas induk kambing Boerawa pada kondisi pedesaan. Penelitian ini melibatkan 120 induk kambing Boerawa yang dipelihara di kandang panggung. Pengukuran dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi ukuran jumlah cempe sekelahiran, bobot lahir, bobot sapih, dan kematian pra-sapih. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa bobot lahir cempe adalah 3,10 kg dan 2,94 kg (masing-masing untuk jantan dan betina). Bobot lahir rata-rata didasarkan pada tipe kelahiran tunggal dan kembar adalah masing-masing 3.20 kg dan 3,04 kg. Diperoleh hasil bahwa bobot sapih adalah 17,12 kg dan 16,23 kg (masing-masing untuk jantan dan betina). Sedangkan berdasarkan tipe kelahiran, bobot sapih rata-rata dari tipe kelahiran tunggal dan kembar adalah 17.30 dan 16.63 kg. Selain itu, indeks reproduksi induk sebesar 2,36 cempe sapihan/tahun, dan produktivitas induk rata-rata adalah 41,52 kg. Kata kunci: Kambing Boerawa, produktivitas induk , kondisi pedesaan.K Adhianto et al./Animal Production 15(1):31-39, January 201

Tenderness and the Calpain System of Three Different Types of Muscles of Kejobong Does Under Two Different Energy Levels

. The purpose of research was to investigate whether there was influence of the addition of concentrates in basal feed on meat tenderness and calpastatin and calpain activities of three muscles of Kejobong does. A total of 20 heads of Kejobong does (2.0-2.5 years) with initial live weight range between 23.8-24.2 kg was studied and randomly set in two kinds of feed treatment, ie basal feed (p0) and basal feed plus concentrates (p1). Two kinds of feed were given to Kejobong doe for 12 weeks. The observed variables were (1) tenderness of meat, (2) calpain activity (m-calpain activity and the activity of m-calpain), and (3) calpastatin activity. Data were processed using the General Linear Model Univariate procedure and Pearson Bivariate Correlation of the SPSS program. Results showed that feeding (basal feed and basal feed plus concentrates) significantly affected meat tenderness of Kejobong doe. The types of muscles had highly significant effect on tenderness. Feeds affected m-calpain activity, m-calpain activity, and calpastatin activity in the muscles. Types of muscles exhibited variation in the activity of m-calpain, the activity of m-calpain, and calpastatin activity. In conclusion, the addition of concentrates in the basal feed increased meat tenderness, and affected the activity of m-calpain, m-calpain, and calpastatin

Physicochemical Characteristics Identification and Secondary Metabolite Analysis of Solid Herbal Waste as Source of Feed Rich Fiber and Supplement for Ruminants

A study was conducted to determine the potency, physicochemical characteristics, and analyzed the secondary metabolites content of solid herbal waste (SWH) as a substitute source of feed rich fibre and feed supplements in ruminants. The first study includes an analysis of production potential, physical analysis, and chemical composition analysis of SWH. The second study was an analysis of secondary metabolites content of SWH. The results showed that SWH volume reached 6-8 m3/day or 4020-5360 kg/day, the chemical composition of herbal solid waste was similar to king grass with high lignin content (17.53%). SWH containing total phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins , alkaloids and essential oils which generally have antimicrobial activity. According to the potential availability, chemical composition and secondary metabolites content of SWH, it can be used as an alternative for substitute of feed rich fiber or feed supplements with attention to the content of secondary metabolites that can affect the process of fermentation and digestibility in the rumen. Further in vitro and in vivo research ore needed to determine the effect of SWH on rumen fermentation parameters and its application in the ration in ruminant livestock

Doe Productivity of Boerawa Goat on Rural Condition

. This research was carried out at Gisting sub-District, Tanggamus Regency, in order to find out doe productivity of Boerawa goat on rural on condition. This research involved 120 doe Boerawa goat housed in elevated barns. Measurements were performed to evaluate the litter size, birth weight, weight at weaning, and pre-weaning mortality. The results of the present research showed that birth weight of the kids was 3.10 kg and 2.94 kg for male and female, respectively. The average birth weight was based on the type of birth 3.20 kg and 3.04 kg for the single versus twin born kids. It was documented that the average weight at weaning of the kids were 17.12 kg and 16.23 kg for male and female, respectively. Whereas based on birth type, the average weight was of the single born kids and the twin at weaning were 17.30 versus 16.63 kg. In addition, doe reproduction index was 2.36 weaned kids/year, and the average doe productivity was 41.52 kg

