Aporte de fitomassa pelas sucessões de culturas e sua influência em atributos físicos do solo no sistema plantio direto

A degradação física dos solos, como a compactação, reduz a movimentação de água e o crescimento de raízes. A estrutura do solo é considerada como uma de suas mais importantes propriedades do ponto de vista agrícola, pois a ela estão relacionadas outras propriedades fundamentais nas relações solo-planta. Com o objetivo de se avaliar o efeito de culturas de cobertura nos atributos físicos do solo realizou-se este trabalho em um Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico, textura muito argilosa, nas safras de 2004/2005 e 2005/2006, na Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, em uma área há oito anos sob plantio direto. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos completamente casualizados com três repetições. Foram avaliadas as culturas girassol (Helianthus annuus L.), crotalária (Crotalaria juncea L.), ervilhaca peluda (Vicia villosa Roth), consórcio de crotalária e aveia preta (Avena strigosa Schreb) e consórcio de aveia preta, ervilhaca peluda e nabo forrageiro (Raphanus sativus L. var. oleiferus Metzg), sucedendo a soja e como antecessoras do milho. As culturas de girassol, crotalária e o consórcio aveia preta mais crotalária proporcionaram maiores teores de carbono orgânico total; os valores de macroporosidade e porosidade total aumentaram na camada superficial enquanto os valores de densidade do solo e de microporosidade foram menores nessa camada. Os agregados foram mais estáveis na camada 0 - 5 cm. Os sistemas de culturas estudados foram eficientes na produção de palha, capazes preservar os atributos físicos do solo. Os consórcios entre aveia preta+ervilhaca peluda+nabo forrageiro e, da aveia preta+crotalária possibilitam maior cobertura e permanência da palha sobre o solo

New vegetation type map of India prepared using satellite remote sensing: comparison with global vegetation maps and utilities

A seamless vegetation type map of India (scale 1: 50,000) prepared using medium-resolution IRS LISS-III images is presented. The map was created using an on-screen visual interpretation technique and has an accuracy of 90%, as assessed using 15,565 ground control points. India has hitherto been using potential vegetation/forest type map prepared by Champion and Seth in 1968. We characterized and mapped further the vegetation type distribution in the country in terms of occurrence and distribution, area occupancy, percentage of protected area (PA) covered by each vegetation type, range of elevation, mean annual temperature and precipitation over the past 100 years. A remote sensing-amenable hierarchical classification scheme that accommodates natural and semi-natural systems was conceptualized, and the natural vegetation was classified into forests, scrub/shrub lands and grasslands on the basis of extent of vegetation cover. We discuss the distribution and potential utility of the vegetation type map in a broad range of ecological, climatic and conservation applications from global, national and local perspectives. Weused 15,565 ground control points to assess the accuracy of products available globally (i.e., GlobCover, Holdridge’s life zone map and potential natural vegetation (PNV) maps). Hence we recommend that the map prepared herein be used widely. This vegetation type map is the most comprehensive one developed for India so far. It was prepared using 23.5m seasonal satellite remote sensing data, field samples and information relating to the biogeography, climate and soil. The digital map is now available through a web portal (http://bis.iirs.gov.in)

New vegetation type map of India prepared using satellite remote sensing: Comparison with global vegetation maps and utilities

International audienceA seamless vegetation type map of India (scale 1: 50,000) prepared using medium-resolution IRS LISS-III images is presented. The map was created using an on-screen visual interpretation technique and has an accuracy of 90%, as assessed using 15,565 ground control points. India has hitherto been using potential vegetation/forest type map prepared by Champion and Seth in 1968. We characterized and mapped further the vegetation type distribution in the country in terms of occurrence and distribution, area occupancy, percentage of protected area (PA) covered by each vegetation type, range of elevation, mean annual temperature and precipitation over the past 100 years. A remote sensing-amenable hierarchical classification scheme that accommodates natural and semi-natural systems was conceptualized, and the natural vegetation was classified into forests, scrub/shrub lands and grasslands on the basis of extent of vegetation cover. We discuss the distribution and potential utility of the vegetation type map in a broad range of ecological, climatic and conservation applications from global, national and local perspectives. We used 15,565 ground control points to assess the accuracy of products available globally (i.e., GlobCover, Holdridge’s life zone map and potential natural vegetation (PNV) maps). Hence we recommend that the map prepared herein be used widely. This vegetation type map is the most comprehensive one developed for India so far. It was prepared using 23.5 m seasonal satellite remote sensing data, field samples and information relating to the biogeography, climate and soil. The digital map is now available through a web portal (http://bis.iirs.gov.in)