SPECTRUMS OF SUPERCONDUCTING STATES AND TRIPLET EFFECTS IN SUPERCONDUCTOR/FERROMAGNET MULTILAYERS

We report the results of studies of triplet superconductivity in structures with alternating superconductor and ferromagnet layers, as a part of the general problem of the properties of the spectra of superconductivity states depending on the magnetic state of the multilayer structure. Ferromagnetic layers are assumed monodomain and possessing inplane magnetic moments. In numerical examples, we used the parameters of the well-studied Nb/PdNi system. The critical temperatures and distributions of singlet and triplet currents depending on the relative orientation of the magnetic moments of the ferromagnetic layers are calculated in the formalism of the Usadel equations for 5- and 3-layer irregular structures. The following results are obtained. (1) The channeling effect of triplet pairs by a narrow central layer of a superconductor with complete suppression of the singlet component in it was confirmed. (2) The “0–1”-transition between the phases of a superconducting condensate of opposite symmetry induced by the transport current is predicted. (3) The effect of a double crossover of states on the dependence of the critical temperature, Tc, versus the angle θ between the magnetic moments of the ferromagnetic layers adjacent to the central layer of the superconductor in a 3-layer structure is predicted. The crossovers are reflected by a sharp turns in the Tc (θ) curve, while the infinitely small asymmetry of the structure eliminates the non-analyticity of this characteristic.We report the results of studies of triplet superconductivity in structures with alternating superconductor and ferromagnet layers, as a part of the general problem of the properties of the spectra of superconductivity states depending on the magnetic state of the multilayer structure. Ferromagnetic layers are assumed monodomain and possessing inplane magnetic moments. In numerical examples, we used the parameters of the well-studied Nb/PdNi system. The critical temperatures and distributions of singlet and triplet currents depending on the relative orientation of the magnetic moments of the ferromagnetic layers are calculated in the formalism of the Usadel equations for 5- and 3-layer irregular structures. The following results are obtained. (1) The channeling effect of triplet pairs by a narrow central layer of a superconductor with complete suppression of the singlet component in it was confirmed. (2) The “0–1”-transition between the phases of a superconducting condensate of opposite symmetry induced by the transport current is predicted. (3) The effect of a double crossover of states on the dependence of the critical temperature, Tc, versus the angle θ between the magnetic moments of the ferromagnetic layers adjacent to the central layer of the superconductor in a 3-layer structure is predicted. The crossovers are reflected by a sharp turns in the Tc (θ) curve, while the infinitely small asymmetry of the structure eliminates the non-analyticity of this characteristic

Geometry of intensive scalar dissipation events in turbulence

Maxima of the scalar dissipation rate in turbulence appear in form of sheets and correspond to the potentially most intensive scalar mixing events. Their cross-section extension determines a locally varying diffusion scale of the mixing process and extends the classical Batchelor picture of one mean diffusion scale. The distribution of the local diffusion scales is analysed for different Reynolds and Schmidt numbers with a fast multiscale technique applied to very high-resolution simulation data. The scales take always values across the whole Batchelor range and beyond. Furthermore, their distribution is traced back to the distribution of the contractive short-time Lyapunov exponent of the flow.Comment: 4 pages, 5 Postscript figures (2 with reduced quality

МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ ОПЫТ ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬНОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ГЕНДЕРНОГО РАВЕНСТВА

Проаналізовано міжнародний досвід законодавчого забезпечення гендерної рівності з метою імплементації міжнародно-правових норм в у українське національне законодавство. Наголошено на тому, що досягнення гендерної рівності більшою чи меншою мірою охоплює процеси реформування національних законодавств, а практичні результати можливі лише через створення правового забезпечення рівності, відповідних державних механізмів правового забезпечення та через активну участь громадянського суспільства в цих процесах.The research of international guarantees of women rights is of great importance for Ukraine both in terms of the most complete performance of its international and legal obligations under their observance, and in terms of making possible propositions to improve these standards and the formation of effective measures for their implementation at the national level. Therefore, in order to implement international and legal norms into Ukrainian national legislation the author of the article has analyzed international experience of legislative provision of gender equality. The author has emphasized on the fact that gender equality more or less covers the processes of the reform of national legislations and the practical results are only possible through the establishment of legal equality guaranteeing, appropriate legal mechanisms of legal provision and through the active participation of civil society in these processes. All legal systems were primarily formed due to the great division of labor (increase of its productivity, the creation of excess product and the need of its fixing by certain holders, etc.). Best practices of more or less coherent scheme, structure of directions of implementing the gender principle within the norms of labor law, its compliance in real social relations and determining the measures to improve legal mechanisms of its provision requires the building of a system of views, their general model, the concept of forming the legal mechanism for the compliance with the principle of equal opportunities within the employment relationships, as the best achievements of mankind in the sphere of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of citizens are developed.Проанализирован международный опыт законодательного обеспечения гендерного равенства с целью имплементации международно-правовых норм в украинское национальное законодательство. Отмечено, что достижение гендерного равенства в большей или меньшей степени охватывает процессы реформирования национальных законодательств, а практические результаты возможны только через создание правового обеспечения равенства, соответствующих государственных механизмов правового обеспечения и через активное участие гражданского общества в этих процессах