Lama Kebuntingan, Litter Size, Dan Bobot Lahir Kambing Boerawa Pada Pemeliharaan Perdesaan Di Kecamatan Gisting Kabupaten Tanggamus

An experiment was conducted on 100 heads of Boerawa doe mated with male Boer. The parameters perceived were pregnancy periode, litter size, and birth weight. The study was undertaken at Boerawa goat development area Kecamatan Gisting Kabupaten Tanggamus. The data were analysed in SPSS versi 10. The results showed that pregnancy periode 159,31 + 4,37 days, litter size 1,62 + 0,65 heads, and birth weight 3.02 + 029 kg

The Chemical Composition and Various Samples Preparation Methods for in Vitro Gas Test of Two Tropical Feeds

A 3x2 factorial experimental design was conducted to evaluate the chemical composition ofSesbania grandiflora (SG) and Manihot esculenta Crantz (MEC) leaves and to measure the effects ofpreparation and drying methods on the in vitro gas production in the presence and absence of PEG. Thecollected samples were divided into three groups: One group was fresh samples (F). The second groupwas oven-dried at 55°C for 48h (OD) and the last group was freeze-dried at –40°C for 72h (FD). Resultsshowed that the mean value of gas production from fresh SG and MEC samples were not significantlyhigher (P0.05). Gas production from samples added withPEG were higher (P<0.05) than without PEG. In conclusion, the preparation and drying methods of feedsamples could affect the volume of gas production. The addition of PEG in SG and MEC resulted inhigher gas production volumes

Slang Words used in Olivia Rodrigo Song Lyrics in the Album of Sour

This final project is based on the study which attempted to analyze the slang word used in song lyrics by Olivia Rodrigo. The song’s album is called Sour. There were eleven songs in the album but the researcher takes only seven among of them. The songs are Brutal, Traitor, Driver License, Good 4 U, Happier, Jealousy-jealousy, and Hope Ur Ok. The main purpose of this study is were to analyze the types of slang words found in the song lyrics, the meaning of the slang words found in song lyrics, and the dominant slang words found in song lyrics. This research is descriptive-qualitative analysis which analyzed the slang word used in the song lyrics usin Allan and Burridge’s theory (2006). The result of the study was there were 48 data of slag words found in the song lyrics. Those slang words was classified into 4 types of slang words. The types were fresh and creative (41.6%), flippant (27.3%), imitative (12.5%), and clipping (18.5%). From these result it can be concluded that the dominant type of slang word is fresh and creatve

Peningkatan Kemampuan Public Speaking melalui Metode Pelatihan Anggota Forum Komunikasi Remaja Islam

Public speaking is the process of speaking to a group of people in a structured, deliberate manner intended to inform, influence, or entertain the listeners. Speaking in front of audience is not an easy task. It needs a good speaking skill. Fear and nervousness become major problem, especially for beginners who have not experienced in public speaking. This also occurs in members of the Muslim Youth Forum Gayamsari (Foksari). Their speaking competence is inadequate. That is why Public Speaking training activity is held. It is expexted to improve their skills. This activity is performed in two stages, namely the delivery of content and practice. Based on the evaluation, the results obtained are very significant. The existence of enthusiastic participants indicates that they are very interested. Besides, there is a seriousness of the participants who attend a series of events organized by the team from beginning to end

Induksi Kalus Dan Embriogenesis Somatik in Vitro Pada Lamtoro (Leucaena Leucocephala) [in Vitro Callus Induction and Somatic Embryogenesis of Leucaena Leucocephala]

This research is aimed to determine the effect of various concentrations (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mg/l) of 2,4-D (dichloropenoxy acetic acid) on callus induction of Lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala) and its somatic embryogenesis stimulated using different concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg/l of growth regulators, namely NAA (Naphthaleneacetic acid) and kinetin. Percentage of callus were measured and somatic embryogenesis from callus were subjected to description analysis. The results showed that callus percentage were varied from 29.34% (1 mg 2,4-D/l) at first week (white color and crumb) to 83.67% (4 mg 2,4-D/l) at fourth week (white yellowish color and compact), and embryo somatic varied from 19.33±2.52 (2 mg NAA and 0 mg kinetin/l) to 81.33±11.50 (1.5 mg NAA dan 2.0 mg kinetin/l). It can be concluded that optimum callus induction (83.67%) was recorded when concentration of 2,4-D was given at the rate of 4 mg/l. The largest number of embryos in concentration of 1.5 mg/l NAA and 2.0 mg/l kinetin, and embryo somatic 81.33±11.50