Сучасні напрями вдосконалення реалізації принципу гендерної рівності у трудовому праві України

The modern organizational and legal directions for improving the implementation of the principle of gender equality in new economic conditions have been studied. Nowadays, Ukraine according to the legislation has established equality of women and men, but legally defined equality is in conflict with the actual circumstances of women’s life. They continue to feel discrimination in almost all spheres of public activity. To eliminate this problem, the author has suggested: a) to increase the level of employment of the population, to reduce the growth of unemployment, to reduce segregation at the labor market; b) to stimulate the employer’s interest in hiring women, establishing flexible working hours, the possibility of working at home, etc.; c) to give preference to the contractual method of establishing working conditions, as well as to the collective and contractual method of ensuring their implementation; d) to pay special attention to the labor migration of women with a view to provide them with legal and social protection abroad. It has been stated that the construction of a democratic, legal and social state in Ukraine also depends on the principles of equal partnership between a man and a woman, mutual responsibility in the family and society. Nowadays, Ukraine needs to develop a system of political and legal, organizational measures to implement gender equality in all spheres of society’s life, and especially in the implementation of the constitutional right to work.Розглянуто сучасні організаційно-правові напрями вдосконалення реалізації принципу гендерної рівності в нових умовах господарювання

Comparative dynamics of self-consciousness of schizophrenic patients and patients with acute and transient psychotic disorders in the process of compulsory treatment.

Article presents the materials of empirical research of life sense orientations, self-relation and level of claims of schizophrenic patients and patients with acute and transient psychotic disorders, who have committed socially hazardous actions and to whom forced measures of medical character are temporarily applied. Changes in the self- consciousness of patients with schizophrenia in dynamics were examined: in com­paring the results obtained at first and fourth stages of patients' stay in mental hospital with strict supervision (the first stage – adaptation and diagnostics, the fourth stage – the consolidation of treatment results and preparation of patient to be discharged). Research was done by D. Leontiev’s test of life sense orientations (LSO), by S. Pantileyev – V. Sto­lin’s techniques and by Shwarzlander’s “Motor test”. Statistical processing of the obtained results of differences by indices of life sense orientations, of selfattitude and level of claims between the group under study with Student's t-criterion was used

The politics of higher education: the European Higher Education Area through the eyes of its stakeholders in France and Italy

This article explores recent politics of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) by focusing on the examination of the continuing involvement of France and Italy in it, which are two – of the EHEA’s founding countries. The study reported in this article is built on a theoretical observation that higher education is political. It relies on expert interviews with representatives from key policy-making institutions in France and Italy, and key recent EHEA official communications. The thematic analysis of these data sources reveals that the EHEA is not just a forum for higher education cooperation, but a political platform for cross-country relations in the European region and a platform for generating responses to crises. Additionally, specifically, France’s and Italy’s continuing involvement in the EHEA has a particular political undertone dictated by the internal politics of both countries and the evolving politics of the EHEA. This study contributes to a better understanding of the political nature of the EHEA and its implications for higher education policy outcomes

Long Term Neuroprotective Effects of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Neonatal Rats Post Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy

Background: Hypoxemic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the neonatal population. Recent research has shown human adipose stem cells (hASCs) to have neuroprotective effects in animal models of HIE. This study tested the hypothesis that neurodevelopmental outcomes would be improved using hASC therapy in term neonatal HIE rat model. Methods: Seven day old rats underwent left carotid artery ligation followed by 8% oxygen for 120 minutes, or carotid isolation in shams. Forty-eight hours after surgery half of the rats received hASCs and half normal saline (NS) intravenously. Rota-rod and cylinder tests were used to assess skill learning, balance, coordination, and symmetry of limb use at 2, 4 and 6 weeks of life. Results: HIE rats treated with hASCs traveled further on Rota-rod (p=0.03) when compared to HIE with NS groups. Those in the HIE-hASC group had significant improvement in the usage of the affected limb at week 6 (p=0.03) compared to those with HIE and NS. Rats receiving hASCs post HIE had less cortical atrophy compared to those with HIE and NS. Conclusions: Rats with HIE treated with hASCs showed improvement in long-term neurodevelopmental aspects and decreased cortical atrophy compared to HIE control group

СОСТОЯНИЯ СПИНОВЫХ ПЕРЕКЛЮЧАТЕЛЕЙ НА ОСНОВЕ МНОГОСЛОЙНЫХ СТРУКТУР СВЕРХПРОВОДНИК/ФЕРРОМАГНЕТИК

The critical temperatures and wave functions of superconducting critical states in the superconductor/ferromagnet structures have investigated on the base of Usadel equation formalism for full configuration sets of spin quantization axes parallel or opposite to the fixed direction. The overturn effect of quantization axes on the critical state amplitude and phase characteristics has established.В формализме уравнений Узаделя рассчитаны критические температуры и функции критических состояний сверхпроводимости многослойных структур сверхпроводник/ферромагнетик для полных наборов конфигураций осей квантования спина {Mn }, параллельных или антипараллельных заданному направлению. Определен эффект переключения для реализуемых состояний многослойных спиновых переключателей. Дана трактовка эффекту переключения на языке функций критического состояния